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ANALYSIS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECT PREPARATION FACILITIES IN SUB- SAHARAN AFRICA Intended for SIDA Document type Report Date December 2015
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ANALYSIS OF

RENEWABLE ENERGY

PROJECT PREPARATION

FACILITIES IN SUB-

SAHARAN AFRICA

Intended for

SIDA

Document type

Report

Date

December 2015

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CONTENTS

1. ABBREVIATIONS 3 2. INTRODUCTION 5 2.1 Sida and Power Africa 5 2.2 Project scope 5 3. BACKGROUND 7 3.1 The financing gap 7 3.2 Project preparation 7 4. PROJECT PREPARATION FACILITIES 9 4.1 Roles and stakeholders 9 4.2 Types of financing 10 4.3 Categorisation of PPFs 11 4.4 PPF database 11 4.5 Overview of PPF extracts from database 12 4.6 Other PPF databases 13 5. GAP ANALYSIS 14 5.1 Geographical coverage 14 5.2 Size of investments 15 6. SITUATION ANALYSIS 16 6.1 Best practices according to interviewed PPFs 16 6.2 Constraints and hurdles 16 6.3 On-going improvements and requested support from Sida 17 7. CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR PPFS 19 8. RECOMMENDATIONS TO SIDA 21

APPENDIX I – GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE OF PPF SUPPORTED

PROJECTS 23

APPENDIX II – SUMMARY OF PROJECT PREPARATION FACILITIES

DATABASE 30

TABLE OF FIGURES AND TABLES

Figure 1. The project development cycle .................................................... 7 Figure 2. Illustration of financing flow to project owners ............................... 9 Figure 3. Project preparation financing framework, ICA (2014) ................... 10 Figure 4. Categorisation of identified PPFs ................................................ 11 Figure 6. Visualisation of PPF coverage .................................................... 15 Figure 7. Overview of critical success factors ............................................ 19

Table 1. Headings in PPF database ............................................................ 5 Table 2. Size of PPF investment and funding ............................................. 15 Table 3. Overview of Ramboll's recommendations to Sida .......................... 21

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1. ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation Explanation

ICA The Infrastructure Consortium for Africa

DFI Development Finance Institution

MDB Multilateral Development Bank

PPF Project Preparation Facility

RECs Regional Economic Communities

Sida The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

USAID United States Agency for International Development

PPFs

ACEF Africa Clean Energy Finance initiative

ACF Access Co-Development Fund

ACP-EC EF II African, Caribbean and Pacific - European Commission Energy Facility II

AECF REACT Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund

AFD DBSA PPFS Agence Française de Dèveloppement Development Bank of Southern Africa Project Preparation and Feasibility Study

AREF Africa Renewable Energy Fund

CDFF Climate Development and Finance Facility

CDKN Climate & Development Knowledge Network

CIC Kenya Climate Innovation Centre

CIF-CTF The Climate Investment Funds Clean Technology Fund

Clean Start Programme The United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) – Clean Start Programme

CTI-PFAN Climate Technology Initiative-Private Financing Advisory Network

DBSA EIB PDSF Development Bank of Southern Africa European Investment Bank Project Development and Support Facility

DBSADF Development Bank of Southern Africa Development Fund

DEG the German Development Finance Institutions

DemoMiljö III DemoMiljö

DevCo Infrastructure Development Collaboration Partnership Fund

DI Frontier Investment The Confederation of Danish Industry Frontier Investment

EAIF Emerging Africa Infrastructure Fund

EAV Energy Access Ventures

EEDF EU-EDFI Private Sector Development Facility

EEP Energy and Environment Partnership South & East Africa

ElectriFI Electrification Finance Initiative

ESMAP The Energy Sector Management Assistance Program

EU-AITF EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund

Evolution One Fund Evolution One Fund

Finance and Competence Finance and Competence

FIRST Facility for Investment in Renewable Small Transactions

GAP Green Africa Power

GCPF Global Climate Partnership Fund

GEEF Green Energy Efficiency Fund

GEEREF Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund

GEF Global Environment Facility

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Get FiT Global Energy Transfer – Feed-in Tariffs for developing countries

GIF Global Innovation Fund

GPOBA Global Partnership on Output-Based Aid

GVEP Global Village Energy Partnership

ICF-DP Infrastructure Crisis Facility – Debt Pool

IFC InfraVentures the IFC Global Infrastructure Project Development Fund

IISS International Infrastructure Support System

IRENA/ADFD International Renewable Energy Agency/Abu Dhabi Fund for Development Project Facility

KAM RTAP Phase II-SUNREF Regional Technical Assistance Programme

LFI The United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) – Local Finance Initiative

LMSC Lereko Metier Sustainable Capital fund

NEPAD IPPF The New Partnership for Africa's Development Infrastructure Project Preparation Facility

OFID – Energy Poverty Program The OPEC Fund for International Development – Energy Poverty Program

PAIDF Pan African Infrastructure Development Fund

PEP Persistent Energy Partners

PIDG TAF Private Infrastructure Development Group Technical Assistance Facility

PPIAF Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility

Progeny Development Finance Progeny Development Finance

RECP Renewable Energy Cooperation Programme

REEEP The Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership

REF Rural Energy Fund

REPP Renewable Energy Performance Platform

SADC PPDF Southern Africa Development Community Project Preparation and Development Facility

SCAF Seed Capital Assistance Facility

SEFA Sustainable Energy Fund for Africa

SREP Climate Investment Fund (CIF) – Scaling Up Renewable Energy in Low Income Countries Program

USADF The United States African Development Foundation

USTDA United States Trade and Development Agency

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2. INTRODUCTION

2.1 Sida and Power Africa

The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) is a Swedish government

agency working on behalf of the Swedish parliament and government, with the mission to reduce

poverty in the world through development assistance. Sida works to implement the Swedish

development policy that will enable poor people to improve their lives and to distribute

humanitarian aid to people in need of assistance. Sida carries out enhanced development

cooperation with a total of 33 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America.

The need for projects in the Energy sector in the sub-Saharan region is massive and is the basis

for the Power Africa initiative. Power Africa was initiated by the U.S. president Barack Obama and

the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in 2013. The long-term goal of

Power Africa is to reduce poverty in Africa by increasing the electrification, more specifically by

doubling the electricity access rate. Sweden is participating since 2014 and has made a

commitment to catalyse and mobilise one billion USD over ten years towards energy sector

development in sub-Saharan Africa. The focus for the Swedish operations is renewable energy.

Other organisations such as the World Bank and the African Development Bank are also part of

the Power Africa initiative. Apart from contributing with funding, the partners of the initiative

work to engage others, such as private investors and stakeholders from the industry.

2.2 Project scope

Ramboll has, on behalf of Sida, conducted a mapping of Project Preparation Facilities (PPFs) in

the sub-Saharan region supporting projects within renewable energy and energy efficiency. The

mapping has resulted in a database and this report. The database consists of the identified PPFs

with information such as supported types of projects, countries, funding bracket and contact

information. The purpose of the database is to enable an easily accessible overview of the project

preparation support available on the market today. The headings in the database are presented

in Table 1 below.

The project has been carried out through a literature review and 15 interviews with stakeholders

active in the area of project preparation.

Table 1. Headings in PPF database

Heading Explanation

Abbreviation The PPFs short name

Title The full name of the PPF

PPF structure PPFs are categorised as either a program, fund or other

organisation depending on its structure

Support

The type of support the PPF provides. This can vary

between Financial support (F), Competence or advisory

support (C) or both Competence and Finance support

(C&F)

Year established The year the PPF was founded

Host organisation The organisation that hosts the PPF. Not applicable to all

PPFs

Contributors / donors / funders The actors that provides monetary support to the PPF

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Total Capital USD The total value of the funding available at the PPF

Funding bracket min USD The minimum amount of funding that the PPF will provide

Funding bracket max USD The maximum amount of funding that the PPF will

provide

Type of finance provided The type of financial support provided. Can range from

grants, guarantees, equity and various forms of debt

Supported energy types The type of energy projects and solutions the PPF

supports. RES = Renewable Energy Sources

PPF Description A description of the PPF in terms of support provided, its

objectives and purpose

Requirements for support A description of the requirements for the potential

projects supported by the PPF

Target countries The countries within sub-Saharan Africa that the PPFs

cover in terms of providing support

Actual countries The countries at which the PPF have stated finished or

ongoing projects

E-mail Contact details to the PPF

Phone Contact details to the PPF

PPF URL Address to the PPFs web-page

Responsible person Contact details to the PPF

Other contact information Contact details to the PPF

Ramboll's source of information The source from which the PPF was found

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3. BACKGROUND

3.1 The financing gap

Infrastructure and access to electricity is widely recognized as a key enabler in developing

countries1. In sub-Saharan Africa almost 600 million people lack access to electricity and only

seven countries have electricity access rates above 50 %2. Several studies have shown that the

GDP is connected to the electrification rates and that an increase in the electricity supply and

infrastructure would boost the countries’ GDPs3. Furthermore, it is commonly acknowledged that

renewable power generation and energy efficiency technologies must play a central role in any

sustainable development when increasing electrification access rates in the sub-Saharan region.

It is widely recognized that one of the main constraints for infrastructure development in Africa is

well-packaged, bankable projects4. Project preparation, the process of taking a project from

conceptualisation to implementation, is a costly and high risk phase in developing infrastructure.

The New Partnership for Africa's Development Infrastructure Project Preparation Facility (NEPAD-

IPPF) has recently estimated the cost for the activities conducted during project preparation to be

up to 10-12 % of the total project cost for large regional projects in Africa. Based on this, The

Infrastructure Consortium for Africa (ICA) has estimated the financing gap to be USD 24.9 billion

only for the four major African Regional Economic Communities (RECs).5

It is not only the lack of financial resources that constitutes a hurdle for developing bankable

projects; there is also a lack of technical capacity for undertaking project preparation.

3.2 Project preparation

The project development cycle is commonly divided into different phases. Both ICA6 and Public

Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF)7 divide the process into six main phases, from

enabling an environment with the right prerequisites for project development to monitoring of

outcomes while implementing the project, see Figure 1 below.

Figure 1. The project development cycle, phase 2-5 defining project preparation

1 UNDP/Sustainable Development Goal 7: Affordable and clean energy.

http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015-development-agenda/goal-7.html 2 McKinsey & Company (2015) Brighter Africa, the growth potential if the sub-Saharan electricity sector 3 McKinsey & Company (2015) Brighter Africa, the growth potential if the sub-Saharan electricity sector 4 ICA (2014) Effective Project Preparation for Africa’s Infrastructure Development, Interviews 5 ICA (2014) Effective Project Preparation for Africa’s Infrastructure Development 6 ICA (2014) Effective Project Preparation for Africa’s Infrastructure Development 7 PPIAF (2007) The African Project Preparation Gap

Project preparation

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Project preparation, unlike project development, is commonly defined as phase 2. Project

Definition to phase 5. Transaction Support, and it is in the project preparation phases that

projects can seek both financial and technical support from project preparation facilities. The

purpose of such support is to make the project bankable and by extension succeeding in realising

it. The definition of project preparation is supported by the conducted interviews with

stakeholders. Most of the interviewees explain project preparation to be “all stages prior to the

project reaching financial close” where financial close can be defined as “The stage where they

can attract domestic and international finance”.8

8 http://www.pidg.org/what-we-do/companies/infraco-africa

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4. PROJECT PREPARATION FACILITIES

4.1 Roles and stakeholders

A key role of PPFs is to bridge resource gaps for project preparation in terms of both financing

and competence. The PPFs normally operate mainly in the mid- to late phases of project

preparation. As described by one of the interviewees:

“There is a strong need for PPFs as there is a lot capital looking for a good investment

opportunity yet there is a gap in terms of demand for that capital. PPFs work to bridge that gap

by preparing projects to be an attractive investment and connecting projects with investors.”

In the project preparation process there is a large number of stakeholders involved, ranging from

national governments to single project owners. What defines and constitutes a PPF can be

discussed and it should be noted that not all stakeholders interviewed were familiar with the

concept PPF and that different perspectives on the meaning of PPF were expressed. When the

concept was further explained the interviewees could relate to it and many of them recognized

themselves as a PPF. What the PPFs normally have in common is a combination of providing

financial support and competences to projects that are in a development phase. There are also

entities that provide support either in the form of competence or financing, where competence

can be any type of advisory support. Figure 2 below shows an illustration of the overall flow of

financial support to the project owner.

As shown in the figure, financial resources originate in organisations such as development banks

and agencies, national governments, international organisations and private corporations. The

financial resources are thereafter distributed through programs, funds or other organisations. The

funds can be used to provide the project owner with requested competences, through in-house

competence or external consultants. Funding can also be given directly to the project owner who

can then obtain needed support by its own. In many cases a PPF offers a combination of the two

and provides both financing and competences.

Figure 2. Illustration of financing flow to project owners

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A PPF in this context is thereby the program, fund or organisation providing the project owner

with financial support and/or requested competences, including or excluding in-house

competence. In the cases when the program/fund/organisation supports the project owner only

with financial resources the project owner may use the money received to hire consultants of its

own and thus money may flow in the opposite direction, from the project owner to the

consultants, see Figure 2. Usually these funds are targeted towards being used for certain stages

in the preparation process.

Another role the PPF holds is that of enabling future financing by providing the project owner with

contacts with possible investors, such as banks, private equity etc. This service does not include

any direct financial transactions but has by many been stressed as a success factor for the

projects.

4.2 Types of financing

There are four main types of financing for project preparation:

− Grants − Debt − Equity

− Guarantees

The four types of financing play different roles in the project development cycle, as seen in Figure

3. Grants are most common in the early and mid-stage of project development where the risk is

high. Grants are therefore considered very important in the phases leading up to bankability.

Guarantees and debt are common from mid-stage to implementation, while equity normally

comes in at a later stage and implementation phase.9 The conducted interviews confirm the

situation that grants are most common in the early stages of project preparation. The interviews

also revealed that during the early stages it is perceived as difficult to find debt, equity and

guarantees support from PPFs.

Figure 3. Project preparation financing framework, ICA (2014)10

9 ICA (2014) Effective Project Preparation for Africa’s Infrastructure Development 10 ICA (2014) Effective Project Preparation for Africa’s Infrastructure Development

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4.3 Categorisation of PPFs

The identified PPFs have been categorised based on type of organisation and the support they

offer, see

Figure 4. Categorisation of identified PPFs

. The main categories are programs, funds and other organisations, where the categorisation is

based on the PPFs’ own description of their organisation. The subcategories are decided based on

if the PPF offers financial resources, competence or both. The largest category is funds offering

financing, followed by programs offering both competence and financing. There are no identified

PPFs in the category funds offering only competence and only one program that only offer

competence.

Figure 4. Categorisation of identified PPFs

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4.4 PPF database

A database containing basic information of the identified PPFs has been compiled. The purpose of

the database is to assist entrepreneurs and investors in projects in finding PPFs that are well

suited to help develop the projects to the next phase. Thus, the database enables an overview of

PPFs supporting renewable energy projects in sub-Saharan Africa.

The main function of the database is to enable the search for PPFs based on certain criteria, such

as by whom it is funded, the span of funding bracket, or the countries in which the PPFs operate.

The database is designed to contain basic information regarding the PPFs, yet the information is

detailed enough to give a good overview to what type of services the PPF provides. Therefore,

information such as the facilities’ objectives is included. Furthermore, contact information and

web-page to the facilities are provided.

The PPFs have been identified through different sources. As a starting point the PPFs described

by ICA at their web-page have been included. Also, documents provided by Sida have been used

for identifying PPFs as well as the interviews that have generated points of contact to different

PPFs. Additionally, PPFs have been identified as some facilities have described other similar

organisations providing project support. Multilateral development banks and similar institutions

have also been used as starting point for finding PPFs. Lastly, the internet has been searched by

using search items specific for the identified PPFs.

4.5 Overview of PPF extracts from database

Below follows a brief description of a selection of identified PPFs. The PPFs described have been

chosen as they represent different types of support in terms of funding size and

funding/competence support model.

Seed Capital Assistance Facility (SCAF)

SCAF is a fund that offers funding for low carbon projects in development countries in Africa and

Asia. The contributors are the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Asian

Development Bank and the African Development Bank. The PPF is aimed at helping energy

investment funds in Asia and Africa to provide seed financing to early stage clean energy

enterprises and projects. SCAF offers funding in three stages:

Support line 0 – Enterprise development

Support line 1 – Seed capital cost sharing

Support line 2 – Project development

What distinguishes SCAF is that they only work through Private Equity (PE) firms. The PE-firms

propose a type of incubator solution where competence and progress can be transferred to the

target company even if the PE-firm does not fulfill the investment. The reason for working

through PE-firms, UNEP states, is that they identify the right projects and are much better at the

due diligence process compared to the PPF itself. Since PE-funds usually have a 2% management

fee they require fairly large projects to invest in. With this model they cannot invest in smaller

projects since it takes too long time and makes them unprofitable, even if they would be

successful. Thereby, with support from SCAF the PE-funds can invest in smaller projects.

However, SCAF requires the PE-funds to also invest and SCAF normally takes around 20% of the

investment. SCAF states that they, before working through PE-firms, used to have a ~30 %

success rate and that they now aim at 70 %.

Climate Technology Initiative-Private Financing Advisory Network (CTI-PFAN)

CTI-PFAN is a multilateral public private partnership offering competence for early stage clean

energy projects in, among other, sub-Saharan Africa. The PPF receives funding from CTI and

other funding partners including USAID, the Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Partnership

(REEEP), the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas (ECPA), International Development

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Research Centre (IDRC) and the International Center for Environmental Technology Transfer

(ICETT). The key objective for the PPF is to accelerate clean energy projects.

The CTI-PFAN identifies promising clean energy projects at an early stage and provides

mentoring for development of a business plan, investment pitch and growth strategy,

significantly enhancing the possibility of financial closure. The aim is to provide private financing

and thus they work to connect clean energy businesses and projects with private sector

financing. CTI-PFAN has four core services:

1. Project identification

2. Service investment readiness assessment

3. Provide coaching, mentoring, consulting

4. Tipping point technical assistance

The requirements for receiving support are technical viability, commercial viability, reducing

greenhouse gas emissions, development benefits, competent management team and growth

potential.

Electrification Finance Initiative (ElectriFI)

ElectriFI is a program currently being operationalized by the European Commission and is

expected to enter service in 2016. The contributor is the European Commission with European

Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) as anchor investors; the fund will also be open to

additional investors. The focus of the PPF is rural electricity, including for example minigrids,

anchor consumers to consumers and solar solutions. The PPF can also support small projects in

Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to grid.

ElectriFI will act as a financing mechanism to support market development and private sector

initiatives for affordable, sustainable, and reliable energy solutions in developing countries. The

fund will provide flexible support options, including technical assistance, junior debt, senior debt,

and equity.

The project requirements are renewable energy projects with high potential in developing

countries, addressing access to energy. Projects must be promoted to ElectriFI by another

European entity, such as a DFI or development agency11. For projects seeking funding at early

stages of the project development cycle ElectriFI requires the own-capital to be 50 % whereas

the requirement for developed projects is 15 %. ElectriFI will provide on average 12.5% of the

total project and no more than 50%.

U.S African Development Foundation (USADF)

USADF supports African-led development that grows community enterprises by providing seed

capital and technical support. The core projects are agricultural but under Power Africa the PPF

supports renewable energy projects, 2/3rds of which are within solar energy. USADF provides

grants of 100 000 UDS per project that normally covers 100 % of CAPEX and is a first stage seed

financing.

Beneficiaries are, as USADF expresses, “those who are presently underserved but ready to do

their part”, typically small holder farmers, youth, women and recovering communities. A key

requirement is that the supported organisation is locally owned and managed.

From the first round of the program 8 of the 22 projects are ready for additional financing and

they are moving towards 50 % success rate. This could be derived from the core operating

principles:

11 Africa-EU Renewable Energy Cooperation Programme. http://www.africa-eu-renewables.org/_funds/electrifi/

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1. Focus program activities on marginalized communities in Africa.

2. Invest in Africans and their ideas through participatory development.

3. Ensure projects produce long term social and economic results.

4. Promote African led and managed field project support.

5. Achieve the highest levels of openness and transparency.

6. Support and develop an equal opportunity, results driven staff that rewards hard work,

dedication to the mission, and personal success.

7. Model high effectiveness and low overhead operations.

4.6 Other PPF databases

There are several organisations that have collected known PPFs, initiatives and funding sources in

online databases to facilitate the projects’ process of finding support. As described later in this

report it is Ramboll’s recommendation that Sida collaborates with organisations that already have

such databases. Below are examples of where online PPF databases can be found.

ICA Fund Finder: http://www.icafrica.org/en/fund-finder/the-fund-finder/

UNDP-World Bank Climate Finance Options (CFO) Platform:

http://climatefinanceoptions.org/cfo/funding-sources

African Development Bank Group: http://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/initiatives-

partnerships

IRENA – Financial Navigator: https://navigator.irena.org/Pages/popupFN.aspx

RECP Funding Database: http://www.africa-eu-renewables.org/services/funding-database/

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5. GAP ANALYSIS

A Gap analysis has been conducted in order to identify the missing coverage by the identified

PPFs. The purpose of the gap analysis is to see the geographical coverage of the PPFs as well as

identifying countries that are not covered. Furthermore, an analysis of investments sizes

provided by the PPFs has been conducted in order to see potential gaps. The geographical

coverage is based on projects supported by PPFs in countries within the sub-Saharan Africa

region in the recent years.

5.1 Geographical coverage

In order to find the geographical coverage it has been realised that it is not enough to describe

the regions that the PPFs express that they can sponsor. Rather, this analysis is based on the

areas in which the PPFs actually do support projects. Thus, the analysis is based on data from

each PPF that describes what projects they do support and in which countries these projects are

present. The information is retrieved either in the form of brochures or web-based sources.

However, it is important to consider that this analysis is limited to including the projects

described by the PPF in official documents. Thus, there may be projects not covered due to lack

of information from the PPF. Also, the available data on supported projects differ between the

PPFs; some provide complete project lists whereas others only present reference projects. Not all

PPFs provide information on supported projects and therefore the analysis is based on

information from 45 of the 71 identified PPFs. There might thereby be a more extensive coverage

than the analysis shows, albeit the referenced projects could indicate where the PPF has

successful experiences of working.

Figure 5 provides a condensed overview of the PPFs’ geographical coverage. The different colours

represent the number of PPFs that have conducted projects in renewable energy or energy

efficiency in the area. This visualisation also includes an aspect of density, showing which

countries that receive more or less support from PPFs. It is shown that there are many PPFs that

have supported projects in countries such as Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Ghana, Benin and

Senegal. On the other hand there are countries with very few or no PPF supported projects and

where there consequently can be considered to be a gap. These countries are foremost:

− Angola − Comoros − Equatorial Guinea

− Eritrea − Gabon − Gambia − Mauritius − Republic of the Congo − São Tomé and Prìncipe − South Sudan

For a complete list of which PPFs that have supported projects in the different countries, see

Appendix I.

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Figure 5. Visualisation of PPF coverage*

5.2 Size of investments

As described, the PPFs differ in terms of which type of support they give, geographical areas they

support, what type of funding they provide, and the size of the funding support. A gap analysis

mapping the different size of investments and/or funding provided by the PPFs has been

conducted. A categorisation has been done of small, mid and large sized funding. The

categorization is based on the range of funding of investments that the PPFs state that they

support projects with.

Based on this mapping of the identified PPFs it can be concluded that there is no clear gap in

funding across the different ranges. Also, it is seen that the PPFs tend to state a wide range of

their potential size of funding. Further analysis could include looking at the average size of

funding or investment provided; however, due to the lack of data from the PPFs regarding

average funding size it has not been possible to execute such analysis.

Table 2. Size of PPF investment and funding

In terms of what types of funding that is provided within the different ranges it is seen that

funding below 1 million USD tend to be in the form of grants whereas larger investments above

10 million USD tend to be a mixture of equity and debt. For the middle range, a combination of

grants, equity and debt is provided. In terms of gaps, it has been identified that there are few

PPFs that support projects with guarantees. Thus, the gap analysis of the size of the PPF

investments has shown that in terms of the size of funding there are no major gaps but looking

at the type of funding provided there is a lack of guarantees.

* South Sudan is in this map included in Sudan, however there are four PPFs with projects in Sudan and none in South Sudan

PPF funding range (USD)

Support to

projects within

the range

Support projects

only within the

range

< 1 000 000 26 7

1 000 000 - 10 000 000 30 7

> 10 000 000 17 9

Northern Africa

≤1 PPF

2-4 PPFs

5-9 PPFs

≥10 PPFs

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6. SITUATION ANALYSIS

6.1 Best practices according to interviewed PPFs

Both in the literature and in conducted interviews success factors and best practices among PPFs

have been discussed. In the interviews two success factors are stressed: finding the right

projects and local adaptability. Additionally, ICA has identified some aspects of best practice for

PPFs.

Finding the right projects

The key for a PPF to be successful is to find the right projects. The PPFs interviewed describe a

number of factors which have enabled their organisation to succeed. In terms of selecting

projects, such factors include being open to and review a large number of projects, to have a

rigorous yet flexible selection process, local market and context understanding of where the

project operates, and to source a project at a relatively defined cost.

Local adaptability

Some of the interviewees have expressed that the success of a PPF is dependent on the local

marketing and communication efforts. There is a demand in the market for such kind of support;

the complication is that each local region has its own sets of regulations and conditions. Thus,

local adaptability is important for a PPF to succeed.

Best practice

ICA has identified and followed up on best practices when financing project preparation of

infrastructure projects. They have summarised the best practices in the following five points.13

− Clear objectives and a focused strategy

− Self-sustainable financing model

− Excellence in portfolio management − Cost-efficient and value-adding advisory services

− Stringent governance and accountability framework

In the latest study however, ICA has found that very few of existing PPFs manage to follow these

best practices, which may be the explanation as to why there has been an unsatisfying

performance among the PPFs.

6.2 Constraints and hurdles

In the conducted interviews Ramboll has identified a number of constraints and hurdles for PPFs.

Below are some of the key hurdles expressed during the interviews.

Lack of early stage support

Ramboll has through interviews and document studies come to the understanding that there is a

lack of early stage support in terms of project development. There are several dimensions to this

challenge. Firstly, the support is not easily accessible for the support seeking projects. One

reason for this, as one of the interviewees argues, is that the facilities offering support risk

receiving an unmanageable amount of applications. So, by being too known, a PPF might get too

many applications that consume the management team’s resources instead of actually

developing projects.

Secondly, the amount of development support in terms of grant and other financial funding

support is argued not enough to cover the needs of project development. On the other hand, it

has also been expressed during the interviews that there is an excess amount of investors

providing grants and that the problem is a lack of investors with large amount of capital that

contributes with soft loans and bank guarantees. Another interviewee adds to this by describing

13 ICA (2015) Assessment of ”African Infrastructure Project Preparation Facilities – Lessons Learned and Best practices”, Draft report

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that on an overall perspective, a challenge PPFs and other investors face regards that

organisations and investors are more familiar working with providing aid rather than

development. There is a paradigm shift where a different kind of support is provided and it is a

challenge for organisations to adapt to this.

Lack of resources

One of the challenges described during the interviews concern the capacity of the advisory and

consultancy industry in sub-Saharan Africa. Currently, there is an insufficient amount of

consultants to cover the need for advisory services making it a bottle neck. Thus, even though

more and more investments become available there is a lack of consultants who support projects

to become bankable. From an internal perspective of the PPF, some organisations have

expressed the importance of keeping the right competence within the organisation in order to be

able to provide high quality support.

Lack of enabling environment

A challenge for developing renewable energy projects concern legal rights and corruption. For

example, when developing projects legal rights is a vital aspect as well as it is a subject for

corruption. Another hurdle for renewable energy investments in sub-Saharan Africa concerns the

immature stage of the energy market where a lack of insight in consumption and demand

contributes to high uncertainties.

Difficulties matching projects and PPFs

In terms of challenges for PPFs it differs between commercial profit seeking facilities and those

that are non-commercial. For the commercial facilities where the facility invests in large projects

with equity or debt the challenges are two-fold. On the one hand, the PPF has to prove to the

project that their support is necessary for the project’s survival. On the other hand, it is hard for

such PPFs to identify projects that fit the desired scale which limits the market.

Also, the perspective of advisory provider is described as a challenge where some organisations

argue that it is important to provide advisory services to projects that are not necessarily

successful. It is therefore a challenge for a PPF not to only seek successful projects but to have a

wider scope in what type of projects are supported. Ramboll’s view on this is that there is a high

risk that resources are wasted if projects are not sustainable in an economic way. Infrastructure

projects including power generation from renewable energy sources may deteriorate quickly if

they are not properly maintained, which will not be the case if the project is not successful. This

view is also shared with most of the interviewees.

A hurdle for the support seekers is to identify and get in contact with suitable PPFs and also that

the PPFs request better channels to find project. Today much of the support provided is based on

personal relations and there is also a challenge for small actors to meet the different

requirements when applying for funding. One appeal expressed in the interviews, is to compile

information on available projects where investors can observe: type of project, project phases,

project owners etc. One idea would be to launch a project database in parallel to a PPF database.

Project owners would then enter their project ideas and its current status in terms of land,

permits, people, funding etc. into a template in the database. PPFs would then in a quick way be

able to seek projects.

6.3 On-going improvements and requested support from Sida

Related to the constraints and hurdles the PPFs express a number of on-going or desired

improvements, some of which they are managing themselves and some for which they view Sida

as a potential enabling partner.

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One key area of improvement, which the PPFs to a large extent can manage themselves, includes

a simplification of the application process for gaining project development support. This also

concerns the projects’ reporting to the PPF which in many cases can be simplified.

In order for projects’ success to extend after the project preparation it is suggested that PPFs

improve their collaboration with banks. The PPFs could work together with the bank sector for

each project where the banks can be involved and gain in-depth insight into the business and

thereby realising the value of the project.

Another aspect, stronger related to requested support from Sida, is managing high risk

investments. One aspect of a challenge that emerged during the interviews concern that the need

for support when developing projects is rather equal regardless of the size of the project. From a

commercial point of view with a need to invest in scalable and typically larger projects it is

common that larger projects receive project preparation support. However, the interviewees

recommended Sida to take the role of investing in project preparation support for smaller

projects. The type of projects concerned are where the development costs are not covered by the

projects’ returns, thus these are not as attractive as larger projects from an investor point of

view.

Similarly Sida could provide financing support in terms of providing collateral to banks in addition

to providing grants. This is described as an area where many project developers struggle as

banks may have difficulties in seeing the value of the project’s assets. Furthermore there is a

potential role for Sida in increasing funding provided in terms of governmental guarantees.

One of Sida’s key values is expressed to be the local presence and competence. This aspect

should be fully utilised in terms of providing support in the manner of project facilitation. One of

the interviewees suggests that Sida can play an important role by engaging embassies in the

local markets to help PPFs and projects to develop through its networks. This is related to the

need for collaboration in order to ensure that the projects are developed and find sustainable

business models and modes of financing. In order for this, it has been expressed during the

interviews that collaboration between private sector and public organisations and regulators is

essential.

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7. CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR PPFS

Ramboll has identified a number of critical success factors that can make PPFs more or less

successful in moving projects from ideas to bankable projects.

The basis for a successful PPF is to view the projects to be prepared in the same way as any

commercial investment opportunity where you would put your own money and expect some sort

of return on investment. Successful Venture Capital (VC) funds focus on a specific sector where

they have a deep knowledge, experience and understanding. Already when providing seed

funding they have a view on how to attract additional investors and are often ready to participate

in the next round of financing in order to show confidence in the project. They asses risks and

document how risks can be mitigated. This includes financial risks, technical, market,

environmental, political, lack of competence, supply chain and all other risks that may delay the

project or affect the budget. It also includes moving a project through a staged process with a

number of milestones that have to be passed, often labelled toll gates. A Venture Capital Fund

will have a portfolio of different projects since they know that only a part of the projects will

actually be successful. When applying this philosophy of VC firms to PPFs the criteria described

below are critical.

Figure 6. Overview of critical success factors

Professional Management

The PPF should be managed by a professional team with experience in the relevant sector. This

means a team of professionals with experience in project development of renewable energy

solutions in the sub-Saharan markets. The team should set up routines for evaluating project

potential including CAPEX and OPEX, long term market potential and revenues. Their internal

processes should follow a staged approach with milestones meaning that some potential projects

will be stopped during the project preparation, a process similar to the credit approval process of

a commercial bank.

The professional management includes a clear mandate to the PPF managers to take

responsibility for which projects to support and to avoid bureaucratic procedures and decision

making processes.

Bankable projects Professional

Management

Focus

Sustainable financing

model with return on

investment

Large funds with

economies of scale

Local knowledge

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Focus

Most PPFs are broad in their approach to support infrastructure projects in Africa and Asia. This is

however an extremely diverse approach. According to the PPF-managers that have been

interviewed it is important to have a sector focus on for instance Renewable Energy as well as a

geographical focus on a smaller number of countries. To succeed in developing a project from an

idea through financial close into a profitable company requires local knowledge, often political

acceptance and contacts with the local business environment. Such knowledge cannot be built in

too many countries in parallel.

Sustainable financing model – Return on Investment

Funds that have requirements on returns on investment are perceived as more successful in

moving projects to financing than funds that just supply grants. A reason is that the managers

taking decisions on which project to support will be much more critical in the evaluation and

support projects with a higher probability of success and limited risks of failure. The way that the

invested capital is returned can vary with a number of instruments available including debt,

convertible loans, equity, guarantees or a blend of different instruments.

With a requirement to have a return on investment the PPF and its team of professionals will

have a higher continuity and the profits will be re-invested in new projects and the PPF will

continue on its own merits. To build a professional team with a high rate of success takes several

years and the longer experience the better performance. With programs that only provide grants

there is a dependency of continuous support from donors and as funds are disbursed the

program ends.

SCAF who only supports projects that are backed by Private Equity firms has an operating model

which is expected to take 70% of the supported projects to financial close. SCAF leaves the due

diligence and evaluation of the projects to the responsibility of the PE-firms. In SCAF’s operating

model it is also a prerequisite that business plans and other assistance provided by the PE-firm or

its advisors are left with the project, even if the PE-firm pulls out of the deal.

Large funds – Economies of scale

The larger the fund the smaller the management fee will be and the easier it is to have a highly

experienced team of experts engaged. A large fund will also have the capability to provide

additional support or funding in order to push a viable project into financial close. Large fund will

also have a portfolio of projects in different phases, with varying potential to become profitable

entities.

Local knowledge

Understanding of the local and national context is important in succeeding with project

development. This includes understanding national regulatory and legal systems, having an

acceptance from the political agencies but also an understanding of the business climate in the

specific country. As Sida is well aware of the countries of sub-Saharan Africa differ a lot in

between each other, and to succeed in developing projects the national environment must be

known.

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8. RECOMMENDATIONS TO SIDA

Sida has in its mission within the Power Africa initiative very clear goals in working with poverty

reduction and to support sustainable projects within Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency.

There is a high demand for PPFs and as mentioned earlier the available funds are not sufficient to

give the necessary support to the needed infrastructure projects on the African continent. So

Ramboll recommends Sida to continue to support existing PPFs, but that this support is focused

on the funds with the potential to actually choose the right projects and make them bankable,

which is not easy. Success in supporting PPFs can only be measured in the number of projects

that are moved from idea to financial close.

Table 3. Overview of Ramboll's recommendations to Sida

Recommendation Description

1. PPF support Support existing PPFs with a high hit rate that live up to

the critical success factors

2. The PPF database

Assure continuity in maintaining the database in the

future by integrating it in the ICA database that already

exists

3. Project database Create a database to provide both investors and PPFs

with an overview of potential projects to support

PPF support

It is recommended to support PPFs with a high hit rate that fulfils the Critical Success Factors

mentioned in the previous chapter. It is also recommended to stop supporting smaller PPFs

without the local knowledge, size or professional management that is required. Smaller projects

may still be reached by supporting organisations like USADF that even though they provide

grants, have a sustainable and long term model that assures continuity.

Ramboll was asked to provide a gap analysis to Sida to evaluate whether there are any types of

projects or countries that do not get adequate support in terms of project preparation within

renewable energy or energy efficiency. Based on the huge number of existing PPFs and the

number of countries that are already covered the recommendation to Sida is to channel its funds

through the best performing PPFs rather than new PPFs. Ramboll sees no need for additional PPFs

but rather that the existing improve their performance.

The PPF Database

The need for PPFs is unquestionable and new PPFs will emerge to help support projects in

reaching financial close. The number of organizations in the Western World that are willing to

help in supporting infrastructure projects in Africa is enormous. Many of them will help with both

expertise and funding in order to move projects to financial close.

In order to get an overview of all funds that Ramboll have identified and to assure continuity in

maintaining a database in the future, Ramboll recommends that this database is integrated in the

ICA database that already exists. The database should be presented as an opportunity for PPF-

managers to promote their funds and thereby provide information to ICA. When building the

extended ICA database all PPFs must verify and update the information on a regular basis.

When Sida gets requests to support projects in reaching financial close one can point to the ICA

database.

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Project Database

Ramboll also recommends that a database is created to provide both investors and PPFs with an

overview of potential projects to support. There must be some sort of quality assurance in

allowing projects to be posted in the database to avoid unserious fortune seekers to access

money. In the database it should be clear where the project stands in terms of available business

plan, economic potential, required investments, overall time plan, access to land, required

permits as well as obtained permits as well as information about the project owners.

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APPENDIX I – GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE OF PPF

SUPPORTED PROJECTS

Country PPFs that have supported projects in the country**

Angola ESMAP

Benin CP-EU EF

Camco

CTI-PFAN

ESMAP

EU-AITF

GEF

ICF-DP

NEPAD IPPF

OFID Energy Poverty Program

Powering Agriculture

REEEP

Botswana CTI-PFAN

EEP

F&C

NEPAD IPPF

Burkina Faso ACP-EU EF

CDKN

ESMAP

NEPAD IPPF

OFID Energy Poverty Program

REEEP

Burundi ACP-EU EF

EEP

ESMAP

EU-AITF

OFID Energy Poverty Program

Cameroon ACF

ACP-EU EF

CDKN

DEG

ESMAP

EU-AITF

GEF

OFID Energy Poverty Program

Cape Verde CTI-PFAN

InfraCo Africa

Central African Republic ACP-EU EF

ESMAP

Chad ACP-EU EF

GEF

Comoros ACP-EU EF

Democratic Republic of the

Congo

ACP-EU EF

AFD DBSA PPFS

CTI-PFAN

ESMAP

EU-AITF

* The geographical coverage is based on ~30 identified PPFs that provide project lists or reference projects

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GPOBA

OFID Energy Poverty Program

Djibouti ESMAP

OFID Energy Poverty Program

Equatorial Guinea GEF

Eritrea ACP-EU EF

Ethiopia ACP-EU EF

CDKN

CTI-PFAN

DEG

ESMAP

EU-AITF

GEF

ICF-DP

PAEGC

REEEP

SREP

USADF

Gabon

Gambia

Ghana ACP-EU EF

CDFF

CDKN

CTI-PFAN

DEG

EAIF

ESMAP

EU-AITF

ICF-DP

InfraCo Africa

NEPAD IPPF

OFID Energy Poverty Program

PEC

Powering Agriculture

PPIAF

REEEP

USADF

USTDA

Guinea ESMAP

EU-AITF

PPIAF

Guinea-Bissau ACP-EU EF

CTI-PFAN

ESMAP

GEF

OFID Energy Poverty Program

REEEP

Ivory Coast ACP-EU EF

DEG

EAIF

EU-AITF

OFID Energy Poverty Program

PPIAF

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REEEP

Kenya ACP-EU EF

Camco

CDFF

CDKN

CIC

CTI-PFAN

DEG

DI Frontier Investment

EAIF

EEP

ESMAP

EU-AITF

F&C

GEF

GPOBA

GVEP

ICF-DP

IFC InfraVentures

KAM RTAP Phase II - SUNREF

NEPAD IPPF

OFID Energy Poverty Program

Powering Agriculture

PPIAF

REEEP

SREP

USADF

Lesotho ACP-EU EF

CTI-PFAN

EEP

ESMAP

GEF

REEEP

Liberia ACP-EU EF

CTI-PFAN

ESMAP

EU-AITF

OFID Energy Poverty Program

PPIAF

USADF

Madagascar ACP-EU EF

ESMAP

GEF

OFID Energy Poverty Program

Malawi ACP-EU EF

CDKN

ESMAP

GEF

OFID Energy Poverty Program

Mali ACP-EU EF

CDKN

CTI-PFAN

ESMAP

IFC InfraVentures

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IRENA/ADFD Project Facility

OFID Energy Poverty Program

REEEP

SREP

Mauritania ACP-EU EF

EU-AITF

IRENA/ADFD Project Facility

OFID Energy Poverty Program

Mauritius ESMAP

Mozambique ACP-EU EF

CDKN

CTI-PFAN

EEP

ESMAP

F&C

OFID Energy Poverty Program

Powering Agriculture

REEEP

Namibia CDKN

CTI-PFAN

EEP

EU-AITF

F&C

NEPAD IPPF

OFID Energy Poverty Program

REEEP

Niger ACP-EU EF

ESMAP

EU-AITF

OFID Energy Poverty Program

REEEP

Nigeria ACEF

ACF

CDFF

CDKN

CTI-PFAN

DEG

EAIF

ESMAP

GEF

GuarantCo

IFC InfraVentures

InfraCo Africa

Powering Agriculture

PEC

USADF

Republic of the Congo

Rwanda ACP-EU EF

CDKN

CTI-PFAN

EAIF

EEP

ESMAP

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EU-AITF

FMO Entrepreneurial Development Bank

GVEP

OFID Energy Poverty Program

Powering Agriculture

São Tomé and Prìncipe

Senegal ACP-EU EF

CDKN

CTI-PFAN

EAIF

ESMAP

EU-AITF

GVEP

IFC InfraVentures

PPIAF

REEEP

Seychelles EEP

ESMAP

Sierra Leone ACP-EU EF

CDKN

CTI-PFAN

EAIF

ESMAP

EU-AITF

GEF

ICF-DP

IRENA/ADFD Project Facility

PPIAF

Somalia ACP-EU EF

CTI-PFAN

South Africa Camco

CDKN

CIF-CTF

CTI-PFAN

DEG

EAV

EEP

ESMAP

Evolution One Fund

F&C

GCPF

GEEF

GEF

ICF-DP

LMSC

REEEP

SCAF

South Sudan

Sudan CTI-PFAN

ESMAP

GEF

OFID Energy Poverty Program

Swaziland EEP

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CTI-PFAN

Tanzania ACP-EU EF

ACEF

AECF REACT

Camco

CTI-PFAN

DI Frontier Investment

EEP

ESMAP

EU-AITF

GEF

GuarantCo

GVEP

KAM RTAP Phase II-SUNREF

LFI

NEPAD IPPF

OFID Energy Poverty Program

Powering Agriculture

PEC

PPIAF

REF

REEEP

SCAF

USADF

Togo ACP-EU EF

CDKN

CTI-PFAN

DEG

ESMAP

EU-AITF

NEPAD IPPF

OFID Energy Poverty Program

PEC

REEEP

Uganda ACF

ACP-EU EF

Camco

CDFF

CTI-PFAN

DEG

DI Frontier Investment

EAIF

EEP

ESMAP

EU-AITF

F&C

Get FiT

GuarantCo

InfraCo Africa

KAM RTAP Phase II-SUNREF

LFI

LMSC

Powering Agriculture

PEC

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PPIAF

REEEP

Zambia ACP-EU EF

CDKN

CTI-PFAN

EEP

ESMAP

EU-AITF

F&C

FMO Entrepreneurial Development Bank

NEPAD IPPF

Powering Agriculture

Zimbabwe ACP-EU EF

AECF REACT

CDKN

CTI-PFAN

ESMAP

NEPAD IPPF

OFID Energy Poverty Program

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APPENDIX II – SUMMARY OF PROJECT PREPARATION FACILITIES DATABASE

Summary of Project Preparation Facilities Database

Abbreviation Title Host organisation Contributors / donors / funders Funding

bracket min

USD

Funding

bracket

max USD

Type of

finance

provided

Supported

energy

types

Target countries

1 ACEF Africa Clean Energy Finance

initiative

OPIC, the U.S. Trade and

Development Agency and

the U.S. Department of

State

OPIC, the U.S. Trade and Development Agency and

the U.S. Department of State

n.a. n.a. Debt,

guaranteees

RES Algeria, Democratic Republic of Congo,

Kenya, Nigeria, Angola, Ivory Coast,

Lesotho, Rwanda, Benin Djibouti Liberia

Sao Tome and Principe , Botswana,

Egypt, Madagascar, Senegal, Burkina

Faso, Equatorial Guinea, Malawi, Sierra

Leone, Burundi, Eritrea, Mali, South

Africa, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Mauritania,

Swaziland, Cape Verde, Gabon,

Mauritius, Tanzania, Central African

Republic, Gambia, Togo, Chad, Ghana,

Mozambique, Comoros Islands, Guinea,

Namibia, Uganda, Congo, Guinea-Bissau,

Niger, Zambia

2 ACF Access Infra Africa – Access Co-

Development Fund

n.a. EREN Developpement, Access Power MEA n.a. n.a. Equity RES Africa

3 ACP-EC EF II African, Caribbean and Pacific -

European Commission Energy

Facility II

European Commission EU Member States 200 000 2 500 000 Grant RES Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo-

Brazzaville, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic

Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial

Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon,

Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique,

Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,

Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,

Somalia, South Africa, Sudan,

Swaziland, Sao Tome and Principe ,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

4 AECF REACT Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund Alliance for a Green

Revolution in Africa (AGRA)

/ KPMG International

Development Advisory

Services (KPMG IDAS)

governments of Australia, Denmark, Netherlands,

Sweden and the United Kingdom, as well as the

International Fund for Agricultural Development

(IFAD)

n.a. 1 500 000 Grants,

interest free

loans

RES Burundi, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique,

Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Angola

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5 AFD DBSA PPFS AFD DBSA Project Preparation and

Feasibility Study

Development Bank of

Southern Africa

AFD - Agence Française de Dèveloppement

DBSA - Development Bank of Southern Africa

500 000 500 000 n.a. RES,

Transmission

/distribution

Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo-

Brazzaville, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic

Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial

Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon,

Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique,

Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,

Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,

Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan,

Swaziland, Sao Tome and Principe ,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

6 Africa50 Africa50 Investment Bank for

Infrastructure in Africa

n.a. AfDB n.a. n.a. n.a. RES Africa

7 AREF Africa Renewable Energy Fund Berkley Energy SEFA, AfDB, GEEREF 10 000 000 30 000 000 Equity, Grant RES Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan,

Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo,

Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

8 Ariya Capital Sub-

Saharan Africa

Cleantech Fund

Ariya Capital Sub-Saharan Africa

Cleantech Fund

n.a. n.a. 3 000 000 10 000 000 Equity RES Southern Africa

9 Camco Camco n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. RES - Solar Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

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10 CDFF Climate Development and Finance

Facility / Climate Investor One

n.a. The Netherlands, UK, the Netherlands Development

Finance Company (FMO)

80 000 000 100 000 000 Equity, non-

repayable

donor

contributions

RES Africa

11 CDKN Climate & Development Knowledge

Network

PricewaterhouseCoopers

LLP (PwC), Fundación

Futuro Latinoamericano, the

Overseas Development

Institute, SouthSouthNorth,

and LEAD Pakistan

the UK Department for International Development

(DfID) and the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs

(DGIS)

n.a. n.a. n.a. RES Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania,

Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia,

Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa,

Namibia, Angola, Democratic Republic of

the Congo, Cameroon, Nigeria, Benin,

Togo, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Sierra

Leone, Senegal, Mali, Chad,

12 Charge Charge World Resource Institute World Resource Institute n.a. n.a. n.a. RES Sub-Saharan Africa

13 CIC Kenya Climate Innovation Centre infoDev (World Bank) United Kingdom’s UKaid and the Danish Ministry of

Foreign Affairs

50 000 750 000 Grants,

repayable

loans

RES Kenya

14 CIF-CTF The Climate Investment Funds

Clean Technology Fund

The Climate Investment

Funds (CIF)

UK, US, Japan, Germany, Canada, France, Norway,

Australia, Sweden, Spain, Netherlands, Denmark,

Switzerland, Korea

n.a. n.a. n.a. RES,

Energy

Efficiency

Nigeria, South Africa

15 Clean Start

Programme

UNCDF – Clean Start Programme UN Capital Development

Fund (UNCDF)

ADC, Norad, Liechtenstein, Sida, UNCDF n.a. n.a. Grants, other RES Uganda, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic

of the Congo, Tanzania, Cameroon,

Senegal, Burkina Faso

16 CTI-PFAN Climate Technology Initiative-

Private Financing Advisory

Network

Climate Technology

Initiative and the United

Nations Framework

Convention on Climate

Change

CTI and other funding partners including USAID, the

Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Partnership

(REEEP), the Energy and Climate Partnership of the

Americas (ECPA), International Development

Research Centre (IDRC), and the International

Center for Environmental Technology Transfer

(ICETT)

n.a. n.a. n.a. RES,

Energy

Efficiency

East, West and Southern Africa

17 DBSA EIB PDSF DBSA EIB Project Development

and Support Facility

Development Bank of

Southern Africa

DBSA - Development Bank of Southern Africa

EIB - European Investment Bank

625 000 625 000 Grant RES,

Transmission

/distribution

Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Comoros,

Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya,

Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi,

Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia,

Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, South

Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania,

Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

18 DBSADF DBSA Development Fund Development Bank of

Southern Africa

DBSA and South African Department of Treasury n.a. n.a. Grant RES South Africa

19 DEG The German Development Finance

Institutions

n.a. Federal Government of Germany 10 000 000 30 000 000 Equity, Debt RES South Africa, Kenya and Ghana,

Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Nigeria,

Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia and

Mozambique. Selective projects in other

Sub Saharan countries.

20 DemoMiljö III DemoMiljö Tillväxtverket Sida n.a. 1 800 000 SEKGrant RES Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, Kenya

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21 DevCo Infrastructure Development

Collaboration Partnership Fund

IFC’s Public Private

Partnerships Transactions

Advisory Services

Department

IFC, DFID, Dutch Ministry for Foreign Affairs (DGIS),

Sida, Austrian Development Agency (ADA)

1 000 000 1 000 000 Grant RES,

Transmission

/distribution

Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana,

Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape

Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,

Comoros, Congo-Brazzaville, Côte

d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo,

Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea,

Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia,

Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya,

Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger,

Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

Sudan, Swaziland, Sao Tome and

Principe , Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia,

Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

22 DI Frontier

Investment

DI Frontier Investment Danish based investment

fund

SCAF, EU 3 000 000 10 000 000 Equity

Mezzanine

capital,

Short term

debt

financing

RES Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

23 EAIF Emerging Africa Infrastructure

Fund

Network/partners: PIDG

Group, European DFIs

Governments (UK, NL, Swiss), KfW, FMO, SBSA,

Standard Charter, PIDG (Equity investor)

30 000 000 50 000 000 Debt RES Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

24 EAV Energy Access Ventures Network/partner: Schneider

Electric, AFD, Berkeley

Energy

Schneider Electric in partnership with, CDC Group,

FISEA Ð PROPARCO, OFID, and AFD- FFEM

500 000 4 000 000 Equity, Debt RES - Solar Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi,

Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania,

Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe

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25 EEDF EU-EDFI Private Sector

Development Facility

the European Financing

Partners (EFP) and the

Interact Climate Change

Facility (ICCF)

the European Financing Partners (EFP) and the

Interact Climate Change Facility (ICCF)

n.a. 43 200 000 EURGrants,

Guarantees

RES,

Energy

Efficiency

Sub-Saharan Africa

26 EEP Energy and Environment

Partnership South & East Africa

n.a. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland (lead donor),

The Austrian Development Agency (ADA) and

the UK DFID

100 000 1 000 000 Grant RES - Solar

(both PV and

thermal),

RES -

Biomass,

Waste-to-

energy,

Energy

Efficiency

Botswana, Burundi, Kenya, Lesotho,

Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda,

Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia

27 ElectriFI Electrification Finance Initiative EIB, EC, SE4All European Commission, and European DFIs as anchor

investors - the fund will be open to additional

investors

1 000 000 EUR10 000 000 EURConvertible

Grants,

Equity, Debt

RES Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

28 ESMAP The Energy Sector Management

Assistance Program

World Bank World Bank n.a. n.a. Grant RES,

Energy

Efficiency

Sub-Saharan Africa

29 EU-AITF EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust

Fund

European Investment Bank European Commission, Austria, Belgium, Finland,

France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg,

Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom

280 000 33 600 000 Grant RES,

Transmission

/distribution

Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cap Verge, Central

Africa Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo

(Brazzaville), Congo (Democratic

Republic), Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti,

Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia,

Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-

Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia.

Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania,

Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger,

Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan,

Swaziland, São Tome and Príncipe,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

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30 Evolution One

Fund

Evolution One Fund Inspired Evolution

Investment

CYANE HOLDINGS LTD, QUANTUM POWER, GEEREF,

IFC, FINNFUND, SIFEM, NORFUND, AfDB, IDC, SCAF

(investors of fund)

10 000 000 20 000 000 Equity, Quasi

Equity

RES Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia,

Tanzania, Uganda, Namibia, Botswana,

South Africa (30% exposure),

Mozambique, The Gambia

31 Finance and

Competence

Finance and Competence n.a. Programs n.a. n.a. Grants,

equity, debt

RES South, West and East Africa

32 FIRST Facility for Investment in

Renewable Small Transactions

n.a. KfW, DBSA n.a. n.a. Grants, non-

interest

bearing loans

RES South Africa

33 GAP Green Africa Power PIDG Group PIDG, UK Departments for International Development

(DFID) and Energy and Climate Change (DECC),

Norwe.g.ian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

5 000 000 GBP5 000 000 GBPDebt

Mezzanine

RES Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

34 GCPF Global Climate Partnership Fund n.a. the Dutch development bank FMO, UK, Development

Bank of Austria, responsAbility, International Finance

Corporation (IFC), Denmark, KfW, Germany

5 000 000 20 000 000 senior debt,

mezzanine

instruments,

equity

RES,

Energy

Efficiency

Sub-Saharan Africa

35 GEEF Green Energy Efficiency Fund n.a. The Industrial Development Corporation (IDC), the

German

Development Bank (KfW)

1 000 000 Rand50 000 000 RandDebt RES,

Energy

Efficiency

South Africa

36 GEEREF Global Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy Fund

n.a. EU n.a. n.a. Equity RES,

Energy

Efficiency

Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic

Republic of the Congo, Djibouti,

Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia,

Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea,

Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Indonesia,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe,

Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South

Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

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37 GEF Global Environment Facility n.a. Asian Development Bank (ADB), African Development

Bank (AFDB), Development Bank of Latin America

(CAF), Conservation International (CI), Development

Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA), European Bank for

Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), Foreign

Economic Cooperation Office - Ministry of

Environmental Protection of China (FECO), Food and

Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

(FAO), Fundo Brasileiro para a Biodiversidade

(FUNBIO), Inter-American Development Bank (IDB),

International Fund for Agricultural Development

(IFAD), International Union for Conservation of

Nature (IUCN), United Nations Development

Programme (UNDP), United Nations Environment

Programme (UNEP), United Nations Industrial

Development Organization (UNIDO), West African

Development Bank (BOAD), World Bank Group (WBG),

World Wildlife Fund U.S. (WWF)

n.a. n.a. Grants RES,

Energy

Efficiency

Sub-Saharan Africa

38 Get FiT Global Energy Transfer – Feed-in

Tariffs for developing countries

Deutsche Bank Deutsche Bank, KfW, Norway, DECC, DfID, EU AITF,

Germany, World Bank

n.a. n.a. Grant,

equity, debt

RES Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

39 GIF Global Innovation Fund n.a. the Department of International Development in the

UK, the United States Agency for International

Development, the Omidyar Network, the Swedish

International Development Cooperation Agency and

the Department for Foreign Affairs and Trade in

Australia

50 000 15 000 000 Grants,

equity, debt

n.a. Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

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40 GPOBA Global Partnership on Output-

Based Aid (GPOBA)

World Bank Established by UK Department for International

Development and the World Bank. Its other donors

are the IFC, the Netherlands (DGIS), Australia

(AusAID), and Sweden (Sida).

25 000 500 000 Grant RES,

Transmission

/distribution

Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana,

Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape

Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,

Comoros, Congo-Brazzaville, Côte

d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo,

Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea,

Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia,

Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya,

Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi,

Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique,

Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,

Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,

Somalia, South Africa, Sudan,

Swaziland, Sao Tome and Principe ,

Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda,

Zambia, Zimbabwe

41 GuarantCo GuarantCo PIDG Group Governments (UK, NL, Swiss) KfW, FMO, SBSA,

Standard Charter

10 000 000 40 000 000 Guarantee RES Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

42 GVEP Global Village Energy Partnership n.a. Barclays, DFID, DGIS, EU, Garfield Weston

Foundation, IDB, OFID, Sida, USAID, Vitol

Foundation, World Bank, EEP Africa, Rotary Club, UN

Foundation, ENERGIA

n.a. n.a. n.a. RES Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

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43 ICF-DP Infrastructure Crisis Facility –

Debt Pool

Cordiant, Facility of PIDG The German development bank KfW, AFD, AfDB,

AsDB, BNDES, CAF, Cofide, De.g., EAIF, EBRD, EIB,

FMO,

Guarantco, IADB, IIC, IFC, IsDB, Proparco

25 000 000 55 000 000 Debt RES,

Transmission

/distribution

Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon,

Cape Verde, Comoros, Cote D'Ivoire,

Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon,

Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Mali,

Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique,

Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda,

Zambia, Zimbabwe

44 IFC InfraVentures The IFC Global Infrastructure

Project Development Fund

World Bank World Bank n.a. 8 000 000 Risk capital RES Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

45 IISS International Infrastructure

Support System

n.a. African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank,

O Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e

Social, Development Bank of Southern Africa,

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development,

Inter-American Development Bank, World Bank Group

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Sub-Saharan Africa

46 InfraCo Africa InfraCo Africa Facility of PIDG n.a. 1 000 000 3 000 000 Grant RES Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

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47 IRENA/ADFD IRENA/ADFD Project Facility n.a. Abu Dhabi Fund for Development 5 000 000 15 000 000 Debt RES Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon,

Cape Verde, Comoros, Cote D'Ivoire,

Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon,

Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Mali,

Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique,

Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda,

Zambia, Zimbabwe

48 KAM RTAP Phase

II - SUNREF

Kenya Association of

Manufacturers – Regional

Technical Assistance Programme

for Financing Renewable Energy

and Energy Efficiency

n.a. Agence Française de Développement (AFD), the

European Union Infrastructure Trust Fund (ITF)

n.a. n.a. n.a. RES,

Energy

Efficiency

Kenya

49 LFI UNCDF – Local Finance Initiative UN Capital Development

Fund (UNCDF), the Global

Clearinghouse for

Development

Finance (GlobalDF)

the Swiss Agency for Cooperation and Development

(SDC), Sida, UNCDF, UN, Government of Tanzania

PMO-RALG

n.a. n.a. n.a. RES Tanzania, Uganda

50 LMSC Lereko Metier Sustainable Capital

fund

Network/partner: Seed

Capital Assistance Facility

(SCAF) led by UNEP.

CTI-PFAN

IFC, Lereko, FMO, De.g., South Africa PIC (investors

of fund)

10 000 000 50 000 000 Equity RES Southern Africa

51 NEPAD IPPF NEPAD Infrastructure Project

Preparation Facility

African Development Bank

(ADB)

Canada (CIDA), Denmark, Germany, Spain, United

Kingdom (DFID)

20 000 10 000 000 Grant RES,

Transmission

/distribution

Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana,

Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape

Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,

Comoros, Congo-Brazzaville, Côte

d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo,

Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea,

Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia,

Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya,

Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger,

Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Sao

Tome and Principe , Tanzania, Togo,

Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

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52 OFID – Energy

Poverty Program

OFID – Energy Poverty Program n.a. OPEC

Se4all

100 000 2 000 000 Grant RES Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-

Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho,

Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali,

Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique,

Namibia, Niger, Republic of the Congo,

Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe,

Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,

Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan,

Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo,

Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

53 Open Capital Open Capital n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. RES Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

54 PAIDF Pan African Infrastructure

Development Fund

The African Development

Bank

The African Development Bank 25 000 000 120 000 000 Private

equity

RES Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

55 PEC Persistent Energy Capital n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Equity RES Sub-Saharan Africa

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56 PIDG TAF PIDG Technical Assistance Facility Private Infrastructure

Development Group (PIDG),

London

Bi-lateral development agencies (e.g. DFID, DGIS,

USAID etc.), Multilateral development agencies (e.g.

European Commission), Bi-lateral financial

institutions (e.g. KfW, AfD), Development Finance

Institution (DFI) - e.g. IFC, FMO, Proparco etc.,

Multilateral Development Bank (MDB) - e.g. IBRD,

AfDB, Trust funds housed at MDBs, DFIs etc.

20 000 1 000 000 Grant RES,

Transmission

/distribution

Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana,

Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape

Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,

Comoros, Congo-Brazzaville, Côte

d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo,

Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea,

Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia,

Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya,

Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger,

Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Sao

Tome and Principe , Tanzania, Togo,

Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

57 Powering

Agriculture

Powering Agriculture: An energy

grand challenge for development

n.a. the United States Agency for International

Development, the Government of Sweden, Duke

Energy Corporation, the Government of Germany,

and the Overseas Private Investment Corporation

500 000 2 000 000 Grants RES Sub-Saharan Africa

58 PPIAF Public Private Infrastructure

Advisory Facility

World Bank Established by UK Department for International

Development, the government of Japan, and the

World Bank . Its other donors include various

multilateral and bilateral donors: Asian Development

Bank, Australia, Austria, European Bank of

Reconstruction and Development, France, Germany,

International Finance Corporation (IFC), Italy,

Japan, Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC),

Netherlands (DGIS), Sweden (SIDA), Switzerland

(SECO), United States (USAID), and the World Bank

25 000 500 000 Grant RES,

Transmission

/distribution

Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana,

Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape

Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,

Comoros, Congo-Brazzaville, Côte

d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo,

Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea,

Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia,

Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya,

Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger,

Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Sao

Tome and Principe , Tanzania, Togo,

Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

59 Progeny

Development

Finance

Progeny Development Finance Harith Partners

(Proprietary) limited

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Sub-Saharan Africa

60 RECP Renewable Energy Cooperation

Programme

the Africa-EU Energy

Partnership (AEEP)

The EU Energy Initiative Partnership Dialogue Facility

(EUEI PDF), currently funded by Austria, the

European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, the

Netherlands and Sweden.

n.a. n.a. n.a. RES Ivory Coast, Kenya, Nigeria, Zambia,

Mozambique, Rwanda

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61 REEEP The Renewable Energy and Energy

Efficiency Partnership

n.a. Austria, Climate and Development Knowledge

Network (CDKN), Germany, GIZ - Deutsche

Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit,

Norway, OPEC Fund for International Development

(OFID), Switzerland, United Kingdom

n.a. 250 000 EUR Grant RES,

Energy

Efficiency

Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

62 REF Rural Energy Fund Rural Energy Agency (REA),

Ministry of Energy and

Minerals of the United

Republic of Tanzania

Tanzania Investment Bank – TIB n.a. n.a. Grants RES Tanzania

63 REPP Renewable Energy Performance

Platform

European Investment Bank,

FS-UNEP Collaborating

Center

Norad (Norwe.g.ian Agency for Development

Cooperation)

1 000 000 20 000 000 Grant RES Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

64 ResponsAbility

Innovative

Investment Fund

ResponsAbility Innovative

Investment Fund

n.a. ACA (African Cashew Alliance), ANDE (Aspen

Network of Development Entrepreneurs), CMEF

(Financial Inclusion Equity Council), EMPEA

(Emerging Markets Private Equity Association), E-

MFP (European Microfinance Platform), Eurosif

(European Sustainable Investment Forum), FAST

(Finance Alliance for Sustainable Trade), FNG (Forum

für Nachhaltige Geldanlage), GIIN (Global Impact

Investing Network), LuxFLAG (Luxembourg Fund

Labelling Agency), MFC (Microfinance Centre),

Sanabel, SFG (Sustainable Finance Geneva), SSF

(Swiss Sustainable Finance), The Smart Campaign,

CSAF (Council of Smallholder Agricultural Finance),

UNPRI, UNPRI PIIF (Prinicples for Investors in

Inclusive Finance)

500 000 3 000 000 Equity, debt RES Sub-Saharan Africa

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65 SADC PPDF Southern Africa Development

Community Project Preparation

and Development Facility

n.a. Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA) 250 000 n.a. Grant RES Southern Africa

66 SCAF Seed Capital Assistance Facility n.a. United Nations Environment Programme, the Asian

Development Bank and the African Development

Bank

200 000 2 500 000 Equity RES Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

67 SEFA Sustainable Energy Fund for Africa Network/partner: AfDB,

European DFIs, SE4ALL

Initiative

AfDB, Danish Government, Unites States 1 000 000 3 000 000 Grant, Equity RES Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

68 Solar for All Fund Solar For All Fund Bamboo Finance, Ashoka,

Bamboo Finance, and the

Canopus Foundation

EIB, Artemesia, Avina, and the elea, Lemelson,

Frey, Deutsche Bank of the Americas

Foundations

500 000 4 000 000 Equity RES - Solar

PV

Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,

Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,

Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao

Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,

South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland,

Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

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69 SREP CIF – Scaling Up Renewable

Energy in Low Income Countries

Program

the Strategic Climate Fund

(SCF), one of the two

Climate Investment Funds

(CIF)

UK, US, Japan, Germany, Canada, France, Norway,

Australia, Sweden, Spain, Netherlands, Denmark,

Switzerland, Korea

n.a. n.a. n.a. RES Benin Ethiopia Ghana Kenya Lesotho

Madagascar Liberia Sierra Leone Malawi

Tanzania Mali Rwanda Uganda Zambia

70 USADF The United States African

Development Foundation

US US n.a. 250 000 Grants RES Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi,

Cape Verde, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia,

Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria,

Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda,

Zambia, Zimbabwe

71 USTDA United States Trade and

Development Agency

US US 350 000 1 500 000 Grants RES Sub-Saharan Africa


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