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9 | X i n j

M[

IS

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= | X i n j

FZBB DIAJ ]IEZB LIPEI^IDSMEIK XISJB

JDO. Do. 98633809;865

AOMKBJ Do. 9. ;800=3:>;8 =. ;5=::9=8;:

JAIKB ]ieubaidsi.pitjbHnaikb.`oa

@OBBJNJ

DIAJM.P.XISJB XOB[SJ@DK@, NIDXIS ZDKVJ]PKS[.

ICC]JPP

95, Iamkgi Dinir Po`kjty, Xirt 9, Aidsi

Aidsi, Nulirit

Ckst. Nidcekdinir

M]ID@E AJ@EIDK@IB JDNKDJJ]KDN

PJAJPSJ] :

te

PJA. [JI] =89=-=890PKNDISZ]J

OF PSZCJDS]. L. Xitjb

FZBB DIAJ AIZBKG PEIGI]IMEIK XISJB

JDO. Do. 98633809;8:8

AOMKBJ Do. 9. ;::56>86>: =. ;3=;9:63==

JAIKB aiubkgpitjb6>:Hyieoo.`oa

@OBBJNJ

DIAJM.P.XISJB XOB[SJ@DK@, NIDXIS ZDKVJ]PKS[.

ICC]JPP

Zakyi Dinir Po`kjty, Iigeil

Iigeil, Ajesidi

Ckst. Ajesidi

M]ID@E AJ@EIDK@IB JDNKDJJ]KDN

PJAJPSJ] :te

PJA. [JI] =89=-=890

PKNDISZ]J

OF PSZCJDSA. P. Xitjb

7/29/2019 Analysis of Welding Defects in Steam Pipes

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0 | X i n j

FZBB DIAJ LI[ [ONJPEMEIK PEZGBI

JDO. Do. 98633809;808

AOMKBJ Do. 9. ;:>3;:08;6 =. 556653;=5;

JAIKB seugbiliyyHnaikb.`oa

@OBBJNJ

DIAJM.P.XISJB XOB[SJ@DK@, NIDXIS ZDKVJ]PKS[.

ICC]JPP

Djir of Sigtjsevir Sjapbj, Aidsi

Aidsi, Nulirit

Ckst. Nidcekdinir

M]ID@E AJ@EIDK@IB JDNKDJJ]KDN

PJAJPSJ] :te

PJA. [JI] =89=-=890

PKNDISZ]J

OF PSZCJDSL. [. Peugbi

FZBB DIAJ IMEKPEJG VKPEDZMEIK XISJB

JDO. Do. 98633809;86>

AOMKBJ Do. 9. ;:0>8888>= =.

JAIKB imekpitjb03:6Hnaikb.`oa

@OBBJNJ

DIAJM.P.XISJB XOB[SJ@DK@, NIDXIS ZDKVJ]PKS[.

ICC]JPP

C/Mbo`g, Zai Eostjb, Nidpit Zdkvjrskty

Gejrvi, Ajesidi

Froa Purit, Nuirit

M]ID@E AJ@EIDK@IB JDNKDJJ]KDN

PJAJPSJ] :te

PJA. [JI] =89=-=890

PKNDISZ]J

OF PSZCJDSI. V. Xitjb

7/29/2019 Analysis of Welding Defects in Steam Pipes

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

3 | X i n j

KDCZPS][ NZKCJ

DIAJ Ar. L. I. Xitjb ( Ludkor Jdnkdjjr )

@ODSI@SICC]JPP

NZLI]IS PSISJ JBJ@S]K@KS[ @O]XO]ISKOD BSC.,

NIDCEKDINI] SEJ]AIB XO^J] PSISKOD

NIDCEKDINI], NZLI]IS

AOMKBJ DO. ;;839:5>09

JAIKB li.pitjbHnsp`baikb.`oa

PKNDISZ]JOF NZKCJ

KDCZPS][DIAJ NIDCEKDINI] SEJ]AIB XO^J] PSISKOD (NSXP)

ICC]JPP

NZLI]IS PSISJ JBJ@S]K@KS[ @O]XO]ISKOD BSC.,

NIDCEKDINI] SEJ]AIB XO^J] PSISKOD

NIDCEKDINI] 05=898

NZLI]IS

XEODJ DO. 8>;-=0=9:660/=0=95=::/=0=9:663/=0=95=88

FIU DO. 8>;-=0=9>6>0/>3

JAIKB tj`e.ntpsHnjmaikb.`oa

DIAJ OFKDCZPS]KIB

JPSISJ

@OAXID[BONO

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

: | X i n j

Citj< - -

Seks ks to `jrtkfy teit tej ckssjrtitkod jdtktbjc ^JBCKDNCJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIBXO^J] XBIDS eis mjjd `irrkjc out my ]ieub Xitjb(98633809;865), Aiubkg Xitjb (98633809;8:8), Liy Peugbi(98633809;808), Imeksejg Xitjb (98633809;86>) stucjdts of VK(:te) sjajstjr of Aj`eidk`ib Jdnkdjjrkdn Cjpirtajdt of M. P.Xitjb Xobytj`edk`, Nidpit Zdkvjrskty, gejrvi. Zdcjr tejnukcid`j of Ar I. A. XISJB Pkr & Ar L. I. Xitjb (L.J)towircstej pirtkib fubfkbajdt of tej rjqukrjajdts for tej CkpboaiAj`eidk`ib Jdnkdjjrkdn.

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

6 | X i n j

Fkrstby, wj skd`jrjby teidg to Xrof. G. X. Xitjb, Ejic of Cjpirtajdt,

Aj`eidk`ib Cjpirtajdt, M. P. Xitjb Xobytj`edk`, Nidpit Zdkvjrskty for nkvkdn us

pjraksskod to KCX prolj`t, weo ibwiys boogkdn to provkcj nrjit trikdkdn to stucjdts

kd idy `isj, aotkvitj us to co soajtekdn jxtri-orckdiry.

^j irj ibso teidgfub to Ar. I. A. Xitjb, Xrofjssor of MPXX & Ar. L. I. Xitjb

(L.J), weo ejbpjc `odtkduousby kd our prolj`t my tejkr ud`oaproakskdn cjaidc for

quibkty idc mj`iusj of tejkr kdskstjd`j for ajjtkdn tej cjicbkdjs wj `id co su`e idjx`jbbjdt worg.

^j offjr out Ppj`kib nritktucj to tej jdtkrj MPXX @obbjnj fiakby for tejkr ejbp

idc support. ^j teidg teja for provkckdn us su`e i wira itaospejrj to aigj our

prolj`t trikdkdn cjbknetfub idc ajaorimbj.

]jnircs

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> | X i n j

^kte tej `orrj`t wjbckdn `odcktkods, tj`edkqujs idc aitjrkib quibkty

stidcircs, tej wjbckdn pro`jss wkbb ykjbc i vjry ekne quibkty wjbc cjposkt.

Eowjvjr, is wkte idy otejr wjbckdn pro`jss, wjbc cjfj`ts `id o``ur. Aost cjfj`ts

jd`oudtjrjc kd wjbckdn irj cuj to id kapropjr wjbckdn pro`jcurj. Od`j tej `iusjs

irj cjtjrakdjc, tej opjritor `id jiskby `orrj`t tej prombja.

Kt kd`bucjs kd`oapbjtj pjdjtritkod, kd`oapbjtj fuskod, udcjr`uttkdn, poroskty,

idc bodnktuckdib `ri`gkdn. Seks sj`tkod cjibs wkte tej `orrj`tkvj i`tkod teit seoubcmj tigjd.

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

5 | X i n j

@eiptjr Simbj of @odtjdts Xinj Do.

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

9

=

0

3

Ptucjdt Xirtk`ubirs

Kdcustry Xirtk`ubirs

@jrtkfk`itj

I`gdowbjcnjajdt

Imstri`t

Simbj of @odtjdts

Bkst of Fknurjs

Kdtrocu`tkod to Sejraib Xowjr Xbidt Pystjas

Kdtrocu`tkod to Xrolj`t

Cjtikb Cjs`rkptkod of Xrombja

Ajteoc of Dod-cjstru`tkvj ^jbc Jxiakditkod

=

3

:

6

>

5-;

98-99

9=

9:

96

=6

@eiptjr Pum-Simbj of @odtjdts Xinj Do.

0

0.9

0.=

0.0

0.3

0.:

0.6

0.>

Cjtikb cjs`rkptkod of prombja

Sypjs of `ri`gs

Ckstortkod

Nis kd`buskod

Pbin kd`buskod

Bi`g of Fuskod idc Kd`oapbjtj Xjdjtritkod

Biajbbir tjirkdn

Zdcjr`ut

96

9>

=9

==

==

=0

=3

=3

7/29/2019 Analysis of Welding Defects in Steam Pipes

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

; | X i n j

@eiptjr Pum-Simbj of @odtjdts Xinj Do.

3

3.9

3.=

3.0

3.3

3.:

3.6

3.>

3.5

3.;

3.98

3.99

3.9=

3.90

3.93

3.93.9

3.93.=

3.93.0

Ajteoc of Dod-cjstru`tkvj ^jbc Jxiakditkod

Kdtrocu`tkod

Vksuib Kdspj`tkod (VS)

]ickonripek` Kdspj`tkod (]S)

Aindjtk` Xirtk`bj Kdspj`tkod (AS)

Bkqukc Xjdjtridt Kdspj`tkod (XS)

Zbtrisodk` Kdspj`tkod (ZS)

Jccy @urrjdt Kdspj`tkod

Bjig Kdspj`tkod

^jbckdn Xro`jcurj Yuibkfk`itkod Kdspj`tkod

Xosktkvj Aitjrkib Kcjdtkfk`itkod

Eycrostitk` Kdspj`tkod

Nroudc Xjdjtritkdn ]icir Kdspj`tkod

Cknktib Kainkdn Kdspj`tkod

Kdspj`tkod my fobbowkdn Kdstruajdt

Fbisebknet Niunj

Aindkfykdn Nbiss

Zdcjr`ut & Xibanrkd Niunj

=>

=>

=5

08

0:

05

38

3=

33

33

3:

36

36

3>

35

:8

:8

:9

7/29/2019 Analysis of Welding Defects in Steam Pipes

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

98 | X i n j

Fkn. Do Fknurj Cjs`rkptkod Xinj Do.

9

=

0.9

0.=

0.0

0.3

0.:

0.6

0.>

0.5

3.9

3.=

3.0

3.3

3.:

3.6

3.>

3.5

3.;

Mbo`g Ckinria of @oib Fkrjc Sejraib Xbidt

^jbckdn cjfj`ts kd stjia pkpjs

Eit @ri`g

@obbj`tkod of wjbc cjfj`ts< @ri`gs

@obbj`tkod of ^jbc Cjfj`ts< Pobkc Kd`buskods

Bi`g of Fuskod

Kd`oapbjtj Xjdjtritkod

Zdcjr`ut

@obbj`tkod of ^jbc Cjfj`ts< Kd`oapbjtj Fuskod

@obbj`tkod of ^jbc Cjfj`ts< aks`jbbidjous

Euaid Jyj

Vksuib Kdspj`tkod

]ickonripey Kdspj`tkod

Ppj`kajd of ]S

U ]iy Sumj

Niaai ]iy Pour`j

Odsktj Cirgrooa ( ]S )

Ptinjs of Kdspj`tkod my Cknktib ]ickonripey

Aindjtk` Xirtk`bjs Sjstkdn ( AS )

90

9:

95

9;

=8

=0

=0

=3

=:

=6

=5

=;

08

08

00

00

00

03

0:

7/29/2019 Analysis of Welding Defects in Steam Pipes

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

99 | X i n j

3.98

3.99

3.9=

3.90

3.93

3.9:

3.96

3.9>

3.95

3.9;

3.=8

3.=9

3.==

3.=0

3.=3

3.=:

3.=6

3.=>

3.=5

3.=;

3.08

3.09

3.0=

^jt Fbuorjs`jdt AS ^jbc Kdck`itkod

AS Ai`ekdj

Bkqukc Xjdjtridt Kdspj`tkod ( XS )

Vkskmbj XS Kdck`itkod

Fbuorjs`jdt XS Kdck`itkod

Zbtrisodk` Kdspj`tkod ( ZS )

Zbtrisodk` Fbiw Cjtj`tor

Cknktib Sek`gdjss Niunj

Jccy @urrjdt Kdspj`tkod

Aubtk Frjqujd`y Jccy @urrjdt

Vi`uua Mox For Bjig Kdspj`tkod

XAK Kdstruajdt

Eycro Xuap & Cknktib Xrjssurj Niunj

Nroudc Xjdjtritkdn ]icir

Cknktib Kainkdn Kdspj`tkod

Ckspbiy of Cknktib Kainkdn Ai`ekdj

Fbisebknet

Aindkfykdn Nbiss

Cknktib ^jbckdn Niunj

^jbc Zdcjr`ut Niunj

Mrkcnj @ia Niunj

Iutoaitk` ^jbc Pkzj Niunj

Pkdnbj ^jbc Niunj

0>

0>

05

0;

0;

38

39

39

3=

30

33

3:

36

3>

35

35

:8

:8

:9

:9

:=

:=

:=

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

9= | X i n j

Xowjr idc Jdjrny irj muzz worcs kd tociys worbc. Jbj`trk`kty ks jajrnjc is misk` dj`jsskty wkte Fooc, Pejbtjr idc @botekdn for

euaid mjkdn.

Bkfj wkteout jbj`trk`kty eis mj`oaj ekneby udkainkdimbj. Jbj`trk` bo`oaotkvjs, Ejitkdn, @oobkdn, Fids, Mbowjrs, Aotors, Kbbuakditkod

irj soaj ippbk`itkods teit `odvjrts jbj`trk`ib jdjrny kdto usjfub worg.

Xronrjss of idy ditkod ks ajisurjc kd tjras of pjr `ipkti `odsuaptkod ofjbj`trk`ib jdjrny.(G^E `odsuajc pjr pjrsod pjr yjir)

Kdcki- :88 G^E /pjrsod pjr yjirZG- 9: tkajs teit of Kdcki

ZP- 08 tkajs teit of Kdcki

]jisods of Xopubirkty of jbj`trk`kty

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

90 | X i n j

Otejr sour`js - =8,888 A^

Sotib Kdstibbjc @ipi`kty - 9,;:,888 A^

Pour`js of Jbj`trk`ib Xowjr Njdjritkod

I. @odvjdtkodib Pour`js Sejraib (@oib) Du`bjir Nis ^itjr

M. Dod-`odvjdtkodib Pour`js ^kdc Pobir- XV Mkoaiss

Fkn. 9 Mbo`g Ckinria of @oib Fkrjc Sejraib Xbidt

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

93 | X i n j

@oib Misjc Sejraib Xowjr Xbidt

Kdcki eis rk`e sto`g of `oib is diturib rjsour`j. @ejak`ib jdjrny storjc kd `oib ks tridsforajc to jbj`trk`ib jdjrny.

@oib powcjr ks fkrjc kd mokbjr teit `odvjrts witjr kdto stjia it eknetjapjriturj idc prjssurj.

Seks stjia ks kdlj`tjc ovjr tej mbicjs of stjia turmkdj (prkaj aovjr) kd`odtrobbjc wiy idc ejd`j, rotor of 0 XE i.`. njdjritors rotitjs.

Aj`eidk`ib jdjrny ks `odvjrtjc kdto jbj`trk`ib jdjrny it ritjc vobtinj (98-08GV).

Zsjc stjia ks `oobjc cowd to witjr uskdn `oobkdn towjrs idc `odcjdsjrs. Seks prjejitjc witjr ks inikd kdlj`tjc kd mokbjr tumjs to `odvjrt mi`g to stjia. Fbuj nisjs irj pissjc kdto itaospejrj idc fkdj pirtk`bjs of ise irj `obbj`tjc

teroune JPX.

Ise (38% of `oib wjknet) ks `obbj`tjc idc tridsportjc to IEX.

Ajrkts of @oib Sejraib Xbidt

@oib ks `ejip idc ivikbimbj kd imudcid`j it prjsjdt. Kt ks i tkaj tjstjc pro`jss, so do jxpjrkajdtitkod ks rjqukrjc. Bjss spi`j rjqukrjc is `oapirjc to Eycro misjc Ptitkod idc bjss eizircous teid Du`bjir powjr pbidt. Bjss kdktkib `ost is `oapirjc to otejr `odvjdtkodib pro`jss of powjr

njdjritkod.

Cjajrkts of @oib Sejraib pbidt

@iborkfk` vibuj (G`ib/Gn) of Kdckid `oib ks vjry bow idc birnj ise `odtjdt.

Eunj vobuaj of ise ks procu`jc cikby idc kts cksposib ks murdkdn kssuj tociy. Itaospejrk` pobbutkod ks vjry ekne. Sridsportitkod of `oib to pbidt idc tridsaksskod of njdjritjc powjr to boic

@jdtrj kdvobvjs birnj jxpjdsjs.

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

9: | X i n j

Seks prolj`t worg ittjapts to stucy wjbckdn cjfj`ts kd stjia pkpjs of tejraib

powjr udkt. Sej aikd omlj`tkvj teks stucy ks to rjcu`j wjbckdn cjfj`ts kd stjia

pkpjs.

Kd `odstru`tkod of powjr pbidt wjbckdn ks ailor tj`edkquj for lokdkdn

ckffjrjdt pirts of tej jqukpajdt `oapodjdts bkgj mokbjr, witjr pkpjs, stjia pkpjs,

ckffjrjdt typjs of vibvjs, jt`. Kd sjvjrj rjnkaj teroune wek`e tej wjbckdn pro`jss

pro`jjcs, tej wjbcajdts irj bkgjby to mj iffj`tjc idc kf propjr `isj ks dot tigjd, tejy

irj bkgjby to jdc up wkte `jrtikd cjfj`ts. Curkdn or iftjr wjbckdn `jrtikd cjfj`ts

omsjrvjc bkgjs wjbckdn ckstortkod, `ri`gs, sbin kd`buskod, biajbbir tjirkdn, udcjr`ut

jt`

I``orckdn to tej Iajrk`id Po`kjty of Aj`eidk`ib Jdnkdjjrs (IPAJ) wjbckdn

cjfj`t `iusjs irj mrogjd cowd kdto tej fobbowkdn pjr`jdtinjs< 39% poor pro`jss

`odcktkods, 0=% opjritor jrror, 9=% wrodn tj`edkquj, 98% kd`orrj`t `odsuaimbjs,

idc :% mic wjbc nroovjs.

Fkn. =^jbckdn cjfj ts kd stjia pkpjs

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

96 | X i n j

I wjbckdn cjfj`t ks idy fbiw teit `oaproaksjs tej usjfubdjss of tej fkdksejcwjbcajdt.

^jbckdn cjfj`ts o``urs cuj to fobbowkdn rjisod Bodnktuckdib `ri`g

0.9.5 ]jejit `ri`gkdn

0.=Ckstortkod

0.0Nis kd`buskod

0.3Pbin Kd`buskod

0.:Bi`g of fuskod idc kd`oapbjtj pjdjtritkod

0.6Biajbbir tjirkdn

0.>Zdcjr`ut

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

9> | X i n j

Ir` strkgj `ri`gkdn o``urs wejd tej ir` ks stru`g mut tej spot ks dot

wjbcjc. Seks o``urs mj`iusj tej spot ks ejitjc imovj tej aitjrkibs uppjr

`rktk`ib tjapjriturj idc tejd jssjdtkibby qujd`ejc. Seks foras airtjdsktj,

wek`e ks mrkttbj, idc ak`ro-`ri`gs.

Kt njdjribby o``urs it rooa tjapjriturj iftjr tej wjbc ks `oapbjtjby

`oobjc. Seks `id mj njdjribby sjjd kd tej ejit iffj`tjc zodj. ]jskcuib strjssjs

`id rjcu`j tej strjdnte of tej misj aitjrkib, idc `id bjic to `itistropek`

fikburj teroune `obc `ri`gkdn, is kd tej `isj of sjvjrib of tej Bkmjrty sekps.

@obc `ri`gkdn odby o``urs wejd ibb tej fobbowkdn prj`odcktkods irj ajt

-sus`jptkmbj ak`rostru`turj (j.n. airtjdsktj)

-eycronjd prjsjdt kd tej ak`rostru`turj (eycronjd jamrkttbjajdt)

-sjrvk`j tjapjriturj jdvkrodajdt (doraib itaospejrk` prjssurj)988 to

+988 F.

@ritjr `ri`gs o``ur wejd i `ritjr ks dot fkbbjc mjforj tej ir` ks mrogjd.

Sej `jdtrj of tej wjbc poob mj`oajs sobkc mjforj tej outskcj of tej wjbc poob,

wek`e `rjitjs suffk`kjdt strjssjs to fora i `ri`g.

Eit `ri`gs njt tejkr diaj froa tej seipj of tej `ross-sj`tkod of tej wjbc,

mj`iusj tej wjbc fbirjs out it tej fi`j of tej wjbc. Sej `ri`g stirts it tej fuskod

bkdj idc jxtjdcs up teroune tej wjbc. Sejy irj usuibby `iusjc my too au`e

vobtinj or dot jdoune spjjc.

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95 | X i n j

Fkn. 0.9 Eit @ri`g

Seks typj of `ri`gs o``urs wejd tej wjbc stirts sobkckfykdn, kd tej pisty

stitj, is kt possjss vjry bkttbj strjdnte idc so rjskcuib boickdn ks bkgjby to `iusj

ks to mrigj mjforj kt eis fubby sobkckfkjc. Otejr `iusjs kd`bucj too ekne wjbckdn

`urrjdt, poor lokdt cjsknd teit cojs dot ckffusj ejit, kapurktkjs (su`e is

subpeur idc peospeorus), prjejitkdn, spjjc ks too fist, idc bodn ir`s.

Id udcjr mjic `ri`g, ibso gdowd is i ejit-iffj`tjc zodj (EI\) `ri`g,

ks i `ri`g teit foras i seort ckstid`j iwiy froa tej fuskod bkdj7 kt o``urs kd

bow ibboy idc ekne ibboy stjjb. Sej jxi`t `iusjs of teks typj of `ri`g irj dot

`oapbjtjby udcjrstooc, mut kt ks gdowd teit ckssobvjc eycronjd aust mj

prjsjdt. Sej otejr fi`tor teit iffj`ts teks typj of `ri`g ks kdtjrdib strjssjs

rjsubtkdn froa< udjquib `odtri`tkod mjtwjjd tej misj ajtib idc tej wjbc

ajtib, strjssjs froa tej foraitkod of airtjd sktj, idc strjssjs froa tej

prj`kpktitkod of eycronjd out of tej ajtib.

Bodnktuckdib `ri`gs rud ibodn tej bjdnte of i wjbc mjic. Sejrj irj

terjj typjs< `ej`g `ri`gs, root `ri`gs, idc fubb `jdtrjbkdj `ri`gs. @ej`g `ri`gs

irj vkskmbj froa tej surfi`j idc jxtjdc pirtkibby kdto wjbc. Sejy irj usuibby

`iusjc my ekne serkdginj strjssjs, jspj`kibby od fkdib pissjs, or my i eot

`ri`gkdn aj`eidksa. ]oot `ri`gs stirt it tej root idc jxtjdt pirt wiy kdto tejwjbc. Sejy irj tej aost `oaaod typj of bodnktuckdib `ri`g mj`iusj of tej

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9; | X i n j

saibb skzj of tej fkrst wjbc mjic. Kf teks typj of `ri`g ks dot iccrjssjc tejd kt

wkbb usuibby propinitj kdto sumsjqujdt wjbc pissjs, wek`e ks eow fubb

`jdtrjbkdj `ri`gs (i `ri`g froa tej root to tej surfi`j) usuibby fora.

]jejit `ri`gkdn ks i typj of `ri`gkdn teit o``urs kd EPBI stjjbs,

pirtk`ubirby `eroakua, aobymcjdua idc vidickua stjjbs, curkdn post

ejitkdn. Kt ks `iusjc my tej poor `rjjp cu`tkbkty of tej ejit iffj`tjc zodj. Idy

jxkstkdn cjfj`ts or dot`ejs innrivitj `ri`g foraitkod.

Fkn. 0.= @obbj`tkod of wjbc cjfj`ts< @ri`gs

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

=8 | X i n j

Fkn. 0.0 @obbj`tkod of ^jbc Cjfj`ts< Pobkc Kd`buskods

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=9 | X i n j

Id omlj`t ks sikc to mj ckstortjc wejd kt ks put out of seipj or kt mj`oajs ud-

seipjby. Curkdn wjbckdn, wejd wjbc ajtib ks cjposktjc, tej misj ajtib ks ejitjc

idc teus kt jxpidcs, idc, wejd iftjr tej wjbckdn, kt `oobs, tej misj ajtib pbus tej

wjbc ajtib serkdgs.

Kt ks tejrjforj omvkous teit tej serkdginj of i wjbcjc lokdt ks fir nrjitjr teid

tej jxpidskod. Seks dod udkfora jxpidskod idc `odtri`tkod of tej wjbc ajtib idc

tej icli`jdt misj ajtib wek`e o``urs curkdn tej ejitkdn idc `oobkdn `y`bj of tej

wjbckdn pro`jss rjsubts kd tej ckstortkod of i wjbcajdt.

So nikd kdsknet kdto eow misj ajtib jxpidskod idc misj ajtib pbus wjbc

ajtib serkdginj `iusj ckstortkod, kt ks ejbpfub to boog it

(I) ^eit eippjds to misj ajtib, idc

(M) ^eit eippjds to misj ajtib pbus wjbc ajtib

(k) Curkdn wjbckdn, tej misj ajtib djir tej ir` ks ejitjc to tej ajbtkdn pokdt. I fjw

`jdtkajtrjs iwiy, tej tjapjriturj of tej misj ajtib ks sumstidtkibby bowjr.

Seks seirp tjapjriturj ckffjrjdtkib `iusjs dod udkfora jxpidskod fobbowjc

my misj ajtib aovjajdt, or ajtib ckspbi`jajdt kf tej pirts mjkdn lokdjc irj

rjstrikdjc. Ibso, tej jxpidskod of tej eottjr misj ajtib (k.j., wek`e ks djirjr tej

wjbckdn ir`) ks sumlj`t to rjstrikdt, cuj to tej rjskstid`j of `oapiritkvjby `obcjr

ajtib iwiy froa tej wjbckdn ir`. Sej ajtib djirjr tej ir` jxpidcs aorj teid teit

iwiy froa tej ir`.

Is tej ir` pissjs cowd tej lokdt, teus rjaovkdn tej sour`j of ejit, tej misj

ajtib mjnkds to `oob idc serkdg. Kf tej surroudckdn ajtib rjstrikds tej icli`jdt misj

ajtib froa `odtri`tkdn doraibby, kdtjrdib strjssjs mukbc up. Sejsj `oamkdj wkte tej

strjssjs cjvjbopjc kd tej wjbc ajtib idc kd`rjisj tej tjdcjd`y to ckstort.

Sej vobuaj of teks icli`jdt misj ajtib wek`e `odtrkmutjs to ckstortkod `id mj

`odtrobbjc my wjbckdn pro`jcurjs. I`ekjvkdn eknejr wjbckdn spjjcs teroune tej usj

of powcjrjc krod typj aiduib jbj`trocjs idc sjakiutoaitk` or fubby iutoaitk`

jqukpajdt uskdn sumajrnjc ir` or sjbf-sekjbcjc wjbckdn rjcu`js tej iaoudt of

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== | X i n j

icli`jdt aitjrkib teit ks iffj`tjc my tej ejit of tej ir` idc pronrjsskvjby cj`rjisjs

ckstortkod.

(kk) Curkdn aost of tej wjbckdn, fkbbjr ajtib ks iccjc froa tej jbj`trocj. Sej aobtjd

fkbbjr ajtib idc ajbtjc misj ajtib `oamkdj to fora tej wjbc ajtib. Lust is tej wjbc

ajtib sobkckfkjs, kt ks kd kts aixkaua jxpidcjc stitj i`tuibby o``upykdn tej nrjitjst

vobuaj kt `id o``upy is i sobkc.

Zpod `oobkdn, kt ittjapts to `odtri`t to tej vobuaj kt woubc doraibby o``upy

it tej bowjr tjapjriturj, mut ks rjstrikdjc froa cokdn so my tej icli`jdt misj ajtib.

It tej tkaj tej wjbc rji`ejs rooa tjapjriturj issuakdn `oapbjtj rjstrikdt of tej

misj ajtib so teit kt `iddot aovj tej wjbc tjdcs to eivj bo`gjckd tjdskbj strjssjs

ipproxkaitjby jquib to tej ykjbc strjdnte.

Kf odj or aorj of tej rjstrikdts irj rjaovjc su`e is `biaps eobckdn tejworgpkj`j tej bo`gjc kd strjssjs fkdc pirtkib rjbkjf my `iuskdn tej misj ajtib to aovj

teus cjforakdn or ckstortkdn tej wjbcajdt.

So @od`bucj

(k) Zdjquib jxpidskod idc `odtri`tkod cuj to dod-udkfora (wjbckdn) ejitkdn,

rjstrikdt froa wktekd tej misj ajtib, rjstrikdt cuj to otejr stru`turib ajamjrs

lokdjc wkte tej misj ajtib mjkdn wjbcjc tjdc to pubb misj ajtib out of orknkdib

ibkndajdt idc `iusj ckstortkod.(kk) Ckstortkod of ibb gkdcs kd`rjisjs wkte tej vobuaj of ajtib cjposktjc.

Nis kd`buskods irj i wkcj virkjty of cjfj`ts teit kd`bucjs poroskty mbow eobjs,

idc pkpjs (or woraeobjs). Sej udcjrbykdn `iusj for nis kd`buskods ks tej jdtripajdt

of nis wktekd tej sobkckfkjc wjbc. Nis foraitkod `id mj froa idy of tej fobbowkdn

`iusjs< ekne subfur `odtjdt kd tej worg pkj`j or jbj`trocj, jx`jsskvj aoksturj froa

tej jbj`trocj or worgpkj`j, too seort of id ir`, or wrodn wjbckdn `urrjdt or pobirkty.

Pbin ks forajc my tej rji`tkod wkte fbuxjs, teit ks wey teks typj of cjfj`t

usuibby o``urs wjbckdn pro`jssjs teit usj fbux, su`e is sekjbcjc ajtib ir`kdwjbckdn, fbux-`orjc ir` wjbckdn, idc sumajrnjc ir` wjbckdn. Seks cjfj`t usuibby

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=0 | X i n j

o``urs kd wjbcs teit rjqukrj aubtkpbj pissjs idc tejrj ks poor ovjrbip mjtwjjd tej

wjbcs.

Bi`g of fuskod ks tej poor icejskod of tej wjbc mjic to tej misj ajtib idc

kd`oapbjtj pjdjtritkod ks i wjbc mjic teit cojs dot stirt it tej root of tej wjbc

nroovj. Kd`oapbjtj pjdjtritkod foras `eiddjbs idc `rjvk`js kd tej root of tej wjbc

wek`e `id `iusj sjrkous kssujs kd pkpjs mj`iusj `orroskvj sumstid`js `id sjttbj kd

tejsj irjis. Sejsj typjs of cjfj`ts o``ur wejd tej wjbckdn pro`jcurjs irj dot

icejrjc to7 posskmbj `iusjs kd`bucj tej `urrjdt sjttkdn, ir` bjdnte, jbj`trocj idnbj,

idc jbj`trocj aidkpubitkod.

Fkn. 0.3 Bi`g of Fuskod

Fkn. 0.: Kd`oapbjtj Xjdjtritkod

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=3 | X i n j

Kt ks njdjribby sjjd it tej jcnj of tej ejit iffj`tjc zodj . Kt ippjirs is i bodn

idc `odtkduous vksuib sjpiritkod bkdj mjtwjjd tej misj ajtib idc ejit iffj`tjc zodj.

Seks ks `iusjc my tej prjsjd`j of tej jbodnitjc kd`buskod su`e is Ad, Fj idc Pkd tej misj ajtib.

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

=: | X i n j

Fkn. 0.> @obbj`tkod of ^jbc Cjfj`ts< Kd`oapbjtj Fuskod

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=6 | X i n j

fkn. 0.5 `obbj`tkod of wjbc cjfj`ts< aks`jbbidjous

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=> | X i n j

Sej pekbosopey teit oftjd nukcjs tej fimrk`itkod of wjbcjc issjambkjs idc

stru`turjs ks "to issurj wjbc quibkty." Eowjvjr, tej tjra "wjbc quibkty" ks rjbitkvj.

Sej ippbk`itkod cjtjrakdjs weit ks nooc or mic. Njdjribby, idy wjbc ks of nooc

quibkty kf kt ajjts ippjirid`j rjqukrjajdts idc wkbb `odtkduj kdcjfkdktjby to co tej

lom for wek`e kt ks kdtjdcjc. Sej fkrst stjp kd issurkdn wjbc quibkty ks to cjtjrakdjtej cjnrjj rjqukrjc my tej ippbk`itkod. I stidcirc seoubc mj jstimbksejc misjc od

tej sjrvk`j rjqukrjajdts.

Ptidcircs cjskndjc to kapirt wjbc quibkty aiy ckffjr froa lom to lom, mut tej

usj of ipproprkitj jxiakditkod tj`edkqujs `id provkcj issurid`j teit tej ippbk`imbj

stidcircs irj mjkdn ajt. ^eitjvjr tej stidcirc of quibkty, ibb wjbcs seoubc mj

kdspj`tjc, jvjd kf tej kdspj`tkod kdvobvjs dotekdn aorj teid tej wjbcjr boogkdn ovjreks owd worg iftjr ji`e wjbc piss. I nooc-boogkdn wjbc surfi`j ippjirid`j ks

aidy tkajs `odskcjrjc kdck`itkvj of ekne wjbc quibkty. Eowjvjr, surfi`j

ippjirid`j ibodj cojs dot issurj nooc worgaidsekp or kdtjrdib quibkty.

Dod-cjstru`tkvj jxiakditkod (DCJ) ajteocs of kdspj`tkod aigj kt posskmbj

to vjrkfy `oapbkid`j to tej stidcircs od id od-nokdn misks my jxiakdkdn tej surfi`j

idc sumsurfi`j of tej wjbc idc surroudckdn misj aitjrkib. Fkvj misk` ajteocs irj

`oaaodby usjc to jxiakdj fkdksejc wjbcs< vksuib, bkqukc pjdjtridt, aindjtk`

pirtk`bj, ubtrisodk` idc rickonripek` (U-riy). Sej nrowkdn usj of `oaputjrkzitkod

wkte soaj ajteocs provkcjs iccjc kainj jdeid`jajdt, idc ibbows rjib-tkaj or

djir rjib-tkaj vkjwkdn, `oapirj i`tkvj kdspj`tkods idc ir`ekvib `ipimkbktkjs. I

rjvkjw of ji`e ajteoc wkbb ejbp kd cj`kckdn wek`e pro`jss or `oamkditkod of

pro`jssjs to usj for i spj`kfk` lom idc kd pjrforakdn tej jxiakditkod aost

jffj`tkvjby.

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=5 | X i n j

Vksuib kdspj`tkod ks oftjd tej aost `ost-jffj`tkvj ajteoc, mut kt aust tigj

pbi`j prkor to, curkdn idc iftjr wjbckdn. Aidy stidcircs rjqukrj kts usj mjforj otejr

ajteocs, mj`iusj tejrj ks do pokdt kd sumakttkdn id omvkousby mic wjbc tosopekstk`itjc kdspj`tkod tj`edkqujs. Sej IDPK/I^P C9.9, Ptru`turib ^jbckdn

@ocj-Ptjjb, stitjs, "^jbcs sumlj`t to dod-cjstru`tkvj jxiakditkod seibb eivj mjjd

foudc i``jptimbj my vksuib kdspj`tkod." Vksuib kdspj`tkod rjqukrjs bkttbj jqukpajdt.

Iskcj froa nooc jyjsknet idc suffk`kjdt bknet, ibb kt tigjs ks i po`gjt rubj, i wjbc skzj

niunj, i aindkfykdn nbiss, idc posskmby i striknet jcnj idc squirj for `ej`gkdn

striknetdjss, ibkndajdt idc pjrpjdck`ubirkty.

Fkn. 3.9 Euaid Jyj

Mjforj tej fkrst wjbckdn ir` ks stru`g, aitjrkibs seoubc mj jxiakdjc to sjj kf

tejy ajjt spj`kfk`itkods for quibkty, typj, skzj, `bjidbkdjss idc frjjcoa froa cjfj`ts.

Nrjisj, pikdt, okb, oxkcj fkba or ejivy s`ibj seoubc mj rjaovjc. Sej pkj`js to mj

lokdjc seoubc mj `ej`gjc for fbitdjss, striknetdjss idc ckajdskodib i``uri`y.

Bkgjwksj, ibkndajdt, fkt-up idc lokdt prjpiritkod seoubc mj jxiakdjc. Fkdibby,

pro`jss idc pro`jcurj virkimbjs seoubc mj vjrkfkjc, kd`buckdn jbj`trocj skzj idctypj, jqukpajdt sjttkdns idc provkskods for prjejit or postejit. Ibb of tejsj

prj`iutkods ippby rjnircbjss of tej kdspj`tkod ajteoc mjkdn usjc. Curkdn

fimrk`itkod, vksuib jxiakditkod of i wjbc mjic idc tej jdc `ritjr aiy rjvjib

prombjas su`e is `ri`gs, kdicjquitj pjdjtritkod, idc nis or sbin kd`buskods. Iaodn

tej wjbc cjtj`ts teit `id mj rj`ondkzjc vksuibby irj `ri`gkdn, surfi`j sbin kd

kd`buskods, surfi`j poroskty idc udcjr`ut.

Od skapbj wjbcs, kdspj`tkdn it tej mjnkddkdn of ji`e opjritkod idc

pjrkock`ibby is worg pronrjssjs aiy mj icjquitj. ^ejrj aorj teid odj biyjr of

fkbbjr ajtib ks mjkdn cjposktjc, eowjvjr, kt aiy mj cjskrimbj to kdspj`t ji`e biyjr

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

=; | X i n j

mjforj cjposktkdn tej djxt. Sej root piss of i aubtkpiss wjbc ks tej aost `rktk`ib to

wjbc soudcdjss. Kt ks jspj`kibby sus`jptkmbj to `ri`gkdn, idc mj`iusj kt sobkckfkjs

quk`gby, kt aiy trip nis idc sbin. Od sumsjqujdt pissjs, `odcktkods `iusjc my tej

seipj of tej wjbc mjic or `eidnjs kd tej lokdt `odfknuritkod `id `iusj furtejr

`ri`gkdn, is wjbb is udcjr`ut idc sbin trippkdn. ]jpikr `osts `id mj akdkakzjc kfvksuib kdspj`tkod cjtj`ts tejsj fbiws mjforj wjbckdn pronrjssjs. Vksuib kdspj`tkod it

id jirby stinj of procu`tkod `id ibso prjvjdt udcjr-wjbckdn idc ovjr-wjbckdn.

^jbcs teit irj saibbjr teid `ibbjc for kd tej spj`kfk`itkods `iddot mj tobjritjc. Mjics

teit irj too birnj kd`rjisj `osts uddj`jssirkby idc `id `iusj ckstortkod teroune

iccjc serkdginj strjss.

Iftjr wjbckdn, vksuib kdspj`tkod `id cjtj`t i virkjty of surfi`j fbiws,

kd`buckdn `ri`gs, poroskty idc udfkbbjc `ritjrs, rjnircbjss of sumsjqujdt kdspj`tkod

pro`jcurjs. Ckajdskodib virkid`js, wirpinj idc ippjirid`j fbiws, is wjbb is wjbcskzj `eiri`tjrkstk`s, `id mj jvibuitjc. Mjforj `ej`gkdn for surfi`j fbiws, wjbcs aust

mj `bjidjc of sbin. Peot-mbistkdn seoubc dot mj codj mjforj jxiakditkod, mj`iusj tej

pjjdkdn i`tkod aiy sjib fkdj `ri`gs idc aigj teja kdvkskmbj. Sej I^P C9.9

Ptru`turib ^jbckdn @ocj, for jxiapbj, cojs dot ibbow pjjdkdn "od tej root or

surfi`j biyjr of tej wjbc or tej misj ajtib it tej jcnjs of tej wjbc."

Vksuib kdspj`tkod `id odby bo`itj cjfj`ts kd tej wjbc surfi`j. Ppj`kfk`itkods or

ippbk`imbj `ocjs aiy rjqukrj teit tej kdtjrdib portkod of tej wjbc idc iclokdkdn

ajtib zodjs ibso mj jxiakdjc. Dod-cjstru`tkvj jxiakditkods aiy mj usjc tocjtjrakdj tej prjsjd`j of i fbiw, mut tejy `iddot ajisurj kts kdfbujd`j od tej

sjrvk`jimkbkty of tej procu`t udbjss tejy irj misjc od i `orrjbitkod mjtwjjd tej fbiw

idc soaj `eiri`tjrkstk` teit iffj`ts sjrvk`j. Otejrwksj, cjstru`tkvj tjsts irj tej odby

surj wiy to cjtjrakdj wjbc sjrvk`jimkbkty.

Fkn. 3.= Vksuib Kdspj`tkod

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

08 | X i n j

]ickonripey (U-riy) ks odj of tej aost kaportidt, vjrsitkbj idc wkcjby

i``jptjc of ibb tej dod-cjstru`tkvj jxiakditkod ajteocs - Fkn. 3.0.

Fkn. 3.0 -]ickonripeyks odj of tej aost kaportidt, vjrsitkbj idc wkcjby

i``jptjc jxiakditkod ajteocs.

Fkn. 3.3- Sek`gjr irjis of i spj`kajd mjkdn x-riyjc or eknejr cjdskty aitjrkib

imsorms aorj rickitkod idc tej `orrjspodckdn irjis od tej rickonripe wkbb mj

bknetjr.

U-riy ks usjc to cjtjrakdj tej kdtjrdib soudcdjss of wjbcs. Sej tjra 'U-riy

quibkty," wkcjby usjc to kdck`itj ekne quibkty kd wjbcs, irksjs froa teks kdspj`tkodajteoc.

]ickonripey ks misjc od tej imkbkty of U-riys idc niaai riys to piss

teroune ajtib idc otejr aitjrkibs opiquj to orckdiry bknet, idc procu`j

peotonripek` rj`orcs of tej tridsakttjc rickidt jdjrny. Ibb aitjrkibs wkbb imsorm

gdowd iaoudts of teks rickidt jdjrny idc, tejrjforj, U-riys idc niaai riys `id mj

usjc to seow cks`odtkduktkjs idc kd`buskods wktekd tej opiquj aitjrkib. Sej

pjraidjdt fkba rj`orc of tej kdtjrdib `odcktkods wkbb seow tej misk` kdforaitkod my

wek`e wjbc soudcdjss `id mj cjtjrakdjc.

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U-riys irj procu`jc my ekne-vobtinj njdjritors. Is tej ekne vobtinj ippbkjc

to id U-riy tumj ks kd`rjisjc, tej wivjbjdnte of tej jakttjc U-riy mj`oajs seortjr,

provkckdn aorj pjdjtritkdn powjr. Niaai riys irj procu`jc my tej itoak`ckskdtjnritkod of rickoksotopjs. Sej rickoi`tkvj ksotopjs aost wkcjby usjc kd

kdcustrkib rickonripey irj @omibt 68 idc Krkckua 9;=. Niaai riys jakttjc froa

tejsj ksotopjs irj skakbir to U-riys, jx`jpt tejkr wivjbjdntes irj usuibby seortjr.

Seks ibbows teja to pjdjtritj to nrjitjr cjptes teid U-riys of tej siaj powjr,

eowjvjr, jxposurj tkajs irj `odskcjrimby bodnjr cuj to tej bowjr kdtjdskty. ^ejd

U-riys or niaai riys irj ckrj`tjc it i sj`tkod of wjbcajdt, dot ibb of tej rickitkod

pissjs teroune tej ajtib. Ckffjrjdt aitjrkibs, cjpjdckdn od tejkr cjdskty, tek`gdjss

idc itoak` duamjr, wkbb imsorm ckffjrjdt wivjbjdntes of rickidt jdjrny.

Sej cjnrjj to wek`e tej ckffjrjdt aitjrkibs imsorm tejsj riys cjtjrakdjs tej

kdtjdskty of tej riys pjdjtritkdn teroune tej aitjrkib. ^ejd virkitkods of tejsj riys

irj rj`orcjc, i ajids of sjjkdn kdskcj tej aitjrkib ks ivikbimbj. Sej kainj od i

cjvjbopjc peoto-sjdsktkzjc fkba ks gdowd is i rickonripe. Sej opiquj aitjrkib

imsorms i `jrtikd iaoudt of rickitkod, mut wejrj tejrj ks i tekd sj`tkod or i vokc

(sbin kd`buskod or poroskty), bjss imsorptkod tigjs pbi`j. Sejsj irjis wkbb ippjir

cirgjr od tej rickonripe. Sek`gjt irjis of tej spj`kajd or eknejr cjdskty aitjrkib

(tudnstjd kd`buskod), wkbb imsorm aorj rickitkod idc tejkr `orrjspodckdn irjis od

tej rickonripe wkbb mj bknetjr - Fkn. =.

^ejtejr kd tej seop or kd tej fkjbc, tej rjbkimkbkty idc kdtjrprjtkvj vibuj of

rickonripek` kainjs irj i fud`tkod of tejkr seirpdjss idc `odtrist. Sej imkbkty of id

omsjrvjr to cjtj`t i fbiw cjpjdcs od tej seirpdjss of kts kainj idc kts `odtrist wkte

tej mi`gnroudc. So mj surj teit tej rickonripek` jxposurj procu`js i``jptimbj

rjsubts, i niunj gdowd is id Kainj Yuibkty Kdck`itor (KYK) ks pbi`jc od tej pirt so

teit kts kainj wkbb mj procu`jc od tej rickonripe.

KYbs usjc to cjtjrakdj rickonripek` quibkty irj ibso `ibbjc pjdjtroajtjrs. I

stidcirc eobj-typj pjdjtroajtjr ks i rj`tidnubir pkj`j of ajtib wkte terjj crkbbjc

eobjs of sjt ckiajtjrs. Sej tek`gdjss of tej pkj`j of ajtib ks i pjr`jdtinj of tej

tek`gdjss of tej spj`kajd mjkdn rickonripejc. Sej ckiajtjr of ji`e eobj ks ckffjrjdt

idc ks i nkvjd aubtkpbj of tej pjdjtroajtjr tek`gdjss. ^krj-typj pjdjtroajtjrs irj

ibso wkcjby usjc, jspj`kibby outskcj tej Zdktjc Ptitjs. Sejy `odskst of sjvjrib pkj`js

of wkrj, ji`e of i ckffjrjdt ckiajtjr. Pjdsktkvkty ks cjtjrakdjc my tej saibbjst

ckiajtjr of wkrj teit `id mj `bjirby sjjd od tej rickonripe. I pjdjtroajtjr ks dot id

kdck`itor or niunj to ajisurj tej skzj of i cks`odtkdukty or tej akdkaua cjtj`timbj

fbiw skzj. Kt ks id kdck`itor of tej quibkty of tej rickonripek` tj`edkquj. ]ickonripek`kainjs irj dot ibwiys jisy to kdtjrprjt. Fkba-eidcbkdn airgs idc strjigs, fon idc

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spots `iusjc my cjvjbopkdn jrrors aiy aigj kt ckffk`ubt to kcjdtkfy cjfj`ts. Pu`e fkba

irtkfi`ts aiy aisg wjbc cks`odtkduktkjs.

Purfi`j cjfj`ts wkbb seow up od tej fkba idc aust mj rj`ondkzjc. Mj`iusj tej

idnbj of jxposurj wkbb ibso kdfbujd`j tej rickonripe, kt ks ckffk`ubt or kaposskmbj to

jvibuitj fkbbjt wjbcs my teks ajteoc. Mj`iusj i rickonripe `oaprjssjs ibb tej cjfj`ts

teit o``ur terouneout tej tek`gdjss of tej wjbc kdto odj pbidj, kt tjdcs to nkvj id

jxinnjritjc kaprjsskod of s`ittjrjc-typj cjfj`ts su`e is poroskty or kd`buskods.

Id U-riy kainj of tej kdtjrkor of i wjbc aiy mj vkjwjc od i fbuorjs`jdt

s`rjjd, is wjbb is od cjvjbopjc fkba. Seks aigjs kt posskmbj to kdspj`t pirts fistjr

idc it bowjr `ost, mut kainj cjfkdktkod ks mut kainj cjfkdktkod ks posskmbj to

ovjr`oaj aidy of tej seort`oakdns of rickonripek` kainkdn my bkdgkdn tej

fbuorjs`jdt s`rjjd wkte i vkcjo `iajri. Kdstjic of wiktkdn for fkba to mj cjvjbopjc,

tej kainjs `id mj vkjwjc kd rjib tkaj. Seks `id kaprovj quibkty idc rjcu`j `osts od

procu`tkod ippbk`itkods su`e is pkpj wjbckdn, wejrj i prombja `id mj kcjdtkfkjc

idc `orrj`tjc quk`gby.

My cknktkzkdn tej kainj idc boickdn kt kdto i `oaputjr, tej kainj `id mj

jdeid`jc idc idibysjc to i cjnrjj djvjr mjforj posskmbj. Aubtkpbj kainjs `id mj

supjrkaposjc. Xkxjb vibujs `id mj iclustjc to `eidnj seickdn idc `odtrist, mrkdnkdn

out saibb fbiws idc cks`odtkduktkjs teit woubc dot seow up od fkba. @obours `id mj

isskndjc to tej virkous seicjs of nrjy to furtejr jdeid`j tej kainj idc aigj fbiws

stidc out mjttjr. Sej pro`jss of cknktkzkdn id kainj tigjd froa tej fbuorjs`jdt

s`rjjd - eivkdn teit kainj `oaputjr jdeid`jc idc tridsfjrrjc to i vkjwkdn aodktor

- tigjs odby i fjw sj`odcs. Eowjvjr, mj`iusj tejrj ks i tkaj cjbiy, wj `id do bodnjr

`odskcjr teks "rjib tkaj." Kt ks `ibbjc "rickos`opy kainjry."

Jxkstkdn fkbas `id mj cknktkzjc to i`ekjvj tej siaj rjsubts idc kaprovj tej

idibysks pro`jss. Idotejr icvidtinj ks tej imkbkty to ir`ekvj kainjs od bisjr optk`ib

cksgs, wek`e tigj up fir bjss spi`j teid viubts of obc fkbas idc irj au`e jiskjr to

rj`ibb wejd djjcjc. Kdcustrkib rickonripey, tejd, ks id kdspj`tkod ajteoc uskdn U

riys idc niaai riys is i pjdjtritkdn ajckua, idc cjdsktkzjc fkba is i rj`orckdn

ajckua, to omtikd i peotonripek` rj`orc of kdtjrdib quibkty. Njdjribby, cjfj`ts kd

wjbcs `odskst jktejr of i vokc kd tej wjbc ajtib ktsjbf or id kd`buskod teit ckffjrs kd

cjdskty froa tej surroudckdn wjbc ajtib.

]ickonripek` jqukpajdt procu`js rickitkod teit `id mj eirafub to mocy

tkssuj kd jx`jsskvj iaoudts, so ibb sifjty prj`iutkods seoubc mj fobbowjc `bosjby. Ibb

kdstru`tkods seoubc mj fobbowjc `irjfubby to i`ekjvj sitksfi`tory rjsubts. Odby

pjrsoddjb weo irj trikdjc kd rickitkod sifjty idc quibkfkjc is kdcustrkib

rickonripejrs seoubc mj pjrakttjc to co rickonripek` tjstkdn.

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Fkn. 3.: 0=8 GV fkxjc U-riy Sumj Fkn. 3.6 Krkckua 9;= niaai riy sour`j

Fkn. 3.> Odsktj Cirgrooa ( ]S )

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Fkn. 3.5 Ptinjs of Iutoaitk` Kdspj`tkod my Cknktib ]ickonripey

]ickonripek` Kainj I`quksktkod , 5Q. ( Fkn. 3.5 )

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]ickonripey ks usjc wejd vobuajtrk` kdspj`tkods irj dj`jssiry to kdsurj pirt

rjbkimkbkty. ^j irj jqukppjc wkte i portimbj 968 GV x-riy tumj, i fkxjc 0=8 GV x-riy

tumj, Krkckua 9;= idc @omibt 68 Niaai riy sour`js wek`e provkcj us wkte i wkcj

ridnj of `ipimkbktkjs froa saibb jbj`trk` `oapodjdts to 5 kd`ejs of

stjjb. ]ickonripek` Sjstkdn idc Kdcustrkib ]ickonripey irj Dod-Cjstru`tkvjSjstkdn ajteoc of kdspj`tkdn aitjrkibs for ekccjd fbiws my uskdn tej imkbkty of x-

riys to pjdjtritj virkous aitjrkibs.

Fkba pro`jsskdn ks i``oapbksejc my id iutoaitk` pro`jssor it our fi`kbkty is

wjbb is i portimbj cirgrooa wejd kaajckitj rjsubts irj djjcjc kd tej fkjbc.

Aindjtk` pirtk`bj kdspj`tkod ks i ajteoc of bo`itkdn idc cjfkdkdn

cks`odtkduktkjs kd aindjtk` aitjrkibs. Kt ks jx`jbbjdt for cjtj`tkdn surfi`j cjfj`ts kd

wjbcs, kd`buckdn cks`odtkduktkjs teit irj too saibb to mj sjjd wkte tej digjc jyj, idc

teosj teit irj sbknetby sumsurfi`j.

Seks ajteoc aiy mj usjc to kdspj`t pbitj jcnjs prkor to wjbckdn, kd pro`jss

kdspj`tkod of ji`e wjbc piss or biyjr, post-wjbc jvibuitkod idc to kdspj`t rjpikrs -Fkn. 3.5.

Fkn. 3.;- Ippbk`itkods for Aindjtk` Xirtk`bj Sjstkdn kd`bucj kdspj`tkdn pbitj jcnjs

prkor to wjbckdn, kd pro`jss kdspj`tkod of ji`e wjbc-piss or biyjr, post wjbc

jvibuitkod idc rjpikrs.

Kt ks i nooc ajteoc for cjtj`tkdn surfi`j `ri`gs of ibb skzjs kd mote tej wjbc

idc icli`jdt misj ajtib, sumsurfi`j `ri`gs, kd`oapbjtj fuskod, udcjr`ut idckdicjquitj pjdjtritkod kd tej wjbc, is wjbb is cjfj`ts od tej rjpikrjc jcnjs of tej

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misj ajtib. Ibteoune aindjtk` pirtk`bj tjstkdn seoubc dot mj i sumstktutj for

rickonripey or ubtrisodk` for sumsurfi`j jvibuitkods, kt aiy prjsjdt id icvidtinj

ovjr tejkr ajteocs kd cjtj`tkdn tknet `ri`gs idc surfi`j cks`odtkduktkjs.

^kte teks ajteoc, promjs irj usuibby pbi`jc od ji`e skcj of tej irji to mj

kdspj`tjc, idc ekne iapjrinj ks pissjc teroune tej worgpbi`j mjtwjjd teja. I

aindjtk` fbux ks procu`jc it dknet idnbjs to tej fbow of `urrjdt - Fkn. 3.;. ^ejd tejsj

bkdjs of for`j jd`oudtjr i cks`odtkdukty, su`e is i bodnktuckdib `ri`g. Sejy irj

ckvjrtjc idc bjig teroune tej surfi`j, `rjitkdn aindjtk` pobjs or pokdts of

ittri`tkod. I aindjtk` powcjr custjc odto tej surfi`j wkbb `bkdn to tej bjiginj irji

aorj tjdi`kousby teid jbsjwejrj, forakdn id kdck`itkod of tej cks`odtkdukty.

For teks kdck`itkod to cjvjbop, tej cks`odtkdukty aust mj idnbjc inikdst tej

aindjtk` bkdjs of for`j. Seus, wejd `urrjdt ks pissjc bodnktuckdibby teroune i

worgpkj`j, odby bodnktuckdib fbiws wkbb seow. Xuttkdn tej worgpkj`j kdskcj i

sobjdokc `okb wkbb `rjitj bodnktuckdib bkdjs of for`j (Fkn. 3.;) teit `iusj tridsvjrsj idc

idnubir `ri`gs to mj`oaj vkskmbj wejd tej aindjtk` powcjr ks ippbkjc.

Ibteoune au`e skapbjr to usj teid rickonripek` kdspj`tkod, tej aindjtk`

pirtk`bj ajteoc ks bkaktjc to usj wkte fjrroaindjtk` aitjrkibs idc `iddot mj usjc

wkte iustjdktk` stjjbs. I lokdt mjtwjjd i misj ajtib idc i wjbc ajtib of ckffjrjdt

aindjtk` `eiri`tjrkstk`s wkbb `rjitj aindjtk` cks`odtkduktkjs teit aiy mj fibsjby

kdtjrprjtjc is udsoudc. Od tej otejr eidc i truj cjfj`t `id mj oms`urjc my tej

powcjr `bkdnkdn ovjr tej eirabjss aindjtk` cks`odtkdukty. Pjdsktkvkty cj`rjisjs

wkte tej skzj of tej cjfj`t idc ks ibso bjss wkte roudc foras su`e is nis po`gjts. Kt ks

mjst wkte jbodnitjc foras, su`e is `ri`gs, idc ks bkaktjc to surfi`j fbiws idc soaj

sumsurfi`j fbiws, aostby od tekddjr aitjrkibs.

Mj`iusj tej fkjbc aust mj ckstortjc suffk`kjdtby to `rjitj tej jxtjrdib bjiginj

rjqukrjc to kcjdtkfy fbiws, tej fkdj, jbodnitjc cks`odtkduktkjs, su`e is eikrbkdj `ri`gs,

sjias or kd`buskods teit irj piribbjb to tej aindjtk` fkjbc, wkbb dot seow up. Sejy

`id mj cjvjbopjc my `eidnkdn tej ckrj`tkod of tej fkjbc, idc kt ks icvksimbj to ippby

tej fkjbc froa two ckrj`tkods, prjfjrimby it rknet idnbjs to ji`e otejr.

Aindjtk` powcjrs aiy mj ippbkjc cry or wjt. Sej cry powcjr ajteoc ks

popubir for kdspj`tkdn ejivy wjbcajdts, wekbj tej wjt ajteoc ks oftjd usjc kd

kdspj`tkdn ikr`rift `oapodjdts. Cry powcjr ks custjc udkforaby ovjr tej worg wkte

i spriy nud, custkdn min or itoakzjr. Sej fkdjby ckvkcjc aindjtk` pirtk`bjs irj

`oitjc to kd`rjisj tejkr aomkbkty idc irj ivikbimbj kd nrjy, mbi`g idc rjc `obours to

kaprovj vkskmkbkty. Kd tej wjt ajteoc, vjry fkdj rjc or mbi`g pirtk`bjs irj suspjdcjc

kd witjr or bknet pjtrobjua ckstkbbitj. Seks `id mj fbowjc or spriyjc od, or tej pirt

aiy mj ckppjc kdto tej bkqukc. Sej wjt ajteoc ks aorj sjdsktkvj teid tej cry

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ajteoc, mj`iusj kt ibbows tej usj of fkdjr pirtk`bjs teit `id cjtj`t jx`jjckdnby fkdj

cjfj`ts. Fbuorjs`jdt powcjrs aiy mj usjc for furtejr sjdsktkvkty idc irj jspj`kibby

usjfub for bo`itkdn cks`odtkduktkjs kd `ordjrs, gjywiys, spbkdjs idc cjjp eobjs.

Od Fjrro-aindjtk` aitjrkibs, aindjtk` pirtk`bj `id cjtj`t surfi`j fbiws teit

woubc dot mj sjjd vksuibby. Xirtk`bjs `id mj of tej wjt or cry virkjty kd mote vkskmbj

idc fborjs`jdt typjs. Seroune usj of `okbs, procs, ejic seots, idc eidc yogjs, teks

ajteoc `id mj usjc od i wkcj virkjty of pirts kd mote fkjbc idc seop jdvkrodajdts.

Aindifbux ks i ajteoc of tjstkdn fjrroaindjtk` aitjrkibs uskdn Aindjtk`

Xirtk`bjs to cjtj`t surfi`j idc sum-surfi`j fbiws.

Fkn. 3.98 ^jt Fbuorjs`jdt AS wjbc kdck`itkods

Fkn. 3.99 3888 iap AS ai`ekdj

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Purfi`j `ri`gs idc pkdeobjs teit irj dot vkskmbj to tej digjc jyj `id mjbo`itjc my bkqukc pjdjtridt kdspj`tkod. Kt ks wkcjby usjc to bo`itj bjigs kd wjbcs idc

`id mj ippbkjc wkte iustjdktk` stjjbs idc dodfjrrous aitjrkibs wejrj aindjtk`

pirtk`bj kdspj`tkod woubc mj usjbjss.

Bkqukc pjdjtridt kdspj`tkod ks oftjd rjfjrrjc to is id jxtjdskod of tej vksuib

kdspj`tkod ajteoc. Aidy stidcircs, su`e is tej I^P C9.9 @ocj, siy teit "wjbcs

sumlj`t to bkqukc pjdjtridt tjstkdn seibb mj jvibuitjc od tej misks of tej rjqukrjajdts

for vksuib kdspj`tkod."

Fkn. 3.9= - Cyj pjdjtridt kdspj`tkod ks skakbir to bkqukc pjdjtridt kdspj`tkod jx`jpt

vkvkcby `obour cyjs vkskmbj udcjr orckdiry bknet irj usjc.

Swo typjs of pjdjtritkdn bkqukcs irj usjc - fbuorjs`jdt idc vkskmbj cyj. ^kte

fbuorjs`jdt pjdjtridt kdspj`tkod, i ekneby fbuorjs`jdt bkqukc wkte nooc pjdjtritkdn

quibktkjs ks ippbkjc to tej surfi`j of tej pirt to mj jxiakdjc. @ipkbbiry i`tkod criws

tej bkqukc kdto tej surfi`j opjdkdns, idc tej jx`jss ks tejd rjaovjc. I "cjvjbopjr" ks

usjc to criw tej pjdjtridt to tej surfi`j, idc tej rjsubtkdn kdck`itkod ks vkjwjc myubtrivkobjt (mbi`g) bknet. Sej ekne `odtrist mjtwjjd tej fbuorjs`jdt aitjrkib idc tej

omlj`t aigjs kt posskmbj to cjtj`t akdutj tri`js of pjdjtridt teit kdck`itj surfi`j

cjfj`ts.

Cyj pjdjtridt kdspj`tkod ks skakbir, jx`jpt teit vkvkcby `oborjc cyjs vkskmbj

udcjr orckdiry bknet irj usjc - Fkn 3. Doraibby, i wektj cjvjbopjr ks usjc wkte tej

cyj pjdjtridts teit `rjitjs i seirpby `odtristkdn mi`gnroudc to tej vkvkc cyj `obour.

Seks ibbows nrjitjr portimkbkty my jbkakditkdn tej djjc for ubtrivkobjt bknet.

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

0; | X i n j

Sej pirt to mj kdspj`tjc aust mj `bjid idc cry, mj`iusj idy forjknd aittjr

`oubc `bosj tej `ri`gs or pkdeobjs idc jx`bucj tej pjdjtridt. Xjdjtridts `id mj

ippbkjc my ckppkdn, spriykdn or mrusekdn, mut suffk`kjdt tkaj aust mj ibbowjc for

tej bkqukc to mj fubby imsormjc kdto tej cks`odtkduktkjs. Seks aiy tigj id eour or

aorj kd vjry jxi`tkdn worg.

Bkqukc pjdjtridt kdspj`tkod ks wkcjby usjc for bjig cjtj`tkod. I `oaaod

pro`jcurj ks to ippby fbuorjs`jdt aitjrkib to odj skcj of i lokdt, wikt id icjquitj

tkaj for `ipkbbiry i`tkod to tigj pbi`j, idc tejd vkjw tej otejr skcj wkte ubtrivkobjt

bknet. Kd tekd-wibbjc vjssjbs, teks tj`edkquj wkbb kcjdtkfy bjigs teit orckdirkby woubc

dot mj bo`itjc my tej usuib ikr tjst wkte prjssurjs of :-=8 Km/kd=. ^ejd wibb

tek`gdjss jx`jjBkqukc Xjdjtridt cs 9/3 kd., eowjvjr, sjdsktkvkty of tej bjig tjst

cj`rjisjs.

Fkn. 3.90 Vkskmbj XS Kdck`itkod Fkn. 3.93 Fbuorjs`jdt XS Kdck`itkod

Od Dod-Aindjtk` Aitjrkibs, bkqukc pjdjtridt `id cjtj`t surfi`j fbiws teit

woubc dot mj sjjd vksuibby. Xjdjtridt `id mj of tej vkskmbj or fbuorjs`jdt virkjty kd

mote witjr wiseimbj idc sobvjdt rjaovimbj typjs. Seks ajteoc `id mj usjc od i

wkcj virkjty of pirts kd mote fkjbc idc seop jdvkrodajdts. ks i bow `ost kdspj`tkod

ajteoc wejrj i Xjdjtridt aiy mj ippbkjc my ckppkdn, spriykdn or mrusekdn, to

bo`itj surfi`j-mrjigkdn cjfj`ts kd ibb dod-porous aitjrkibs.

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

38 | X i n j

Zbtrisodk` Kdspj`tkod ks i ajteoc of cjtj`tkdn cks`odtkduktkjs my ckrj`tkdn iekne-frjqujd`y soudc mjia teroune tej misj pbitj idc wjbc od i prjck`timbj pite.

^ejd tej soudc mjia's pite strkgjs id kdtjrruptkod kd tej aitjrkib `odtkdukty, soaj

of tej soudc ks rjfbj`tjc mi`g. Sej soudc ks `obbj`tjc my tej kdstruajdt, iapbkfkjc

idc ckspbiyjc is i vjrtk`ib tri`j od i vkcjo s`rjjd - Fkn. 3.9:.

Fkn. 3.9: - Zbtrisodk` kdspj`tkodcjtj`ts cks`odtkduktkjs mote od idc

mjbow tej wjbc surfi`j. @oapi`t, portimbj jqukpajdt aigjs kt jisy to usj kd

tej fkjbc.

Mote surfi`j idc sumsurfi`j cjfj`ts kd ajtibs `id mj cjtj`tjc, bo`itjc idc

ajisurjc my ubtrisodk` kdspj`tkod, kd`buckdn fbiws too saibb to mj cjtj`tjc my otejr

ajteocs.

Sej ubtrisodk` udkt `odtikds i `rystib of quirtz or otejr pkjzojbj`trk` aitjrkib

jd`ipsubitjc kd i tridscu`jr or promj. ^ejd i vobtinj ks ippbkjc, tej `rystib vkmritjs

ripkcby. Is id ubtrisodk` tridscu`jr ks ejbc inikdst tej ajtib to mj kdspj`tjc, kt

kapirts aj`eidk`ib vkmritkods of tej siaj frjqujd`y is tej `rystib teroune i `oupbjt

aitjrkib kdto tej misj ajtib idc wjbc. Sejsj vkmritkodib wivjs irj propinitjc

teroune tej aitjrkib udtkb tejy rji`e i cks`odtkdukty or `eidnj kd cjdskty. It tejsj

pokdts, soaj of tej vkmritkodib jdjrny ks rjfbj`tjc mi`g. Is tej `urrjdt teit `iusjs

tej vkmritkod ks seut off idc od it 68-9888 tkajs pjr sj`odc, tej quirtz `rystibkdtjrakttjdtby i`ts is i rj`jkvjr to pk`g up tej rjfbj`tjc vkmritkods. Sejsj `iusj

prjssurj od tej `rystib idc njdjritj id jbj`trk`ib `urrjdt. Fjc to i vkcjo s`rjjd, teks

`urrjdt procu`js vjrtk`ib cjfbj`tkods od tej eorkzodtib misj bkdj. Sej rjsubtkdn

pittjrd od tej fi`j of tej tumj rjprjsjdts tej rjfbj`tjc skndib idc tej cks`odtkdukty.

@oapi`t portimbj ubtrisodk` jqukpajdt ks ivikbimbj for fkjbc kdspj`tkod idc ks

`oaaodby usjc od mrkcnj idc stru`turib worg.

Zbtrisodk` tjstkdn ks bjss suktimbj teid otejr DCJ ajteocs for cjtjrakdkdn

poroskty kd wjbcs, mj`iusj roudc nis porjs rjspodc to ubtrisodk` tjsts is i sjrkjs ofskdnbj-pokdt rjfbj`tors. Seks rjsubts kd bow-iapbktucj rjspodsjs teit irj jiskby

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

39 | X i n j

`odfusjc wkte "misj bkdj doksj" kdejrjdt wkte tjstkdn piriajtjrs. Eowjvjr, kt ks tej

prjfjrrjc tjst ajteoc for cjtj`tkdn pbikdjr-typj cks`odtkduktkjs idc biakditkod.

Xortimbj ubtrisodk` jqukpajdt ks ivikbimbj wkte cknktib opjritkod idc

ak`ropro`jssor `odtrobs. Sejsj kdstruajdts aiy eivj mukbt-kd ajaory idc `id

provkcj eirc-`opy prkdtouts or vkcjo aodktorkdn idc rj`orckdn. Sejy `id mj

kdtjrfi`jc wkte `oaputjrs, wek`e ibbow furtejr idibysks, co`uajdtitkod idc

ir`ekvkdn, au`e is wkte rickonripek` citi. Zbtrisodk` jxiakditkod rjqukrjs jxpjrt

kdtjrprjtitkod froa ekneby sgkbbjc idc jxtjdskvjby trikdjc pjrsoddjb.

Fkn. 3.96 Zbtrisodk` Fbiw Cjtj`tor

Zbtrisodk` tjstkdn `id mj usjc to cjtj`t cjfj`ts su`e is `ri`gs, biakditkods,

serkdginj `ivktkjs, nis eobjs, sbin kd`buskods, kd`oapbjtj fuskod, kd`oapbjtj

pjdjtritkod idc bi`g of modc kd i wkcj virkjty of aitjrkibs. Zbtrisodk` tek`gdjss

tjstkdn ks ibso i wkcjby usjc ippbk`itkod to cjtjrakdj kdtjnrkty of tej aitjrkib kd

sjrvk`j. My uskdn ekne frjqujd`y soudc wivjs, Zbtrisodk` Sjstkdn ejbps kd Sek`gdjss

Sjstkdn.

Fkn. 3.9> Cknktib Sek`gdjss Niunj

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

3= | X i n j

Seks aocubj ks kdtjdcjc to prjsjdt kdforaitkod od tej DCS ajteoc of jccy

`urrjdt kdspj`tkod. Jccy `urrjdt kdspj`tkod ks odj of sjvjrib ajteocs teit usj tej

prkd`kpib of jbj`troaindjtksa is tej misks for `odcu`tkdn jxiakditkods. Pjvjrib

otejr ajteocs su`e is ]jaotj Fkjbc Sjstkdn (]FS). Jccy `urrjdt kdspj`tkod ks usjc

jxtjdskvjby to kdspj`t tumkdn it powjr njdjritkod idc pjtro`ejak`ib fi`kbktkjs for

`orroskod idc jroskod.

Ibteoune dot is wkcjby utkbkzjc is tej otejr ajteocs, jccy `urrjdt `id mj

usjc to cjtj`t cjfj`ts, sort aitjrkib, tjst tek`gdjss idc tjst `odcu`tkvkty od i wkcj

virkjty of aitjrkibs. @ekbbjr systja tumkdn ks jiskby tjstjc uskdn teks ajteoc. Jccy

@urrjdt kdspj`tkod ks usjc to bo`itj cjfj`ts kd dod-fjrrous tumkdn. Xrkairy

ippbk`itkods kd`bucj `ekbbjc witjr udkts, turmkdj `odcjdsjrs, ^jbckdn Kdspj`tkod,

idc aitjrkib sortkdn.

@ri`g Cjtj`tkod Aindkfykdn Nbiss

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

:8 | X i n j

Fkn. 3.=5 Cknktib ^jbckdn Niunj

Fkn. 3.=; ^jbc Zdcjr`ut Niunj

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

:9 | X i n j

Fkn. 3.08 Mrkcnj @ia Niunj

Fkn. 3.09 Iutoaitk` ^jbc Pkzj Niunj

Fkn. 3.0= Pkdnbj ^jbc Niunj

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

:= | X i n j

Simbj 9 ]jfjrjd`j Nukcj to Ailor Ajteocs for tej Dodcjstru`tkvj Jxiakditkod of ^jbcs

Kdspj`tkod

Ajteoc

Jqukpajdt

]jqukrjc

Jdimbjs

Cjtj`tor of

Icvidtinjs Bkaktitkods ]jairgs

Vksuib Aindkfykdn

nbiss ^jbc

skzkdn niunj

Xo`gjt rubjPtriknet jcnj

orgaidsekp

stidcircs

Purfi`j fbiws -

`ri`gs,

poroskty,

udfkbbjc`ritjrs, sbin

kd`buskods

^irpinj,

udcjrwjbckdn,

ovjrwjbckdn,

poorby forajc

mjics,

aksibkndajdts,

kapropjr fktup

Bow `ost.

@id mj

ippbkjc

wekbj worgks kd pro`jss,

pjrakttkdn

`orrj`tkod of

fiubts. Nkvjs

kdck`itkod of

kd`orrj`t

pro`jcurjs.

Ippbk`imbj to

surfi`j

cjfj`ts odby.

Xrovkcjs dopjraidjdt

rj`orc.

Peoubc ibwiys

mj tej prkairy

ajteoc of

kdspj`tkod, doaittjr weit

otejr tj`edkqujs

irj rjqukrjc. Ks

tej odby

"procu`tkvj"

typj of

kdspj`tkod. Ks tej

dj`jssiry

fud`tkod ofjvjryodj weo kd

idy wiy

`odtrkmutjs to

tej aigkdn of

tej wjbc.

]ickonripek @oaajr`kib

U-riy or

niaai udkts

aicj

jspj`kibby for

kdspj`tkdn

wjbcs,

`istkdns idc

fornkdns. Fkba

idc

pro`jsskdnfi`kbktkjs.

Kdtjrkor

ai`ros`opk`

fbiws - `ri`gs,

poroskty, mbow

eobjs, dod-

ajtibbk`

kd`buskods,

kd`oapbjtj

root

pjdjtritkod,

udcjr`uttkdn,k`k`bjs, idc

^ejd tej

kdck`itkods

irj rj`orcjc

od fkba,

nkvjs i

pjraidjdt

rj`orc.

^ejd

vkjwjc od i

fbuoros`opk`

s`rjjd, ibow-`ost

]jqukrjs sgkbb

kd `eooskdn

idnbjs of

jxposurj,

opjritkdn

jqukpajdt,

idc

kdtjrprjtkdn

kdck`itkods.

]jqukrjs

sifjtyprj`iutkods.

U-riy kdspj`tkod

ks rjqukrjc my

aidy `ocjs idc

spj`kfk`itkods.

Zsjfub kd

quibkfk`itkod of

wjbcjrs idc

wjbckdn

pro`jssjs.

Mj`iusj of `ost,

kts usj seoubc mjbkaktjc to teosj

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

:0 | X i n j

Fbuoros`opk`

vkjwkdn

jqukpajdt.

murdteroune. ajteoc of

kdtjrdib

kdspj`tkod

Dot njdjribby

suktimbj for

fkbbjt wjbc

kdspj`tkod.

irjis wejrj

otejr ajteocs

wkbb dot provkcj

tej issurid`j

rjqukrjc.

Aindjtk`

Xirtk`bj

Ppj`kib

`oaajr`kib

jqukpajdt.

Aindjtk`

powcjrs - cry

or wjt fora7

aiy mjfbuorjs`jdt

for vkjwkdn

udcjr

ubtrivkobjt

bknet.

Jx`jbbjdt for

cjtj`tkdn

surfi`j

cks`odtkduktkjs-

jspj`kibby

surfi`j `ri`gs.

Pkapbjr to

usj teid

rickonripek`

kdspj`tkod.

Xjrakts

`odtrobbjc

sjdsktkvkty.]jbitkvjby

bow-`ost

ajteoc.

Ippbk`imbj to

fjrroaindjtk`

aitjrkibs

odby.

]jqukrjs sgkbb

kd

kdtjrprjtitkodof kdck`itkods

idc

rj`ondktkod of

krrjbjvidt

pittjrds.

Ckffk`ubt to

usj od roune

surfi`js.

Jbodnitjc

cjfj`ts piribbjb

to tej aindjtk`

fkjbc aiy dot

nkvj pittjrd7 for

teks rjisod tej

fkjbc seoubc mjippbkjc froa

two ckrj`tkods it

or djir rknet

idnbjs to ji`e

otejr.

Bkqukc

Xjdjtridt

@oaajr`kib

gkts

`odtikdkdn

fbuorjs`jdt or

cyj

pjdjtridts

idc

cjvjbopjrs.

Ippbk`itkod

jqukpajdt for

tej cjvjbopjr.

I sour`j of

ubtrivkobjt

bknet - kf

fbuorjs`jdt

ajteoc ks

usjc.

Purfi`j `ri`gs

dot rjickby vksk

mbj to tej

udikcjc jyj.

Jx`jbbjdt for

bo`itkdn bjigs

kd wjbcajdts.

Ippbk`imbj

to aindjtk`

idc

dodaindjtk`

aitjrkibs.

Jisy to usj.

Bow `ost.

Odby surfi`j

cjfj`ts irj

cjtj`timbj.

@iddot mj

usjc

jffj`tkvjby od

eot

issjambkjs.

Kd tekd-wibbjc

vjssjbs wkbb

rjvjib bjigs dot

orckdirkby

bo`itjc my usuib

ikr tjsts.

krrjbjvidt

surfi`j

`odcktkods

(saogj, sbin)

aiy nkvj

aksbjickdn

kdck`itkods.

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

:3 | X i n j

Zbtrisodk` Ppj`kib

`oaajr`kib

jqukpajdt,

jktejr of tej

pubsj-j`eo or

tridsaksskod

typj.

Ptidcirc

rjfjrjd`j

pittjrds for

kdtjrprjtitkod

of ]F or vkcjo

pittjrds.

Purfi`j idc

sumsurfi`j

fbiws

kd`buckdn

teosj too saibb

to mj cjtj`tjc

my otejr

ajteocs.

Jspj`kibby for

cjtj`tkdn

sumsurfi`j

biakditkod-bkgj

cjfj`ts.

Vjry

sjdsktkvj.

Xjrakts

promkdn of

lokdts

kdi``jsskmbj

to

rickonripey.

]jqukrjs ekne

cjnrjj of

sgkbb kd

kdtjrprjtkdn

pubsj-j`eo

pittjrds.

Xjraidjdt

rj`orc ks dot

rjickby

omtikdjc.

Xubsj-j`eo

jqukpajdt ks

ekneby

cjvjbopjc for

wjbc kdspj`tkod

purposjs.

Sej

tridsaksskod-

typj jqukpajdt

skapbkfkjs

pittjrd

kdtjrprjtitkod

wejrj kt ksippbk`imbj.

I nooc DCJ kdspj`tkod pronria aust rj`ondkzj tej kdejrjdt bkaktitkods of

ji`e pro`jss. For jxiapbj, mote rickonripey idc ubtrisoudc eivj ckstkd`t

orkjdtitkod fi`tors teit aiy nukcj tej `eok`j of wek`e pro`jss to usj for i pirtk`ubir

lom. Sejkr strjdntes idc wjigdjssjs tjdc to `oapbjajdt ji`e otejr. ^ekbjrickonripey ks udimbj to rjbkimby cjtj`t biakditkod-bkgj cjfj`ts, ubtrisoudc ks au`e

mjttjr it kt. Od tej otejr eidc, ubtrisoudc ks poorby suktjc to cjtj`tkdn s`ittjrjc

poroskty, wekbj rickonripey ks vjry nooc.

^eitjvjr kdspj`tkod tj`edkqujs irj usjc, piykdn ittjdtkod to tej "Fkvj X's" of

wjbc quibkty wkbb ejbp rjcu`j sumsjqujdt kdspj`tkod to i routkdj `ej`gkdn i`tkvkty.

Sejd, tej propjr usj of DCJ ajteocs wkbb sjrvj is i `ej`g to gjjp virkimbjs kd bkdj

idc wjbc quibkty wktekd stidcircs.

Sej Fkvj X's irj

9. Xro`jss Pjbj`tkod

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^JBCKDN CJFJ@S X]JCK@SKOD KD PSJIA XKXJP OF SEJ]AIB XO^J] XBIDS MMXX

www.wjbctj`edobony.`oa/eoaj/ ettp