Date post: | 23-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | amanda-hubbard |
View: | 217 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Analysis of wind energy with pumped storage systems in
autonomous islands
George CaralisMechanical Engineer NTUA
National Technical University of AthensDepartment of Mechanical EngineerFluids Section, Wind Energy Laboratory
Contents of the presentation
• Description of the problem• Methodological approach• Evaluation criteria • Application in three autonomous Greek islands• 1st case
– Analysis of the wind power penetration in autonomous islands without pumped storage
• 2nd case – Analysis of the combined use of wind energy with
pumped storage systems– Operational targets and Architecture of WPS– Optimization procedure
• Conclusions - RecommendationsG.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 2
Description of the problem
• Autonomous islands face the problem of wind energy rejection during the hours of low demand from the system operator.
• The ability of local power stations to balance out both the variability of the demand and the wind power, defines the wind power which can be directly absorbed by the grid.
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 3
Methodological approach
• The simulation of the whole electrical system based on the steady-state (non-dynamic) analysis and the convolution of the demand and the wind data is proposed as the main methodological approach for the design and the decision process.
• The following data are needed for the application:– the special characteristics of the energy demand (hourly
data series), – the local conventional units (technical minimums, cost, fuel
consumption) – the technical restrictions for the smooth and safe operation
of the network – the wind characteristics (hourly data series) – the wind installed capacity and – the design of the Pumped Storage Unit.
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 4
Objectives of the current work
• Create a computational tool – Simulation of the autonomous electrical system – Simulation of the various subsystems (conventional units,
wind farms, pumping station, hydro-turbine, etc)
• Present comparable results for three Greek islands– Analysis of wind power penetration (without storage) and– Analysis of the combined use of wind power with pumped
storage systems.
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 5
Current situation in the autonomous Greek islands
• 4% of the national demand with 1 million citizens• Weak autonomous electrical grids, based almost entirely on
oil • High rates of increase of the energy demand (due to tourism
development)
• High variation of demand between summer and winter and during the day (low load factor of the conventional units, high Electricity Production Cost)
• Abundant wind potential (annual wind speed 8-9m/s)
• High investor’s interest for wind applications • Constrain in the wind installed capacity• Wind power rejection during low demand
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 6
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Ele
ctr
icit
y P
rod
uc
tio
n C
os
t (
€/k
Wh
)
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
peak demand (kW)
Sh
are
of
Fu
el C
ost
to
E
lect
rici
ty P
rod
uci
ton
Co
st
CreteLesvos
Serifos
8 micro 10 medium 1 Large
Crete
LesvosSerifos
11 small
Current situation in the autonomous Greek islands
1st Case study: Analysis of the wind power penetration in autonomous Greek islands
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 8
Case study: Analysis of the wind power penetration in autonomous Greek islands
Simulation
• Wind power is absorbed in priority
• with respect to the technical minimums of the conventional units
• and until the maximum permitted instantaneous wind penetration (i.e. 30%)
• The maximum ability of the committed conventional units should be able to meet the demand (even all the wind power is lost)
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 9
Case study: Evaluation of the wind power penetration in autonomous Greek islands
• In order to take comparable results, the wind installed capacity should be introduced dimensionless:
• by the peak demand, or by the mean annual load?
• Using the mean annual load, similar results for different in size systems are achieved
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 10
8.1m/s
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%wind installed capacity (dimensionless by the peak
demand)
Win
d e
ner
gy
abso
rbed
Crete
Lesvos
Serifos
8.1m/s
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless by the mean annual
load)
Win
d e
ner
gy
abso
rbed
Crete
Lesvos
Serifos
Case study: Evaluation of the wind power penetration in autonomous Greek islands
• Crete / Lesvos / Serifos• Three wind velocities (8.1 / 7.2 / 6.3m/s)
corresponding to different initial capacity factors (23%, 30% and 38%)
• Wind installed capacity: 0%-200% of the mean annual demand
• Evaluation indexes– The real capacity factor CFR (%) – The percentage of wind energy absorbed (%)– The contribution of wind energy (%)– The Conventional units production cost (EPCC - €/kWh)– The Electrical system’s production cost (EPCS - €/kWh)– The Wind power’s production cost (EPCW - €/kWh)
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 11
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 12
Crete
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Cap
acit
y F
acto
r (%
)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Crete
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Win
d e
ner
gy
abso
rbed
(%
)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Crete
0.190
0.195
0.200
0.205
0.210
0.215
0.220
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Co
nve
nti
on
al u
nit
s E
PC
(€
/kW
h)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Crete
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
win
d e
ner
gy
sup
ply
(%
)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Crete
0.180
0.182
0.184
0.186
0.188
0.190
0.192
0.194
0.196
0.198
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Crete
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Win
d p
ow
er's
EP
C (
€/kW
h)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Crete
Lesvos
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 13
Lesvos
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Cap
acit
y F
acto
r (%
)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Lesvos
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Win
d e
ner
gy
abso
rbed
(%
)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Lesvos
0.112
0.114
0.116
0.118
0.120
0.122
0.124
0.126
0.128
0.130
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Co
nve
nti
on
al u
nit
s E
PC
(€
/kW
h)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Lesvos
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
win
d e
ner
gy
sup
ply
(%
)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Lesvos
0.108
0.110
0.112
0.114
0.116
0.118
0.120
0.122
0.124
0.126
0.128
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Lesvos
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Win
d p
ow
er's
EP
C (
€/kW
h)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Serifos
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 14
Serifos
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Cap
acit
y F
acto
r (%
)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Serifos
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Win
d e
ner
gy
abso
rbed
(%
)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Serifos
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Co
nve
nti
on
al u
nit
s E
PC
(€
/kW
h)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Serifos
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
win
d e
ner
gy
sup
ply
(%
)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Serifos
0.318
0.320
0.322
0.324
0.326
0.328
0.330
0.332
0.334
0.336
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Serifos
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Win
d p
ow
er's
EP
C (
€/kW
h)
6.3
7.2
8.1
Sensitivity on the allowed instantaneous wind penetration
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 15
• allowed instantaneous wind penetration: 30% / 40% / 50%
• For wind velocity 8.1m/s• For Brent price: 54$/b (mean value 2005)
Crete
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 16
Crete
0.170
0.175
0.180
0.185
0.190
0.195
0.200
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
)
30%
40%
50%
Crete
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
win
d e
ner
gy
sup
ply
(%
)
30%
40%
50%
Lesvos
SerifosSerifos
0.310
0.315
0.320
0.325
0.330
0.335
0.340
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
)
30%
40%
50%
Serifos
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
win
d e
ner
gy
sup
ply
(%
)
30%
40%
50%
Lesvos
0.100
0.105
0.110
0.115
0.120
0.125
0.130
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
)
30%
40%
50%
Lesvos
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
win
d e
ner
gy
sup
ply
(%
)
30%
40%
50%
Sensitivity on the electrical system’s EPC on the Brent price
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 17
• Allowed instantaneous wind penetration: 30% / 40% / 50%
• For wind velocity 8.1m/s• For Brent price: 54$/b / 75$/b / 100$/b (mean
value 2005)
Crete
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 18
Lesvos
Crete - 8.1m/s
54$/b
75$/b
100$/b
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.31
0.33
0.35
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%
wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
)
without wind
100$/b-30%
100$/b-40%
100$/b-50%
75$/b-30%
75$/b-40%
75$/b-50%
54$/b-30%
54$/b-40%
54$/b-50%
Lesvos - 8.1m/s
54$/b
75$/b
100$/b
0.05
0.07
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.25
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%
wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
)
without wind
100$/b-30%
100$/b-40%
100$/b-50%
75$/b-30%
75$/b-40%
75$/b-50%
54$/b-30%
54$/b-40%
54$/b-50%
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 19
SerifosSerifos - 8.1m/s
54$/b
75$/b
100$/b
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.46
0.48
0.50
0% 50% 100% 150% 200%
wind installed capacity (dimensionless)
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
)
without wind
100$/b-30%
100$/b-40%
100$/b-50%
75$/b-30%
75$/b-40%
75$/b-50%
54$/b-30%
54$/b-40%
54$/b-50%
Conclusions
• There is a very specific level of penetration of wind energy which is different for each island and provides the maximum benefits to the electrical system.
• According to the existing infrastructure and the current technical constraints, even with significant wind penetration the decrease of the EPCS is negligible, and the dependence on the oil remains high.
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 20
2nd Case study: Analysis of the combined use of wind power with pumped storage systems in
autonomous Greek islands
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 21
Current electrical system
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 22
Wind energy combined with pumped storage unit (WPS)
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 23
Simulation
1. The hydro-turbine’s set-point, the number of conventional units committed
2. The wind power absorbed directly and the wind power rejected by the grid
3. The conventional units set-point, Available grid power for pumping
4. The pumping - turbine operations and the water flows
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 24
Parameters for optimization – Dimensioning The most important parameters:
– the wind potential (mean wind velocity) and– the hydraulic head between the two reservoirs.
The main parameters for optimization are: – the wind capacity to be installed, – the capacity of the two reservoirs, and– the capacity of the hydro-turbine
Less critical parameters are: – Rating and number of pumps– Diameter of the Penstock
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 25
Optimization procedure - Example: Crete
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 26
0
20000000
40000000
60000000
80000000
100000000
120000000
140000000
160000000
180000000
200000000
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Re
se
rvo
ir's
vo
lum
e (
m^
3)
31921532142753363974585195806417037648258869471008106911301191
0,00
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
0,30
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Tu
rbin
e's
EP
C (
€/k
Wh
)
31921532142753363974585195806417037648258869471008106911301191
lower envelope curve
Operational design and Architecture of WPS
Issues to be defined:– Energy supply of the hydro-turbine
• Peak demand supply (when the demand exceeds one predefined level)
• Supply of a stable percentage of the demand• Stable operation at the technical minimums (as a spinning reserve)
– Single or double penstock– Definition of the allowed wind penetration
• Stable instantaneous wind penetration (simple control)• Increasing the wind penetration use the hydro-turbine as a
spinning reserve (advanced control)
– Pumping using conventional power• At the hours of low demand• Given the rest ability of the committed conventional units• Whenever (aiming at the minimization of the reservoir volume)
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 27
Operational design and Architecture of WPS
a. Peak demand supply (when the demand exceeds one value)
b. Supply of a stable percentage of the demand
c. Stable operation of the turbine at its technical minimums as a spinning reserve
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 28
050
100150200250300350400
73 81 89 97 105 113hours
Po
we
r d
em
an
d (
MW
)
050
100150200250300350400
73 81 89 97 105 113
Po
we
r D
em
an
d (
MW
)
050
100150200250300350400
73 81 89 97 105 113
Po
we
r D
em
an
d (
MW
)
other sources turbine
last 24hours' peak
Options of the hydro turbine operation
Operational design and Architecture of WPS
Single or double penstock • Single penstock
– Cheaper solution– Turbine priority– Pumping priority
• Double penstock– Operational flexibility– Independent pumping and
turbine operation– Quick response of the
turbine when it is needed
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 29
Operational design and Architecture of WPS
Instantaneous wind penetration permitted • “Simple control”: Stable maximum instantaneous
wind penetration “δ”– (i.e. δ = 30%), as it is used today in most autonomous
islands with concrete wind installed capacity.
• “Advanced control”: Increase the wind penetration by an amount equal to the rest ability of the hydro-turbine. – Two-sided communication (The EUO should know the
rest capacity of the hydro-turbine, in order to permit equal increase of wind penetration).
– The turbine should be in operation.
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 30
Scenarios definition
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 31
Scenario
Single/ Double penstock
Operational target Wind penetration permitted
1 Single penstock/ turbine priority
Peak demand supply Stable δ=30%
2 Double penstock Peak demand supply Stable δ=30%
3 Double penstock Peak demand supply Advanced control
4 Double penstock Stable supply of a percentage of the demand
Stable δ=30%
5 Double penstock Stable supply of a percentage of the demand
Advanced control
6 Double penstock Stable operation of the turbine at its technical minimums
Advanced control
Conventional power given the rest ability of the committed conventional units is used for complementary pumping
Main assumptions
• H=300m, L=3000m • Wind velocity: 8.1m/s at the hub-height. • Financial evaluation without any subsidy• Oil price: 54$/b (annual mean for 2005)• Basic parameters introduced dimensionless:
– The wind installed capacity as a share of the mean annual load demand (50% - 430% by step 20%)
– The volume of the reservoir in respect with the maximum hourly water pumping ability (30 to 100 by step 10).
– The maximum operational target (as a percentage of the peak) is calculated using an iterative procedure. A bigger target could be set, but it would be achieved in less than 100% of the year.
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 32
Indexes for the evaluation • Turbine’s EPC
• Conventional unit’s EPC
• Electrical system’s EPC
• Energy supply
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 33
Results - Crete
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 34
Crete
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Tu
rbin
e's
EP
C (
€/kW
h)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Crete
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Co
nve
nti
on
al u
nit
s' E
PC
(€
/kW
h)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Crete
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Hyb
rid
's e
ner
gy
sup
ply
(%
)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Crete
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Results - Lesvos
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 35
Lesvos
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Tu
rbin
e's
EP
C (
€/kW
h)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Lesvos
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Co
nve
nti
on
al u
nit
s' E
PC
(€
/kW
h)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Lesvos
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Hyb
rid
's e
ner
gy
sup
ply
(%
)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Lesvos
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Results - Serifos
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 36
Serifos
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Tu
rbin
e's
EP
C (
€/kW
h)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Serifos
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Co
nve
nti
on
al u
nit
s' E
PC
(€
/kW
h)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Serifos
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Hyb
rid
's e
ner
gy
sup
ply
(%
)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Serifos
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Comparison of the three islands (scenario 3)
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 37
scenario 3
Lesvos
Crete
Serifos
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Tu
rbin
e's
EP
C (
€/kW
h)
Crete
Lesvos
Serifos
scenario 3
Serifos
Crete
Lesvos
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Co
nve
nti
on
al u
nit
s' E
PC
(€
/kW
h)
Crete
Lesvos
Serifos
scenario 3
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Hyb
rid
's e
ner
gy
sup
ply
(%
)
Crete
Lesvos
Serifos
scenario 3
Serifos
Crete
Lesvos
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
)Crete
Lesvos
Serifos
Proposed solutions for the examined islands
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 38
Island Peak (MW)
Wind Capacity (MW)
Reservoir (•106 m3)
Turbine (MW)
% peak supply
% energy supply
Crete 563 825-1314 60-120 310-405 55-75% 46-72%
Lesvos 58 84-145 4.4-14 30-46 57-81% 51-79%
Serifos 2.9 2.2-3.6 0.2-0.3 2.3-2.9 75-100% 80-98%
Sensitivity analysis of the allowed instantaneous wind penetration
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 39
Crete
0.00
0.020.04
0.060.08
0.10
0.120.14
0.160.18
0.20
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
) 30%
40%
50%
withoutWPS
Crete
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Hyb
rid
's e
ner
gy
sup
ply
(%
)
30%
40%
50%
Crete
Sensitivity analysis of the allowed instantaneous wind penetration
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 40
Lesvos
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
)
30%
40%
50%
withoutWPS
Lesvos
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Hyb
rid
's e
ner
gy
sup
ply
(%
)
30%
40%
50%
Serifos
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
)
30%
40%
50%
withoutWPS
Serifos
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Hyb
rid
's e
ner
gy
sup
ply
(%
)
30%
40%
50%
Lesvos
Serifos
Sensitivity analysis of the Brent price
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 41
Crete
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
)
54
75
100
withoutWPS
Sensitivity analysis of the Brent price
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 42
Lesvos
54$/b
75$/b
100$/b
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
) 54
75
100
withoutWPS
Sensitivity analysis of the Brent price
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 43
Serifos
54$/b
75$/b
100$/b
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
part of the peak to be covered with the turbine
Ele
ctri
cal
syst
em's
EP
C
(€/k
Wh
)
54
75
100
withoutWPS
Conclusions• The proposed architecture of the WPS (scenario
3):– Double penstock / “Peak demand supply” / “Advanced
control”• With the introduction of the WPS the system’s EPC
is decreased• This benefit should be shared between the pubic
utility and the investor, by the definition of a suitable price.
• The basic parameters in issue are: – Hydraulic head and the Wind potential– Plant size, Island size– Current cost– Duration curve of the demand.
• The production cost is quietly defined• The introduction of the WPS is proposed and
expected to have very positive results
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 44
Thank you for your attention
G.Caralis, “Analysis of Wind Energy with Pumped Storage systems in autonomous islands” 45