Analysis Software toVerify Mix Designs

Iowa DOT Asphalt TeamBrian Coree Dan RedmondMike Heitzman Dan SewardJohn Hinrichsen Todd Siefken

Mix Design Information

• Is the design information reasonable?Gyratory Data

% Asphalt Binder 3.85 4.35 4.85 4.87 5.35Corrected Gmb @ N-Des. 2.347 2.370 2.389 2.390 2.415 Number of Gyrations

Max. Sp.Gr. (Gmm) 2.532 2.509 2.490 2.490 2.476 N-Initial% Gmm @ N- Initial 84.8 86.3 87.4 87.5 88.5 8

%Gmm @ N-Max 93.7 95.5 97.1 97.2 98.8 N-Design% Air Voids 7.3 5.5 4.1 4.0 2.5 109

% VMA 14.6 14.2 13.9 13.9 13.5 N-Max% VFA 49.8 60.9 70.9 71.2 81.7 174

Film Thickness 7.27 8.56 9.70 9.74 10.69Filler Bit. Ratio 1.26 1.07 0.95 0.94 0.86

Gsb 2.641 2.641 2.641 2.641 2.641Gse 2.687 2.682 2.682 2.685 2.687 2.647Pbe 3.20 3.78 4.28 4.29 4.71Pba 0.67 0.60 0.60 0.64 0.67

% New Asphalt Binder 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.49Asphalt Binder Sp.Gr. @ 25c 1.036 1.036 1.036 1.036 1.036

% Water Abs 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30S.A. m^2 / Kg. 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41

% + 4 Type 4 Agg. Or Better 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13.8% + 4 Type 2 or 3 Agg. 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.4Angularity-method A 45 45 45 45 45% Flat & Elongated 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Excellent

Sand Equivalent 82 82 82 82 82

Gsb for Angularity

Curve

Mix Check

Method A

Pba / %Abs Ratio

Slope of Compaction

Basic HMA mixture volumetrics

Vair

Vbinder

air

binder

aggregateVstone

Vmix, bulk

Vmix, max

Volumetric Relationship of Gmm

b Sx y +=

seb

bse

bse

mm G100 P

G(GG - (G

G100 +=

))()

Relationship of Gse & Gb

• The resultant value for the slope, S, varies very little within the normal range of the specific gravity of the binder and the effective specific gravity of the aggregate.

• Typical slope range from 0.58 to 0.62.

0.60 slope ))(G(G)G - (G

Sbse

bse ≈==

Generic Graphical Relationship

37.0

38.0

39.0

40.0

41.0

42.0

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00(x) Pb

(y) 1

00/G

mm ∆x

∆y

seG100 b =

∆x∆y S=

Typical 4-pt. mix design

41.0

41.4

41.8

42.0

40.6

41.0

41.4

41.8

42.2

42.6

5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00

Pb

Mix

Vol

ume

Initial Uncorrected

S = 0.72

2.724 b

100 Gse ==

Adjusted 4-pt. mix design

40.6

41.0

41.4

41.8

42.2

42.6

5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00

Pb

Mix

Vol

ume

Initial Uncorrected Corrected

41.0

41.1

Gmm differenceS = 0.72

S = 0.6042.042.0

Gmm Diff. Distribution

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

-0.0

22

-0.0

19

-0.0

16

-0.0

13

-0.0

10

-0.0

07

-0.0

04

-0.0

01

0.00

2

0.00

5

0.00

8

0.01

1

0.01

4

0.01

7

0.02

0

0.02

3

Gmm Diff. (original - corrected)

# O

ccur

renc

es

97-01 (765 Designs)

Statistical Analysis of Gmm Diff.

• The average and standard deviation are based on the individual comparisons of each design point.

Average Stdev Low High Low High Low High0.000 0.005 -0.005 0.005 -0.009 0.009 -0.014 0.014

Gmm Difference 1 Stdev 2 Stdev 3 Stdev

Mix Gmm |Diff.| Distribution

020406080

100120140160180

0.00

0

0.00

1

0.00

2

0.00

3

0.00

4

0.00

5

0.00

6

0.00

7

0.00

8

0.00

9

0.01

0

0.01

1

0.01

2

0.01

3

0.01

4

0.01

5

Gmm Diff.

# O

ccur

renc

es

97-01 (765 Designs)

designin point of #

Diff. Gmm∑

Statistical Analysis of Mix Gmm |Diff.| Distribution

• The average and standard deviation are based on the average Gmm difference of each design on an absolute basis.

1 Stdev 2 Stdev 3 StdevAverage Stdev

0.003 0.002 0.006 0.008 0.010

Gmm Difference

Adjusted 4-pt. mix design

40.6

41.0

41.4

41.8

42.2

42.6

5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00

Pb

Mix

Vol

ume

Initial Uncorrected Corrected

41.0

41.1

Gmm differenceS = 0.72

S = 0.6042.042.0

Mix Gmm Slope (S) Diff. Distribution

0

10

20

30

40

50

-0.3

9

-0.3

5

-0.3

1

-0.2

7

-0.2

3

-0.1

9

-0.1

5

-0.1

1

-0.0

7

-0.0

3

0.01

0.05

0.09

0.13

0.17

0.21

0.25

0.29

Smu-Smc (original - corrected)

# O

ccur

renc

es

97-01 (765 Designs)

Soriginal - Scorrected

Statistical Analysis of the Mix Gmm Slope Diff.

Smu-Smc Smu-Smc

Avg. Stdev Low High Low High Low High-0.02 0.092 -0.11 0.07 -0.20 0.17 -0.29 0.26

1 Stdev 2 Stdev 3 Stdev

Mix Gmm |Diff.| vs. Mix Gmm Slope Diff.

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

-0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40

Slope Diff.

Gm

m D

iff.

97-01 (765 Designs)

Mix Gmm |Diff.| vs. Mix Gmm Slope Diff.

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

-0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40

Slope Diff.

Gm

m D

iff.

97-01 1 Stdev 2 Stdev 3 Stdev

3σ = 91.0% Fair

2σ = 71.4% Good

1σ = 29.4% Excellent

Case Study No. 1Excellent Mix Design

39.8

40.1

40.5

39.4

39.6

39.8

40.0

40.2

40.4

40.6

40.8

4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50

Pb

Mix

Vol

ume

Initial Uncorrected CorrectedGmm Difference vs. Slope Difference

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

-0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40

Slope Difference

Gm

m D

iffer

ence

∆S = 0.05

∆Gmm = 0.001

40.1

39.8

40.4

Case Study No. 2Poor Mix Design

40.8

41.6

42.0

42.2

40.4

40.8

41.2

41.6

42.0

42.4

5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50

Pb

Mix

Vol

ume

Initial Uncorrected Corrected

Gmm Difference vs. Slope Difference

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

-0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40

Slope Difference

Gm

m Diff

eren

ce

Bad data point

Adjusted JMF41.5

41.8

42.1

41.2

Case Study No. 3Poor Mix Design

40.4 40.5

40.840.7

39.6

40.0

40.4

40.8

41.2

41.6

4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50

Pb

Mix

Vol

ume

Initial Uncorrected CorrectedGmm Difference vs. Slope Difference

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

-0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40

Slope Difference

Gm

m D

iffer

ence

Bad data points???

41.1

40.8

40.5

40.2

SHADES Mix Design Software (Excel) Mix Check Tab

Smbu Smmc Smmu

-0.79 0.59 0.60

Vmb Vmm

r2 r2

2.685 1.00 0.99

Gse

Mix Check

ExcellentCheckMix Volume vs. Binder Content

39.0

39.5

40.0

40.5

41.0

41.5

42.0

42.5

43.0

3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50

Binder Content

Mix

Vol

ume

Vmmi

Vmmu

Vmmc

Vmmd

Vmbi

Vmbu

Vmbd

Summary of 2003 JMF Mix Check

Excellent Good Fair Poor

0.0%Designs Received 36.0% 54.0% 10.0%

Summary of JMF Mix Check

1997-2001

2003

Excellent Good Fair Poor

42.0% 19.6% 9.0%765 Designs Received 29.4%

Excellent Good Fair Poor

50.6% 9.9% 0.0%81 Designs Received 39.5%