TRANSITIONAL GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIAOFFICE OF THE POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS
COMMISSION
THE 1984 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUSOF ETHIOPIA
ANALYTICAL REPORT AT NATIONAL LEVEL
ADDIS ABABADECEMBER 1991
v
T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S
P a g e
F o r e w o r d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i
P r e f a c e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii
T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .V
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .X
L i s t o f F i g u r e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
List of Annex Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x i x
C H A P T E R I . P O P U L A T I O N C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 . 1 P o p u l a t i o n C o u n t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 . 2 P o p u l a t i o n S i z e a n d R u r a l - U r b a n R e s i d e n c e . . .
a . P o p u l a t i o n S i z e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b . R u r a l - U r b a n R e s i d e n c e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 . 3 A g e - S e x S t r u c t u r e o f t h e P o p u l a t i o n ; Q u a l i t y a n dE v a l u a t i o n o f D a t a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a . S i n g l e Y e a r A g e D i s t r i b u t i o n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b . F i v e Y e a r A g e D i s t r i b u t i o n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2
2
8
1 0
1 2
18
c. Age Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 3
d. U n i t e d N a t i o n s A g e A c c u r a c y I n d e x. . . . . . . . . 2 6
e . A d j u s t e d o r S m o o t h e d A g e D i s t r i b u t i o n. . . . . . 27
1 . 4 A g e D i s t r i b u t i o n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
a . G e n e r a l P a t t e r n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
b. A g e D i s t r i b u t i o n b y R u r a l / U r b a n A r e a s a n dR e g i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
c . D e p e n d e n c y R a t i o. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1 . 5 . S e x C o m p o s i t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
a. Sex Ratio: G e n e r a l P a t t e r n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8
b. Sex Ratio by Age and Rural/Urban Areas . . . . 38
c. Sex Ratio by Religious Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2
vi
T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S ( C o n t i n u e d )
P a g e
1 . 6 E t h n i c C o m p o s i t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 3
1 . 7 L a n g u a g e U s u a l l y S p o k e n a t H o m e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1
1 . 8 R e l i g i o u s C o m p o s i t i o n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 6
1 . 9 M a r i t a l S t a t u s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1
a. Sex Ratio Among the Currently Married . . . . . 6 3
b. M a r i t a l S t a t u s D i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e P o p u l a t i o n 6 3
c . M a r i t a l S t a t u s D i s t r i b u t i o n b y R u r a l / U r b a nA r e a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2
1 . 1 0 H e a d s h i p P a t t e r n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 5
1 . 1 1 H o u s e h o l d S i z e a n d D i s t r i b u t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 0
1 . 1 2 D i s a b i l i t y S t a t u s a n d T y p e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2
C H A P T E R I I . E D U C A T I O N A L C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S . . . . . . 9 6
2 . 1 S c h o o l A t t e n d a n c ea n d Enrollment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7
a. School Attendance and Enrollment by Age and Sex9 9
b. G r o s s E n r o l l m e n t R a t i o. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 8
c. Net (age-level specific) Enrollment Ratio . . .1 1 5
d . Scholastic Retardation/Overaging Rate . . . . . . 1 2 3
2 . 2 E d u c a t i o n a l A t t a i n m e n t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8
a. Educational Attainment by Age Group and Sex . 1 4 4
b. R u r a l - U r b a n D i f f e r e n c e s I n E d u c a t i o n a lA t t a i n m e n t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 9
c. M e d i a n G r a d e C o m p l e t e d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 6
C H A P T E R I I I .E C O N O M I C A C T I V I T Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 8
3.1 I n t r o d u c t i o n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 8
3.2 E c o n o m i c a l l y A c t i v e a n d I n a c t i v e P e r s o n s ..... 1 5 9
3 . 3 T y p e o f A c t i v i t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 2
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
a. Type of Occupation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Type of Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c. Status . . . . . . .......................
3.4 Levels and Characteristics of Unemployed Persons
a. Age-Specific Unemployment Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Educational Characteristics of the Unemployed.
CHAPTER IV, POPULATION DYNAMICS . . . ................
4.1 Fertility ........................................
4.1.1 Reported Fertility .......................
a. Age Specific Fertility Rates: Patternand Shape ..............................
b. Cumulative and Completed Fertility .....
4.1.2 Estimated Total Fertility Rate ............
4.1.3 Fertility Differentials ...................
a. Place of Residence (Rural/Urban) ......
b. Regional variation in Fertility .......
4.2 Mortality ........................................
4.2.1 Reported Mortality Levels .................
a. Crude Death Rate .......................
b. Age Specific Death Rate ................
C. Life Tables ............................
4.2.2 Estimates of Infant and Childhood Mortality
4.2.3 Mortality Trend ...........................
4.2.4 Mortality Differentials ...................
a. Age and Sex .............................
b. Rural-Urban Residence ....................
Page
172
176
178
180
183
183
192
192
193
197
200
201
206
206
206
210
210
210
213
219
223
232
237
237
238
c. Regional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
4.3 Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.1. Level of Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . .......
4.3.2. Streams of Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.3. Intensity of Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.4. Forms of Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.5 Periods of Migration . . . . . . . . . ............
4.3.6 Demographic Characteristics of Migrants . . . .
4.4 Population Projection . . . . . . . . . ................
4.4.1
4.4.2
Components of Population Projection .......
a. Fertility ............................
b. Mortality ............................
c. Migration ............................
d. Urbanization ........ .................
Projection Results ......................
a. Population Sizes .....................
b. Vital Rates ..........................
c. School Age Population ................
Page
244
245
258
263
268
274
280
287
288
288
292
295
299
300
300
326
328
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
CHAPTER V. HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS AND CONDITIONS . . . . 335
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
Housing Units by Type of Building ................
Usage of Housing Units ...........................
Quality of Housing ...............................
a. Structure ..............................
b. Number of Rooms ........................
c. Density of Occupation ..................
Housing Amenities and Facilities .................
a. Sources of Water Supply .............
b. Bathing Facilities .....................
C. Toilet Facilities .................
d. Type of Kitchen ........................
e. Type of Fuel Used for Cooking ..........
f. Type of Lighting .......................
g. Availability of Radio, Television Setsand Telephone in the Housing Units ......
Status of Tenure and Monthly Rent ................
a. Status of Tenure .......................
b. Monthly Rent ...........................
Appendix I ............................................ 377
Appendix II ........................................... 385
Appendix III .......................................... 386
Appendix IV .......................................... 387
References ............................................ 389
Page
335
338
340
340
348
350
354
355
358
358
363
366
366
369
372
372
375
x
List. of Tables
PageTableNumber Title
Chapter I
1.1
1.2
1.2(a)
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.10(a)
1.11
Numerical and Percentage Distribution of the EstimatedTotal Population by five year Age Group, sex and Rural/Urban Areas, Ethiopia 1984 (Census Covered plusEstimated Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Numerical and Percentage Distribution the EstimatedTotal Population by Sex, Region and Rural/UrbanAreas, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Numerical and Percentage Distribution of the POpulationof Ethiopia by Region and Rural/Urban Areas, 1984...... 9
Population of Regional Capitals and Towns (with aPopulation of 20,000 and Above) by Sex and Region,Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Percentage Distribution of Population by Single YearAge and Sex, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Value of Whipple's IndexEthiopia 1984
by Sex and Rural/Urban Areas,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Myers' Blended Index of Terminal Digit Preference bySex and Rural-Urban Areas, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . .
Numerical and Percentage Distribution of the PopulationCovered in the Census by Five Year Age-Group, Sex andRural-Urban Areas, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age Ratio by Five Year Age-Groups and Sex, Ethiopia1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Number and Percentage of Reported and Adjusted(Smoothed) Age Distribution by Sex, Ethiopia 1984(Census Covered Plus Estimated Population)............
Distribution of the Population by Broad Age Groups,Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage Distribution of the Population by Region andBroad Age Groups, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
17
19
24
28
33
35
Percentage Distribution of the Total Population byBroad Age Group, and Dependency Ratio, Ethiopia 1984 . . 36
1.11(a) Dependency Ratios by Region and Rural/Urban Areas,Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1.12 Sex Ratio of the Rural Urban and Total Population byAge Group, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
T a b l eN u m b e r
1.13
1 . 1 4
1 . 1 5
1 . 1 6
1 . 1 7
1 . 1 8
1 . 1 9
1 . 2 0
1 . 2 1
1 . 2 2
1 . 2 3
1 . 2 4
1 . 2 5
1 . 2 6
1.27-1.27(b)
1 . 2 8
1 . 2 8 ( a )
xi
T i t l e P a g e
Sex Ratio by Five Year Age-Group and Religion, Ethiopia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Numerical and Percentage Distribution of the Populationby Ethnic Groups,Rural/Urban Areas, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . .
Numerical and Percentage Distribution of the Populat,ionby Ma ‘or Ethnic Groups (with a Population 20,000 andA b o v e3 by Rural/Urban Areas, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Numerical and Percentage Distribution of the Populationby Languages Usually Spoken at Home and Rural/UrbanA r e a s , Ethiopia 1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Numerical and Percentage Distribution of the Populationby Major Languages usually spoken at Home and Rural/UrbanA r e a s , Ethiopia 1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Numerical and Percentage Distribution of the Populationby Religious Groupsand Rural/Urban Areas, Ethiopia 1984
Numerical and Percentage Distribution of the Populationby Religous Groups and Rural/Urban Areas, Ethiopia 1984
4 2
4 4
4 8
5 2
5 7
6 0
6 2
Sex Ratio of the Currently Married Persons by Regionand Rural/Urban Areas, Ethiopia 1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage Distribution of the Population Aged 10Years and Over by Marital Status, Sex and Rural/Urban Areas,Ethiopia 1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age-Sex Specific Proportions of Currently MarriedPersons by Rural/Urban A r e a s , E t h i o p i a 1984 . . . . . . . . .
Age-Sex Specific Proportions of Never MarriedPersons by Rural/Urban Areas, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . .
6 4
6 6
6 7
Age-Sex Specific Proportions of Divorced/SeparatedPersons by Rural/Urban Areas, Ethiopia 1984. . . . . . . . .
Age-Sex Specific Proportions of Widowed P e r s o n sby Rural/Urban Areas,Ethiopia 1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Singulate Mean Age at First Marriage (SMAM) by Region,Rural/Urban Areas, Ethiopia 1984. . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of Conventional Population H o u s e h o l dHeads and Age/Sex specific Headship Rates, Ethiopia
6 9
7 0
71
7 4
1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6 - 7 8
Percentage Distribution of Households by Number ofPersons per Household, and Rural/Urban Areas, Ethiopia1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Average Household Size by Region and Rural/Urban Areas,E t h i o p i a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3
xii
T a b l eN u m b e r T i t l e P a g e
1 . 2 9 - Disabled Population by Type of Disability, and Broad1 . 2 9 ( b )A g e - G r o u p ,E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter II
2 . 1
2 . 2
2 . 3
2 . 4
Population Aged Five Years and Over by Status ofSchool Attendance,Sex and Rural-Urban Areas,E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age-Specific Enrollment. Ratios (Per 100) for thePopulation Aged 5 to 24 Years by Sex,Ethiopia 1 9 8 4
Age-Specific Enrollment Ratios (per 100) in allFormal Learning Institutions for those Aged 5to 24 Years by Sex and Rural-Urban Areas, Ethiopia1 9 8 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age-Specific Enrollment. Ratios (per 100) in RegularS c h o o l s for the Population Aged 5 to 24 Years bySex and Rural-Urban Areas, Ethiopia 1984. . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . 52.5(b)
2 . 5 ( c )
2 . 5 ( d )
2 . 62 . 6 ( b )
2 . 7
2 . 8
2 . 8 ( a )
2 . 9
Gross (Level Specific) and Net (Age-Level Specific)Enrollment Ratios at Different Educational Levelsby Sex and Rural/Urban Areas, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . 110-112
Regional Variations in Gross Enrollment. Ratios atDifferent Levels in Rural and Urban Areas by Sex,E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6
Regional Variations in Net. Enrollment. Ratios atDifferent. Levels in Rural and Urban Areas by Sex,Ethiopia 1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 0
Scholastic Retardation (Over Aging) Rates by AgeE t h i o p i a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 5 - 2 2 7
Population Aged 10 Years and Over by Literacy Status,Sex and R u r a l - U r b a nA r e a s , Ethiopia 1984. . . . . . . . 1 2 9
Literacy Rate of the Population Aged Ten Years andOver by Age Group,E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4
Sex and Rural-Urban Areas,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 1
Literacy Rates by Rank Order, Region and Rural/Urban Areas, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 3
Distribution ofPopulation Aged Ten Years andAbove by Highest Grade Completed, Sex, Rural/UrbanAreas, E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 6
8 5 - 8 7
9 8
1 0 9
1 0 3
1 0 5
xiii
P a g eT a b l eN u m b e r
2.9 (a)2.9 (c)
2 . 1 02 . 1 0 ( b )
2 . 1 1
3 . 13 . 1 ( b )
3 . 1 ( c )
3 . 2
3 . 3
3 . 4
3 . 5
3 . 6
3 . 7
3 . 7 ( a )
3 . 8
T i t l e
Percentage Distribution of Literate Population AgedTen Years and Above by Highest. Grade Completed, Sex,and Region, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of the Population Aged Ten Years andOver by Level of Education, Age and Sex, Ethiopia1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median Grade Completed by Sex and Rural-UrbanA r e a s , Ethiopia 1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter III
Population Ten Years and Over by Age Group, Sexand Activity Status, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Economically Active Population by Sex, Region andRural and Urban Areas, Ethiopia1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage Distribution of EconomicallyActive Population by Sex, Whether EmployedDuring the Reference Period and Rural and UrbanA r e a s , E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of Economically Inactive Populationby Sex, Reason for Inactivity and Rural andUrban Areas, Ethiopia1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of Economically Active Populationby Major Occupational Group Sex, Rural andUrban Areas, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of Economically Active Population byMajor Industrial Groups and Rural/Urban Areas,E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of Economically Active Population byEmployment Status,Sex and Rural and Urban Areas,E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 3 8 - 1 4 2
1 4 6 - 1 5 3
1 5 7
1 6 1 - 1 6 3
1 6 8
1 7 0
1 7 1
1 7 4
1 7 7
1 7 9
Distribution ofEconomically Active Populationby Rate of Un-employment and Rural/Urban Areas,Ethiopia 1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1
Unemployment Rate by Sex,Region and Rural and UrbanA r e a s , E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 2
Age-Specific Unemployment, Rate by Sex and Rural-Urban Areas,E t h i o p i a1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 4
xiv
3 . 9 Percentage Distribution of the UnemployedPopulation by Sex,Level of Education and Ruraland Urban Areas, E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 5
3 . 1 0 Distribution of the Population Aged 10 Years andAbove by Level of Education and Rural/UrbanAreas, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ 1 8 5
Chapter IV
4 . 1
4 . 2
4 . 3
4 . 4
4 . 5
Summary Measures of Fertility Based on ReportedD a t a , E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4 . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 6
Reported Age Specific Fertility and Total Ferti-lity Rates in Rural and Urban Areas, Ethiopia 1984 199
Average Parity by Age-Group in Rural and UrbanA r e a s , E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adjusted Age Specific Fertility, Total Fertilityand Gross Reproduction Rates and Mean Age ofChild Bearing in Rural and Urban Areas,E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reported Crude Birth, General Fertility, TotalFertility and Gross Reproduction Ratesby Areas of Residence and Region, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4
200
2 0 5
2 0 8
4 . 6 Reported Age (Broad) Specific Death Rates (ASDR)and Percentage Share of Deaths by Sex and Rural/Urban Areas, Ethiopia1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 2
4.7 4.7(b)
Number of Deaths and Death Rates in the Last T w e l v eMonths by Sex and Age Group for Total Rural andUrban Area, Ethiopia1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 4 - 2 1 6
4.8 4 . 8 ( b )
Abridged Life Table Based on Reported Death Datafor N a t i o n a l Rural and Urban Population,E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 0 - 2 2 6
4 . 9 Children Everborn,Children Surviving and Propor-tion of Children Dead (Di) by Age-Group of Womenin Rural and Urban Areas, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . 2 2 6
4 . 1 04.10(b)
Estimated Childhood Mortality, Implied MortalityLevel, Infant Mortality Rate and Expectation ofLife at Birth by Method of Estimation for Total,Rural and Urban areas, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 7 - 2 2 9
4 . 1 1 Estimated Childhood Mortality Rates Derived by4 . 1 1 ( a ) Trussell Method and Implied by the West. Model
Life Table in Rural and Urban Areas, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4 . 2 3 1
4.12 Estimated Child Mortality Rates in Rural and UrbanAreas, E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 4
4 . 1 3
4 . 1 4
4 . 1 5 -
4 . 1 6
4 . 1 7
4 . 1 8
4 . 1 8 ( a )
4 . 1 9
4 . 2 0
4 . 2 1
4 . 2 2
4 . 2 3
4 . 2 4
4 . 2 4 ( a )
4 . 2 5
4 . 2 6
4 . 2 7
4 . 2 7 ( a )
4 . 2 8
x v
R e p o r t e d C r u d e Death Rate by Sex, Region andR u r a l - U r b a n A r e a s , E t h i o p i a 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
E s t i m a t e d Childhood Mortality Rates Derived byTrussell Methods and Impliedby the west ModelLife Table in Rural and Urban Areas,Ethiopia 1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Population Distribution by Migration Status and SexE t h i o p i a 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of In, Out,Net and Gross movement oflife time migrants by Region, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4 . . . .
Distribution of In, Out, Net and Gross Movementby Zone, E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of In, Out, and Net Average AnnualRates of Migration, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ratio of Out Migrants to the Total PopulationBorn in the Region, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of the Sex Ratio of Intra-regionalMigrants by Region, Ethiopia 1984. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of the Sex Ratio of Intra-ZonalMigrants by Zone, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e N u m b e r o f M i g r a n t s b y Z o n eof Origin and Zone of Destination, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4 .
Distribution of Migrants by Region of Birth andRegion of Destination, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . .
Net Stream of Migrants by Zone, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4 . . .
Intensity of Migration (Per-thousands) byZone ofOrigin and Destination, Ethiopia 1984. . . . . . . . . . .
Intensity of Migration (per-thousand) by Regionof Origin and Destination, Ethiopia . . . . . . .
Gross Intensity of Migration by Zone of Origin andD e s t i n a t i o n , E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net Intensity of Migration by Zone of Origin andD e s t i n a t i o n , E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Numerical Distribution of Migrants by Type andForm of Migration and Region, Ethiopia . . . . .
Percentage Distribution of Migrants by Type andForm of Migration and Region, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4 . . . . . .
Distribution of Inter-Zonal Migrants by Forms ofMigration and Zone of Origin and Destination,E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 4 0
2 4 2
246
251
2 5 2
2 5 4
2 5 5
257
258
259
261
2 6 2
2 6 4
2 6 6
2 6 7
2 6 7
2 6 9
271
2 7 3
xvi
4 . 2 94 . 2 9 ( a )
4 . 3 0
4 . 3 14 . 3 1 ( a )
4 . 3 2
4 . 3 3
4 . 3 4
4 . 3 5
4 . 3 64 . 3 6 ( a )
4 . 3 7
4 . 3 8
4 . 3 9
4 . 4 0
4 . 4 1
4 . 4 2
5 . 1
5 . 2
5 . 3
Numerical and Percentage Distribution of Migrantsby Types of MigrationPeriods of Migration andRegion, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 6 - 2 7 7
Distribution of Inter-zonal Migrants by Periods ofM i g r a t i o n a n d Z o n e o f O r i g i n a n d D e s t i n a t i o n ,E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 9
Percentage and Numerical Distribution of Inter-RegionalMigrants by Age and Region, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . .2 8 1 - 2 8 2
Distribution of Inter-Zonal Migrants by Age andZone of Origin and Destination, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4 . . . . . .2 8 4
Average Age Distribution of( 1 9 8 4 - 1 9 7 8 ) b y R e g i o n
M i g r a n t s, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 5
Numerical and Percentage Distribution of thePopulation by Five Year Age-Group and Sex,May 1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 0
Fertility (Total Fertility Rate) Inputs Used inthe Projections by Region and ProjectionVariant (1984-2020). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 3
Mortality (Expectation of Life at Birth)Input for Males and Females Used in the Projectionsby Region and Projection Variant (1984-2020 ) . . . . . . . 2 9 6 - 2 9 7
Number of Net Migrants During 1984-85 and PercentageUrban Usedin the P r o j e c t i o n s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Projected National,Rural and Urban Population bySex and Single Year (All Variants in '000) . . . . . . . . .
Projected Regional, Rural and Urban Population bySex and Single Years (Medium variant, in '000) . . . .
Age and Sex Distribution of Projected Population byRural and Urban Areas (Medium Variant in '000),1 9 8 4 - 2 0 2 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Projected Vital Rates for Total Population UnderM e d i u m V a r i a n t , 1 9 8 4 - 2 0 2 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Projected School Age Population by Sex (MediumV a r i a n t ' 0 0 0 , 1 9 8 4 - 2 0 2 0 ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter V
2 9 8
3 0 1
3 0 7
3 1 8
3 2 7
3 2 9
Distribution of Residential Housing Units in UrbanAreas by Type of Building and Regions,Ethiopia 1984
Distribution of Housing Units by Purpose in UrbanA r e a s , E t h i o p i a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of Urban Housing Units by Type of
3 3 7
3 3 9
Construction, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 0
xvii
5 . 4 -5 . 4 ( a )
5.5-5 . 5 ( a )
5 . 6
5.7 -5.7 (a)
5 . 8
5 . 9
5 . 1 0
5.11
5 . 1 1 ( a )
5 . 1 2
5 . 1 3
5 . 1 4
5 . 1 5
5 . 1 6
Distribution of Housing Units by Type of MaterialsUsed in the Construction of Wall in Urban and RuralA r e a s and R e g i o n ,E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 2 - 3 4 3
Distribution of Housing Units by Type of MaterialsUsed in the Construction of Roof in Rural and UrbanAreas and Region, E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 5 - 3 4 6
Distribution of Housing Units in Urban Areas by Typeof Floor and Region, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Numerical and Percentage Distribution of HousingUnits by Number of Rooms in Urban and Rural Areasand Region, E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 1 - 3 5 2
Distribution of Housing Units in Urban Areas bySources of Water Supply and Region, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4 . . . 3 5 6
Distribution of Urban Housing Units by Type of BathingF a c i l i t y and Region, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of Housing Units in Urban Areas by Typeof Toilet Facility and Region, Ethiopia 1984 ......
Distribution of Housing Units in Urban Areasby Type of Kitchen and Region, Ethiopia, 1984 ......
Distribution of Housing Units by Type of Kitchen inR u r a l A r e a s ,Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of Housing Units in Urban Areas byType of Fuel Used for Cooking and Region,E t h i o p i a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of Housing Units in Urban Areas byType of Lighting and Region, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of Housing Units in Urban Areas byAvailability of Radio, Television and TelephoneSets and Region, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of Housing Units in Urban Areas byType of Tenure and Region, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of Rented Housing Units and Amountof Rent Paid in Urban Areasand Region, Ethiopia1 9 8 4
by Monthly Rental Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 5 9
3 6 1
3 6 4
3 6 5
3 6 7
3 6 8
3 7 0
3 7 3
3 7 6
xviii
1 . 1
1 . 2
1 . 3
1 . 4
1 . 5
1 . 6
2 . 1
2 . 2
2 . 3
2 . 4
3 . 13.1(b)
4 . 1
4 . 2
4 . 3
4 . 4
4.5 4.5 (b)
4 . 6
List of Figures- -
Percentage Distribution of Population by SingleYear Age and Sex,Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Population Pyramid of Ethiopia 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Percentage Distribution of Reported and Smoothed MalePopulation by Five Year Age Group, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4 . . . . 3 9
Percentage Distribution of Reported and Smoothed FemalePopulation by Five Year Age Group, Ethiopia 1984 . 3 0
Sex Ratio by Five Year Age Group and Rural-UrbanResidence, Ethiopia 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0
Age Specific Headship Rates, Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . 79 .
Age Specific Enrollment Ratios (Per 100) inRegular Schools and Formal Learning InstitutionsFor Persons Aged 5 to 24 Years By Sex, Ethiopia1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age Specific Enrollment Ratios (Per 100) in AllFormal Learning Institutions For Persons Aged5 to 24 Years By Sex and Rural/Urban Areas, Ethiopia1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age Specific Enrollment Ratios (Per 100) in RegularSchools for Persons Aged 5 to 24 Years by Sex andR u r a l - U r b a n Areas, E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Level Specific and Age-Level Specific EnrollmentR a t i o s of Primary,Junior High and SeniorHigh School by Sex, E t h i o p i a1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
101
1 0 6
1 0 7
1 1 3
Age Specific Activity Rates (for the Region, Ruraland Urban Areas), Ethiopia 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 6 4 - 1 6 6
Age Specific Fertility Rates in Rural and Urban Areas,E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 8
P e r c e n t a g eof Women Aged 45-49 by parity,E t h i o p i a 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 2
Age Specific Death Rates By Sex, Ethiopia 1984 ..... 2 1 7
Age Specific Death Rates in Rural and Urban Areas,E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 8
Estimated probability of dying by age 5 (q(5))using West Model and the Trussell verssion ofthe Brass Method for the National, Rural andUrban Areas, Ethiopia1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 5 - 2 3 6
Net Streams of Migration, E t h i o p i a 1 9 8 4. . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 9
Annex TableN u m b e r
1 . 1
x i x
List of Annex Tables
T i t l e Page
Numerical and P e r c e n t a g e D i s t r i b u t i o n o f P o p u l a t i o n(Covered in the Census by Region and Rural Urban areas,E t h i o p i a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8
Estimated Population Sizes for Urban Areas not coveredin Census,by Sex Region,Awraja and Wereda, 1984 . . . 8 9
Estimated Population Sizes for Rural Areas not Coveredin the Census by Sex, Region, Awraja and Wereda, 1984 90
1 . 2
1 . 3
1.4
3 . 1
3 . 2
4 . 1
4 . 3
Number and Percentage of Adjusted (Smoothed) AgeDistribution of Census Covered Population by Sex,Ethiopia 1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5
EconomicallyOccupational
Active Persons by Sex and Minor G r o u p s , E t h i o p i a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Economically Active Persons by Sex and MinorIndustrial Groups, E t h i o p i a1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Infant Mortality Rate of Some Low Income (GNP percapita of less than 200 U.S. Dollars in 1984) Sub-Saharan Countries of Africa and Indian Sub-continent in 1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 0
Estimated Life Table (Abridged) for N a t i o n a lPopulation andRural and Urban Areas, Ethiopia1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331-333
Comparison of National Population Projection Figuresmade on the Basis of National Population Parametersand those Derived by Aggregating Regional PopulationProjections in '000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
4.2 -4.2 (b)
C H A P T E R 1
P O P U L A T I O N C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S
T h i s c h a p t e r d e a l s w i t h the analysis of data on some
o f t h e d e m o g r a p h i c a n d s o c i a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e
p o p u l a t i o n o f E t h i o p i ac o l l e c t e d d u r i n g t h e 1 9 8 4 P o p u l a t i o n
a n d H o u s i n g C e n s u s . T h e v a r i a b l e s e x a m i n e d h e r e i n c l u d e :
p o p u l a t i o n s i z e ’ ;r u r a l - u r b a n r e s i d e n c e ,a g e - s e x s t r u c t u r e ;
h o u s e h o l d p a t t e r n s ; e t h n i c c o m p o s i t i o n ; r e l i g i o u s
c o m p o s i t i o n ;l a n g u a g e u s u a l l y s p o k e n a t h o m e ; m a r i t a l
s t a t u s ,h e a d s h i p p a t t e r n ; h o u s e h o l d s i z e a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n ;
a n d d i s a b i l i t y s t a t u s a n d t y p e .
1 . 1 P o p u l a t i o n C o u n t
T h e 1 9 8 4 P o p u l a t i o n a n d H o u s i n g C e n s u s w a s t a k e n o n
b o t h D E F A C T O a n d D E J U R E b a s i s . U n d e r d e f a c t o a p p r o a c h
people were counted as the residents of the place where they
w e r e f o u n d , w h i l e u n d e r d e j u r e a p p r o a c h e v e r y p e r s o n w a s
c o u n t e d o n t h e b a s i s o f h i s / h e r u s u a l r e s i d e n c e . T h e
r e s i d e n c e o f a p e r s o n m e a n s t h e p l a c e w h e r e h e / s h e h a s b e e n
l i v i n g a t l e a s t f o r s i x m o n t h s c o n t i n u o u s l y . M o r e
s p e c i f i c a l l y ,a c c o r d i n g t o t h e d e f a c t o c o u n t p e o p l e w e r e
counted where they were found on the Census day’, whereas in
1 / T h e 9 t ho f M a y 1 9 8 4 w a s s e t a s t h e ‘ C e n s u s D a y ’ f o r t h e1 9 8 4 P o p u l a t i o n a n d H o u s i n g C e n s u s .T h i s w a s t h e 1 S t d a y o ft h e n i n t h m o n t h o f t h e E t h i o p i a n C a l e n d a r 1 9 7 6 .T h e c e n s u sd a y w a s a n e a s y d a y t o r e m e m b e r b e c a u s e t h e f i r s t d a y o feach month in the Ethiopian calendar is a saint day and isw i d e l y c e l e b r a t e d a m o n g t h e O r t h o d o xC h r i s t i a n s . T h ef i l l i n g i n o f t h e P o p u l a t i o n a n d H o u s i n g C e n s u sQ u e s t i o n n a i r e w a s s t a r t e d o n t h e ‘ C e n s u s D a y ’ a n d i n m o s ta r e a s t h i s w a s c o m p l e t e d w i t h i n t h e f o l l o w i n g f i f t e e n d a y s .‘ C e n s u s D a y ’w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s t h e ‘ r e f e r e n c e d a y ’ f o r a l lt h e q u e s t i o n s a s k e d i n t h e c e n s u s .
2
the case of dejure count people were counted in their usual
p l a c e o f r e s i d e n c e . T h e v i s i t o r s o n ‘ C e n s u s D a y ’ w e r e
counted in the houses where they were found in the case of
defacto and in their usual place of residence in the case of
de jure. H o m e l e s s p e o p l e s u c h a s b e g g a r s and vagrants i.e.,
p e r s o n s w i t h o u t a n y f i x e d r e s i d e n c e ,w e r e e n u m e r a t e d w h e r e
t h e y w e r e f o u n d . O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , E t h i o p i a n n a t i o n a l s
living in foreign countries for a duration of six months and
a b o v e w e r e e x c l u d e d f r o m t h e p u r v i e w o f c e n s u s c o u n t i n g .
A l l f o r e i g n n a t i o n a l s i r r e s p e c t i v e o f t h e i r d u r a t i o n o f s t a y
i n E t h i o p i a w e r e i n c l u d e d i n t h e e n u m e r a t i o n 1 .
1 . 2 . P o p u l a t i o n S i z e a n d R u r a l - U r b a n R e s i d e n c e
a ) P o p u l a t i o n S i z e
T h e 1 9 8 4 P o p u l a t i o n a n d H o u s i n g C e n s u s h a s c o v e r e d
a b o u t 8 1 p e r c e n t o f t h e p o p u l a t i o n o f t h e c o u n t r y . T h e
a r e a s c o v e r e d i n t h e C e n s u s h a d a d e j u r e p o p u l a t i o n o f
3 4 , 5 0 0 , 9 7 2 a n d a d e f a c t o p o p u l a t i o n o f 3 4 , 3 2 7 , 0 3 5 .T h e
d e j u r e p o p u l a t i o nfor the areas covered in the 1984 census
by sex and region is given in Annex Table 1.1. T h e c e n s u s
has not covered low land areas with nomadic population; rural
a r e a s o f A s s e b , T i g r a y a n d E r i t r e a a n d s o m eof the u r b a n
c e n t e r s i n T i g r a y , E r i t r e a a n d o t h e r r e g i o n s . T h e
p o p u l a t i o n t h a t h a d n o t b e e n c o v e r e d i n t h e c e n s u s w a s
e s t i m a t e dto be 8,115,904 in 1984 a n d t h i s a c c o u n t e d f o r
1 / For greater details of census enumeration s e e A b d u l a h iH a s e n , J e l a l u d i n A h m e d a n d G e n e t M e n g i s t u , ‘ R e p o r t o n t h eP r e p a r a t i o n ,E x e c u t i o n ,P o p u l a t i o n a n dHousing
a n d P r o c e s s i n g o f t h e 1 9 8 4
N o . 1 . A d d i s A b a b a ,Census of Ethiopia, CSA Staff Report
1 9 8 9 .
