• Analyze the religious ideas of Martin Luther
• Compare the beliefs of Lutheranism to Catholicism during the Reformation
• Analyze the reactions in Europe to Martin Luther’s beliefs
• Analyze the impact of Martin Luther on the religious landscape of Europe
• Disclaimer…
• 1483-1546
• He absorbed ideas of the Renaissance…
• Goes to a strict monastery…
• Psychologically a rebel– Liked to defy
authority…
• 1513-1516… also a theology professor at University of Wittenberg
• Big Religious Realizations!!• Sees corruption &
worldline$$ of the RC Church– Goes to Rome
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WiSCnZ4wSMo&NR=1
St. Peter’s Basilica
• October, 1517• Luther hammers
on the front door of the All Saints’ Church in Wittenberg–Mailed them too
• What is ML’s argument? (excerpts)
• ML’s Goal?
4. Pope Leo X says Luther is “some drunken German who will amend his ways when he sobers up”
• German translation of 95 Theses is printed
• How is it received (viewed) in Germany?
c. Luther has not done “this” yet…–Break off from the RC Church…how?
• Writes a few important works…
1. FAITH, (Belief in God) is the product of divine grace, or a gift of God– Earns you…– Humans do nothing to
merit grace; IT IS PURELY GOD’S DECISION
– Faith is the Backbone of Protestant Reformation
• Not…
2. Since Luther arrived to this conclusion by studying the Scripture, the Bible became for Luther, as for all other Protestants, the chief guide to religious truth
Not…
• Priests & Church hierarchy do not have special powers
• all Christians have same access to God through faith and the Bible…
• Address to the Nobility of the German Nation
• What does ML ask in it? Just look at the title!– asks German princes to
end ties with papacy and establish a reformed National German church
– Why ask German nobles to break off??
– What is ML here?
• Only keeps 2 of 7 Catholic Sacraments…
• German National Church…why?
• The clergy in his church can do what?
• From the RC Church…how?–Excommunicates
ML in 1521 (will ML care?)
• Holy Roman Emperor Charles V summons ML to the Diet of Worms– Why does Charles V have
to do this?• What is expected of
Luther?– http://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=r5P7QkHCfaI&feature=related
• What does Luther do?• How does an outraged
Charles V respond?– Edict of Worms…
• Prince Frederick of Saxony…– hides Luther (Wartburg Castle)…why do it?
• Lutheranism spreads throughout Germany in the 1520s…how?
• What do the nobles do?
• Would ML think what he did was an ultimate success?
• What success did he have?
• What did his Religious Revolution almost become?
a. Thomas Muntzer?b. ML’s stance and why?c. Effects?
5. Peasants Revolt1524-1525
• He got a bunch of people to side with him for various reasons…– Clergy = answer to
corruption of RC Church
– Princes = Luther hurts power of Church and Holy Roman Emperor
– German Nationalism = happy not to give $$ to build Roman churches
• His religion will need 1 more event to be “safe”…to be continued
