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Analyzing and ManagingEnvironmental Problems
Where The World Stand Now
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Introduction
What is the Theory of DemographicTransition?
Model used to explain the presentvariability in the global populationgrowth rates.
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Pre-Modern Period- Numbers are static with birth rates and death
rates broadly equal.
Modernization-
It is marked by a period of rapid populationgrowth.
Post-Modern Period
It heralds renewed stability and low birth anddeath rates
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Real significance of demographictransition model is the implication thatonce modernization is complete, thepopulation of developing countries willalso settle down.
Current trends suggest that stabilizationcould occur between the second quarterof the next century when world
population is between 10-12 billion.
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How will this affect the Environment
Population induced pressure on theenvironment which is relative to the level oftechnology and standards of living.
Poses a major problem for WorldEnvironmental Management as the people ofthe developing world also aspire for high livingstandards, where theres a trade-off betweennatural resources for greater standards.
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Hence the environment will be in double-jeopardy, from a possible doubling of thepopulation in the next 50 years and fromgrowing affluence in those countries whereliving standards are relatively low presently.
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Natural EnvironmentLand
WaterEnergyBiological resources
Rapidly degraded
Deforestation- Arable land eroded at R >10000000 hectares per year
Fossil energy resources
- will be depleted in 30-40 years
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Loss of biodiversity
- 150 species are being lost daily rate 1000 to 10000 times
faster than the normal extinction rate
Overuse of surface and ground water
-Colorado river in western USA, pumped dry before empty into
ocean
World food situation is becoming critical-More than 2 billion humans are malnourished and live under
unhealthy conditions
Number of humans who are diseased is the largest ever
-40000 children die each day from disease and malnutrition
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STEPS
Reassess status of environmental resources
Promoting integrating approaches to sustainable resource
management, ecosystem approach, forest land restoration
Reforming local institutions, strengthening governmentaccountability and enhancing competence in international
Delegations
Support of technological innovation.
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Steps Contd..
Efforts in International Cooperation.
Social and ecological standards within existing internationaleconomic treaties (e.g. WTO)
Accountability and ethical responsibility must be improved atall levels.
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Population and Consumption of
Resources
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Population Growth and Effects
Similar requirements yet different consumptionlevels
Limited number of resources available per capita
Rapid population growth India and China sharing major one-third
population of world With declining resources, population growth to
be hampered
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Consumption Difference
Citizens of developed nations consume moreper capita resources than developing nations
Americans use more fossil fuel and lesser
human energy than other nations Such disparities would affect development and
growth Developing nations would not have plenty
resources to achieve living standards of
developed nations
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Overconsumption
Heavy reliance on fossil fuels for industry,transportation, home heating and foodproduction in America
Whereas, in China fossil fuel used mainly inindustry and in food production American citizen uses 12 times more fossil fuel
than Chinese and 7 times the world average
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Overconsumption Contd..
Such exploitation will deplete resources America already has declining standards of
living with similar future projections
Shortages of fertile land, water and fossil fuel inmany regions of the world
This should definitely serve as a warning
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Submitted By: (Group 2)
Aadil Ahmed (01)
Akshay Gopal (07)
Divya Bhardwaj (31)
Other members:
DebapriyaWaddadar (27)
KritiWadhwa (42)
Sakshi Sidhana (76)
Nitin Baranwal (55)
Rajat Gupta (66)
