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10 Catap, Maria Consolacion Regala 2G Pharmacy

ANATOMICAL APPARATUS1. SPHYMOMANOMETER

3 Types:

a. Mercurial Sphygmomanometerdevice used for measuring blood pressure, consists of acalibrated tube filled with mercury.

- Gold standard; most reliable; phased out because mercury is toxic and harmful

b. Aneroid Sphygmomanometercommonly used for the indirect measurement of bloodpressure. This type has a dial operating through a sort of a spring-like weighing scale.

- Reliable; sensitive

c. Digital Sphygmomanometerhandy- Expensive; strong to error; not reliable

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2. TUNING FORKused to record the duration of a simple muscle contraction. It is capable of using 100vibrations per second (vbs), where one vibration is equal to 0.01 second. It consists of a writing arm,

prongs and handle.

- it is not an electrical apparatus.

3. RUBBER MALLET / REFLEX HAMMERchecks and study experiments on human reflexes. It is totest the integrity of the spinal cord in the lower back region (example, stroke or heart attack).

4. STETHOSCOPEA stethoscope is a diagnostic instrument used by medical professionals to listen to apatients chest cavity, heart and various pulse points. Physicians use a stethoscope as part of a non-invasive examination procedure. Commonly, doctors will listen for sounds of congestion in the lungs and

irregular heartbeats. Nurses may also use stethoscopes to listen for restored blood flow during blood

pressure checks.

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5. INDUCTORIUMan instrument used in experiments to generate pulses of induced electricity forstimulating nerve or muscle. Regulates the amount of current flowing in the circuit

2 Types:

a. Long

b. Short / Square

POINTS OF DIFFERENCES SHORT INDUCTORIUM LONG

INDUCTORIUM1. Calibration 1-10 1-222. Maximum flow of current At # 10 At # 13. Single stimulus/shock (Primary

binding posts)

A & B or 1 & 2 (adjacent) A & C or 1 & 3

(cross-over)

4. Tetanizing/series/multiple/repetitiveshock (Primary binding posts)

A & C A & B

6. KYMOGRAPH its primary use is to measure phenomena such as changes in muscular contractions orother physiological processes, including speech sounds. Records physiological functions (ex: muscle

contractions), daily temperature changes and variations in water level.

- Called wave writer in laymans term- Kymograph paper is used where the tracings/wavelines would be written. The glazedportion is exposed and pasted opposite the direction of the drum. It would be

removed from the drum using a scalpel.

- Shellac: fixative to preserve the tracing, a special type of varnish. Immerse the paper.

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2 Types:

a. Spring Driven Kymographsmoke writing; rotates counterclockwise- to produce smoky flame: use kerosene/gum camphor- properly smoke kymograph paper: thinly and evenly covered with soot- When the paper is covered with black soot, the tracing would appear to be white.

Variable sized fancontrols the speed of the rotation of the drum. The smaller the fan, the faters the rotation, thelesser air resistance

b. Electrically Driven Kymographink writing; desirable because it runs continuously and norewinding is necessary

Five motor control gear shiftthe higher, the faster. Use slower speed for a long recording time.

7. MUSCLE CLAMPused to hold the muscle in place. The upper thigh muscle is clampped.- when the muscle relaxes, the pen is down. When the muscle contracts, the pen is up.

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MUSCLE LEVERrecords the muscle contraction. It has no electromagnetic coil.2 Types:

a. Oldonly one binding post

After loading screwcontrols the position of the writing pen

b. Newtwo binding posts but no after loading screw

8. SIGNAL MAGNETserves as an event marker; noting an event such as time, and type of stimulus;noting time in seconds.

- when magnetized, the pen moves up and down. When demagnetized, it stops moving.- Part of primary circuit2 Types:

a. Old

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b. New

9. SPIROMETER record different pulmonary volume and capacity to evaluate lung function andrespiratory capacity

Druminverted position, filled with waterScalecalibrated to 6 liters; each line equals 100 mLMouthpieceexhale only

10.BATTERY source of current2 Types of Battery:

a. Drycomputer, cellphones, flashlights. Supply is 1.5 voltsb. Wetmotor vehicles

2 Types of Currents:

a. Direct/Galvanic/Constantb. Induced/Faradic/Palsating

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11.SIMPLE KEYacts as switch. Used to either make or break current and shocks.2 Types:

a. Oldwood

b. Newfiber glass

Contact metalwhen press, ON, make current. When released, OFF, break current

12.ELECTRONIC STIMULATOR / CONVERTER - source of current instead of using the battery.Alternate source of current

- In place of battery, switch and inductorium- Current can be adjusted from 3-12 volts.- Pre set to 9; no electrocution- Never let the ends to meet, it would cause short circuit

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13.PNEUMOGRAPH device for recording the force and speed of chest movements during respiration.- Records the changes in the size of the object (ex: ribcagesternum (front) and spinal

column: thoraxic (back)

DURING INHALATIONTube will stretch

Thoraxic cage will expand

Pressure will decrease

Tambour will bulge

Pen will move up

DURING EXHALATIONTube will collapse

Thoraxic cage will contract

Pressure will increase

Tambour will depress

Pen will move down

14.TAMBOURused to transmit and register the movements of the pulse or of any pulsating artery.

Rubber sheetattach the pen in the middleTight fitting ringsecures the rubber ring