Date post: | 29-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | sophie-johns |
View: | 219 times |
Download: | 3 times |
Anatomical Structures/ Injuries
Skin
Bodies defense for dirt, bacteria, and germs.
Epidermis- Outer most layer of skinDermis- Thicker layer below the
epidermis
Bones
Functions1. Protect vital organs2. Acted on by muscles to produce
movement.
Joints
Hinge joints- elbow and knee, they move back and forth.
Ball and socket joints- one end of the joint is in the shape of a ball, and the other end of the joint is a cuplike shape.
Cartilage
Function- absorb shock, allow smooth bone movement, and join structures.
Muscles
Function- contractions allow for acceleration and deceleration of body.
Help maintain normal posture.
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone
Brusa
Small, fluid filled sacs, located in joints.Provide extra cushion for the structures
located in the joint.
Injuries
Soft-TissueBones
Soft-Tissue
Sprain Strain Incision Abrasion Contusion
Laceration Avulsion Puncture Contrecoup
Sprain
Injuries to ligaments
Strain
Injuries to muscles or tendons
Degrees of injury for sprains and strains
1st degree (mild)- some stretching, little pain, little swelling, no loss of motion.
Degrees of injury for sprains and strains
2nd degree (moderate)- more stretching, some tearing, pain, swelling, and some loss of motion.
Degrees of injury for sprains and strains
3rd degree (severe)- complete tear, severe pain, good deal of swelling, loss of motion.
Incision
An open wound made by a cutting object.
Laceration
A jagged, irregular cut caused by a non-cutting object.
Abrasion
Results from scrapping off a layer of skin.
Contusion
Commonly called a bruise. Caused by a direct blow. Usually seen by swelling and discoloration.
Avulsion
The partial tearing away of a body part.
Puncture
Occurs when a pointed object enters a body part.
Stages of Soft-Tissue Healing
Stage I-Acute Inflammatory
Stages of Soft-Tissue Healing
Stage II-Repair
Stages of Soft-Tissue Healing
Stage III-Remodeling
Bone Injuries
DislocationsSubluxationsFractures
Dislocations
When a force displaces the bones that make up a joint, so they no longer are aligned.
Subluxations
A partial dislocation, or one that does not remain unaligned.
Fractures
Avulsion Stress Spiral Longitudinal Compression Oblique Comminuted
Greenstick Transverse Depressed Blowout Pathological Epiphyseal
Avulsion
When a ligament or tendon pulls so hard that the attachment point pulls part of the bone away.
Stress
Occurs when there is repetitive pounding / motion.
Spiral
When a torque like force is applied to a bone, and the fracture starts at one end and works its way around the length of the bone.
Longitudinal
A fracture that runs the length of a bone.
Compression
Occurs when opposite forces are applied to a bone at the same time.
Comminuted
When a bone is crushed into small pieces.
Greenstick
Occurs to bones that are not fully developed, and they only break part way through.
Transverse
When a fracture occurs straight across a bone.
Depressed
Usually occurs from a direct blow to the skull.
Blowout
When the eye is pushed so hard into the back of the eye socket.
Blowout fracture
Epiphyseal
When a fracture occurs in the epiphysis (growth plate) of the bone.
http://www.learningradiology.com/caseofweek/caseoftheweekpix2007-1/cow241arr.jpg
Compound fracture
Any fracture where the bone protrudes through the skin.
Compound fracture
Signs and Symptoms
PainDeformityDecrease or loss of motionSwellingCrepitis
Fracture Healing Process
Stage I-AcuteStage II-RepairStage III-Remodeling