Date post: | 29-May-2015 |
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Tissues
• A group of cells similar in structure and function
• Work together to perform a common function
Epithelial Connective MuscleNervous
Epithelial Tissue
• Composed mostly of cells
• Classified by number of layers and shape
• Regenerative
Simple Stratified Other
Simple Epithelial
• A single layer of cells
• Typically found where absorption and filtration occur
• 3 types
Squamous ColumnarCuboidal Epithelial Tissue
Simple Squamous
• A single layer of flattened cells
• Provide diffusion and filtration
• Provide slick lining
Simple Epithelial
Simple Cuboidal
• Shape is cube-like• Large, spherical
central nuclei• Function in
secretion and absorption
Simple Epithelial
Simple Columnar
• Tall cells• Function in
absorption and secretion
• Ciliated and non-ciliated types
Simple Epithelial
Stratified Epithelial
• Epithelial tissue with multiple layers of cells
Squamous Columnar/Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue
Stratified Squamous
• Forms a thick membrane
• Protection for areas subject to abrasion
Stratified Epithelial
Stratified Columnar/Cuboidal
• Rare/limited distribution
• Highly specific functions
Stratified Epithelial
Other Epithelial
• Transitional, Pseudostratified, Glandular
Pseudostratifed ColumnarTransitional Glandular Epithelial Tissue
Transitional
• Several cell layers• Basal side is
formed of cuboidal cells, surface cells are dome-shaped
• stretches
Other Epithelial
Pseudostratified Columnar• Single layer of cells
with nuclei at differing heights
• Creates illusion of being stratified
• Function in secretion and absorption
Other Epithelial
Glandular
• One or more cells that work together to make and secrete an aqueous liquid
Endocrine Exocrine Other Epithelial
Endocrine• Ductless glands• Produces
hormones
Glandular
Exocrine
• Secrete fluids onto body surface
• More numerous than endocrine
Glandular
Connective Tissue
• Most abundant and widely distributed tissue found throughout body
• Formed from fibers and cells
• Four variations
Connective Tissue Proper Cartilage BloodBone
Connective Tissue Proper
• All mature connective tissues except bone, cartilage, and blood
• Loose and Dense forms
Loose Dense Connective Tissue
Loose
• Areolar, Adipose, and Reticular
Areolar Adipose Reticular Connective Tissue Proper
Areolar• A gel-like matrix
with all 3 fiber types, macrophages, mast cells, fibroblasts, and some white blood cells
• Wraps and cushions most organs
• Widely distributed
Loose
Adipose• Similar to areolar• Fatty• Reserves food stores
(fat), insulates, supports and protects
• Heavily vascularized
Loose
Reticular
• Network of reticular fibers with reticular cells
• Forms a soft internal skeleton (stroma)
Loose
Photo by Akay(Creative Commons)
Dense
• Regular and Irregular
Connective Tissue ProperRegular Irregular
Regular• Consists of parallel
collagen fibers with few elastic fibers and fibroblasts
• Connects muscle to muscle, muscle to bone, and bone to bone
Dense
Irregular• Irregularly
arranged collagen with some elastic fibers
• Fibroblasts• Can withstand
tension in multiple directions
Dense
Cartilage
• Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage
Connective TissueHyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage
Hyaline
• An amorphous, firm matrix of collagen fibers
• Supports, reinforces, cushion, resists compression
Cartilage
Photo by Creative Commons
Elastic
• Similar to hyaline but more flexible
• Can maintain shape and structure under stress
Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
• Similar to hyaline but less firm
• Functions in providing tensile strength and absorption of compressive shocks
Cartilage
Bone• A hard calcified matrix
of collagen fibers• Supports, protects,
provides levers for muscular action
• Stores calcium, minerals, and fat
• Marrow in bone is site of hemotopoiesis
Connective Tissue
Blood
• Consists of red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)
• Transports respiratory gasses, nutrients, wastes
Connective Tissue
Nervous Tissue• Neurons, branching
cells, with neuroglia, supporting cells
• Function in transmitting electrical signals from receptors to effectors
• Found in brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
Muscle Tissue
• Source of most body movements
• Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Skeletal Cardiac Smooth
Skeletal• Long, cylindrical,
multinucleate cells• Obvious striations• Initiates voluntary
movement• Attached to bone or
skin
Muscle
Cardiac• Branching,
uninucleate, strited cells
• Interlock at intercalated discs
• Specific to heart
Muscle
Smooth
• Visceral muscle• Sheets of spindle-
shaped cells• Central nuclei, no
striations
Muscle
Photo by Blake Allen
Credits • Author- Kyle J. Fleury• All images courtesy
of flickr.com-some by
author and Wesley House
-others by various individuals