Date post: | 15-Apr-2017 |
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Head and Neck
Face
Dr. Mohamed El Fiky
Face
Scalp
Hair line
chin
Muscles of the Face General Characters of the Muscles of the Face
1- They are the muscles of Expression
2- They are all developed from the 2nd pharyngeal arch
3- They are all supplied by the Facial nerve
Facial Nerve
4- They act as closers and openers of facial orifices
5- They surround the facial openings
6- They originate from bone or other muscle, pass in the superficial fascia and attach to the facial skin or other facial muscle
7- They are Classified into groups
Corrugator Supercilli
Orbicularis Occuli
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
1- Muscles of the Eyelids 2- Muscles of the Nose:
1- Procerus 2- Dilator naris 3- Compressor naris 4- Depressor septi
7- They are Classified into groups 3- Muscles of the mouth:
1- Orbicularis oris 2- Levator labii superioris alaequae nasi 3- Levator labii superioris 4- Levator anguli oris 5- Zygomaticus major 6- Zygomaticus minor 7- Depressor anguli oris 8- Depressor labii inferioris 9- Mentalis 10- Resorius 11- Buccinator
1
2 2 3 3
4 4 5 6
5
6
7 7 8 8 9 9
10 10 11
11 11
7- They are Classified into groups
4- Muscles of the Ear
Auricularis Muscles
5- Muscles of the Scalp
Occipitofrontalis
5- Muscles of the Neck
Platysma
Cranial nerves
1- Olfactory
2-Optic
3- Oculomtor
4- Trochlear
5- Trigeminal
6- Abducent
7- Facial
8-Vestibulochlear
9-Gloosopgrayngeal
10- Vagus
11- Accessory
12- Hypoglossal .
Major muscles 1- Orbicularis Occuli : it is formed of three parts :
A- orbital part B palpebral part C- lacrimal part
A- Orobital part : * Origin : It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone,
from the frontal process of the maxilla and upper border of medial palpebral lig.
* insertion : lower border of medial palpebral ligament * Action : tight closure of the eye
B- Palpebral part : * Origin : arises from the the medial palpebral ligament,
forms a series of concentric curves. * insertion : inserted into the lateral palpebral raphe at the outer
canthus (corner) of eye. * Action : The palpebral portion acts involuntarily, closing the lids
gently, as in sleep or in blinking;
1- Orbicularis Occuli : (continue )
C. Lacrimal part : Origin : It arises from the posterior crest and adjacent part of the orbital surface of the
of the lacrimal bone, and passing behind the lacrimal sac . * insertion : into the superior and inferior tarsi and wall of lacrimal sac * Action : dilate lacrimal sac
Orbital part
Palpebral part
upper tarsal plate
Lower tarsal plate
Medial palpebral ligament
Lateral palpebral ligament
Lacrimal part
Facial Nerve
Temporal Branch
Zygomatic Branch
Nerve supply of Orbicularis Occuli
2- Buccinator : * Origin : - upper fibers from maxilla above three molar
- lower fibers : from the mandible below three molar - ptergomandibular raphe which separates it from the constrictor pharyngis superior .
* Insertion : - upper fibers : to the upper lip - lower fibers : lower lip - Middle fibers decussate lower ascend to upper lib & lower descend to the lower limb
* Action : Aids in holding the cheek to the teeth and prevent accumulation of food in the vestibule of the mouth during chewing
* Nerve supply : facial nerve ( upper & lower buccal branches )
bccinator
Buccinator
Pterygomandibular ligament
Superior constrictor of pharynx
Buccinator
Superior constrictor
Pterygomandibular ligament
Relations of Buccinator : 1- Deep Relations of Buccinator :
Mucous membrane and pharyngobasilar fascia
2- Superficial Relations of Buccinator 1- Buccal bad of fat
2- Parotid duct
Mucous membrane and pharyngobasilar fascia
Buccal bad of fat
Parotid duct
3- Nerves a- Buccal branch of facial nerve B- Buccal branch of mandibular nerve
Relations of Buccinator ( continue) : Upper Buccal of Facial
Lower Buccal of Facial
Buccal branch of mandibular nerve
Upper Buccal of Facial
Lower Buccal of Facial
4- Vessels a- Facial artery and vein b- Deep facial vein c- Buccal artery
Facial Artery
Anterior Facial Vein
Deep Facial Vein
Buccal Artery
Facial Lymph Nodes
5- Lymph Nodes (Facial)
Zygomaticus minor
Resorius
Zygomaticus major
Buccopharyngeal fascia
6- Muscles a- Zygomaticus major and minor b- Resorius 7- Fascia (Buccopharyngeal)
Upper Buccal of Facial
Lower Buccal of Facial
Nerve Supply of Buccinator
3- Orbicularis Oris
Orbicularis Oris
Lower Buccal of Facial
Mandibular Buccal of Facial
Nerve Supply of Orbicularis Oris
Nerve Supply of the Face 1- Sensory Nerve Supply :
Trigeminal nerve :
• Ophthalmic
• Maxillary
* Mandibular
1- Supraorbital nerve
2-Supratrochlear nerve
3-Lacrimal nerve
4-Infratrochlear nerve
5-External nasal nerve
a- Branches of ophthalmic division of Trigeminal Nerve
3-Infraorbital nerve
1- Zygomaticotemporal nerve
2-Zygomaticofacial nerve
Labial
Nasal Palpebral
b- Branches of maxillary division of Trigeminal Nerve
3-Mental nerve
1-Auriculotemporal nerve
2-Buccal nerve
c- Branches of mandibular division of Trigeminal Nerve
Great Auricular Nerve
d- Great auricular nerve (C2, 3) of Cervical Plexus
Motor Nerves of the Face ( facial nerve ) : Orgin : from the pons Type : mixed nerve motor , sensory and containig parasympathetic . Course in the face : after the facial nerve comes out from the stylomandibular foramen it inter the parotid gland superficial to external carotid artery and posterior facial vein and with in the parotid gland the nerve gives five terminal branches . Branches : A- befor it inter the parotid gland ( distal to the stylomastoid foramen : 1- postetrior auricular to the occiptal belly of occiptofrontalis muscle and muscles around ear 2- Branch to posterior belly of digasteric and stylohyoid muscle
Temporal Branch
Zygomatic Branch
Upper Buccal Branch
Lower Buccal Branch
Mandibular Branch
Cervical Branch
Facial Palsy :
Blood Supply of the Face A- Arteries of the Face
1- Facial Artery : Origin : branch from external carotid Course : arise from external carotid and inter the digasteric triangle in the neck and run between submandibular gland and mandible then inter the face in front of masseter muscle and terminate by giving angular artery .
Branches : A- In the neck (cervical ) : 1- Ascending paltine artery . 2- Tonsilar artery 3- Submental artery 4- Glandular branches
B- In the face (facial) : 1- inferior labial 2- superior labial 3- lateral nasal 4- Angular ( the terminal branch )
Facial Artery
Antro-inferior angle of
Masseter
Lower Border of The Mandible
Angular Artery
Supraorbital Artery
Supratrochlear Artery
Inferior Labial Branch
Superior Labial Branch
Septal Branch
Lateral Nasal Branch
1- Facial Artery
Superficial Temporal Artery
Transverse Facial Artery
Zygomatico-orbital Artery
2- Superficial Temporal Artery
3- Other Smaller Arteries that accompany the branches of Trigeminal Nerve
B- Veins of the Scalp and Face
Facial vein: biggest vein in the face Beginning: at the medial angle of the eye by the union of
supra-orbital and supratrochear veins. * Runs downwards and backwards behind the facial artery. * Leaves the face to enter the neck by piercing the deep fascia at the antero-Inferior angle of the masseter. *Ends in the neck by joining the anterior division of
retromandibular (Posterior facial) vein to form the common facial vein which ends in the Internal jugular vein.
Tributaries: corresponding to the branches of facial artery. Communications: (1) With the superior ophthalmic veins: at the medial angle of the eye. (2) With the pterygoid plexus of veins: through the deep facial vein Which passes backwards deep to the ramus of the mandible.
* The facial vein communicates through these two connections with
the cavernous sinus.
Dangerous Area of the Face
This includes the upper lip and the lower part of the nose. It is drained b y t h e f a c i a l v e i n , w h i c h communicates with the cavernous sinus. Infections of this area can therefore, spread in retrograde direction and cause thrombosis of the cavernous sinus.
Submental lymph nodes
Submandibular lymph nodes
Superficial parotid or Preauricular lymph nodes
Lymph Drainage of the Face