ANATOMYANATOMY

OVERVIEW OF THE HUMAN OVERVIEW OF THE HUMAN BODYBODY

WHAT IS ………..?WHAT IS ………..?

ANATOMY is the study ANATOMY is the study of the of the form and form and structurestructure of the human of the human body.body.

PHYSIOLOGY is the PHYSIOLOGY is the study of the study of the functionfunction or or how the body works.how the body works.

BASIC SUBSTANCE OF LIFEBASIC SUBSTANCE OF LIFE

Protoplasm Protoplasm makes up makes up all living matter.all living matter.

ProtoplasmProtoplasm contains contains carbon, oxygen, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and hydrogen, nitrogen and other minerals.other minerals.

protoplasm

                                

                   

 

CELLSCELLS

Cells are the Cells are the basic basic units or building units or building blocks blocks of all living things.of all living things.

Cells are made up of Cells are made up of protoplasm.protoplasm.

Cells carry on all Cells carry on all functions of life.functions of life.

CELLSCELLS

Cells use food and Cells use food and oxygen oxygen eliminate eliminate waste, adapt to waste, adapt to environment and environment and reproduce.reproduce.

Cells may be different Cells may be different size and shapes.size and shapes.

CellsCells

Some groups of cells may be highly Some groups of cells may be highly specialized; e.g. nerve cells are quick to be specialized; e.g. nerve cells are quick to be respond to stimuli, red blood cells carry respond to stimuli, red blood cells carry oxygen.oxygen.

Some specialized cells lose some function, Some specialized cells lose some function, certain certain nerve nerve cells do not reproduce.cells do not reproduce.

An interdependency exists among cells to An interdependency exists among cells to carry on total life activities.carry on total life activities.

PARTS OF CELLSPARTS OF CELLS

Cell membrane – outer Cell membrane – outer coveringcovering of cell of cell

Cytoplasm – main Cytoplasm – main substance of the cell, it substance of the cell, it is is liquidliquid..

Nucleus – Nucleus – brain of the brain of the cell.cell.

The nucleus contains The nucleus contains the chromatin network the chromatin network and nucleolus.and nucleolus.

PARTS OF CELLSPARTS OF CELLS

The nucleolus is one The nucleolus is one or more tiny parts or more tiny parts within the nucleus.within the nucleus.

The chromatin network The chromatin network is made up of is made up of chromosomes which chromosomes which contain the contain the heredity heredity genes, known as DNA.genes, known as DNA.

TISSUESTISSUES

CellsCells group together group together by their shape, size, by their shape, size, structure, and fstructure, and functionunction, , and are called and are called tissues.tissues.

This specialized This specialized grouping of cells make grouping of cells make four different types of four different types of tissues.tissues.

Skin structure

TYPES OF TISSUETYPES OF TISSUE

Epithelial tissue covers Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines body surfaces and lines body cavities,cavities, also forms glands. also forms glands.

Connective tissue holds Connective tissue holds parts of the body together. parts of the body together. It may be hard as in bone, It may be hard as in bone, or soft as in vascular or soft as in vascular tissue (Blood vessels)tissue (Blood vessels)

Both types repair easily.Both types repair easily.

TISSUE TYPESTISSUE TYPES

Nerve tissue conducts Nerve tissue conducts nerve impulses,nerve impulses, and and reacts to stimuli. reacts to stimuli.

Some nerve tissue Some nerve tissue does not repair, all is does not repair, all is slow and uncertain.slow and uncertain.

TISSUE TYPESTISSUE TYPES

Muscle tissue produces Muscle tissue produces power by contractions: power by contractions: There are three types of There are three types of muscle tissue.muscle tissue.– Cardiac, located in the heartCardiac, located in the heart– Skeletal muscles, also called Skeletal muscles, also called

voluntaryvoluntary– Smooth muscles, called Smooth muscles, called

involuntary such as digestive involuntary such as digestive tract and kidney.tract and kidney.

– Repairs with difficulty Repairs with difficulty resulting in scar tissue.resulting in scar tissue.

ORGANSORGANS

Tissues which form Tissues which form together and perform together and perform special functions are special functions are called organs.called organs.

Example: Example: Stomach Stomach and the skin which and the skin which contain epithelial, contain epithelial, connective, muscle connective, muscle and nervous tissue.and nervous tissue.

SystemsSystems

A group of organs working A group of organs working together to perform a together to perform a specific function are called specific function are called systems.systems.– The digestive system is The digestive system is

made up of several organs; made up of several organs; mouth, stomach, intestines.mouth, stomach, intestines.

– The circulatory system The circulatory system contains the heart, blood contains the heart, blood vessels.vessels.

REVIEWREVIEW

cells

tissues

organs

system

Vocabulary wordsVocabulary words

Cyt – means cellsCyt – means cells ology- means study ofology- means study of Cytology means study of cellsCytology means study of cells ologist – means specialistologist – means specialist Cytologist – is a specialist who studies cellsCytologist – is a specialist who studies cells

VocabularyVocabulary

Hist means tissueHist means tissue

histologyhistology