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ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY
MR LEONG WENG TUCK
JAB. PENDIDIKAN JASMANI & KESIHATAN
INSTITUT PERGURUAN DARULAMAN
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SCIENCES OF ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY
ANATOMY
The study of internal and external structure
and the Physical relationships between body
parts
PHYSIOLOGY
The study of how living organisms perform
their vital functions.
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LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
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THE ORGAN SYSTEM
THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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THE ORGAN SYSTEM
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
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THE ORGAN SYSTEM
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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THE ORGAN SYSTEM
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
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THE ORGAN SYSTEM
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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THE ORGAN SYSTEM
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
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THE ORGAN SYSTEM
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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THE ORGAN SYSTEM
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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THE ORGAN SYSTEM
THE URINARY SYSTEM
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THE ORGAN SYSTEMS are
Interdependent
Interconnected and
Packaged together
- In relatively small space and shared their
environment.
- All living cells are in contact with blood or some
other fluids that surround them and any changesin the composition of these fluids will affect them
in some ways
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HOMEOSTASIS REGULATION
HOMEO + STASIS = HOMEOSTASIS HOMEOSTASIS
The existence of a stable internal
environment.
Homeostatic regulation Adjustments in
physiological system that preserve
homeostasis. It involves
A receptor
A control center
An effector
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NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
Regardless of whether the input at thereceptor rises or falls a variation outside
normal limits triggers an automatic response
that correct the situation
This method of homeostatic regulation is
called NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
Most homeostatic mechanisms in the body
involve Negative Feedback
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NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION
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POSITIVE FEEDBACK
In Positive Feedback the initial stimulusproduces a response that reinforces the
stimulus
In the body, positive feedback usuallyinvolved in the regulation of dangerous or
stressful process that must be completed
quickly.
Example are severe cut, labor and delivery.
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POSITIVE FEEDBACK
SEVERE CUT - CLOTTING
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LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY
ANATOMICAL POSITION :A position whereby a human being stands
straight, head facing the front, legs close
together with toe pointing to the front, hands
at the sides with the palms facing forward.
A person lying down in the anatomical
position with face up is said to be
SUPINE
While a person lying down with face
down is said to be PRONE
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ANATOMICAL DIRECTION
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SECTIONAL ANATOMY
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SECTIONAL ANATOMY
TRANSVERSE OR HORIZONTAL PLANE : A Plane going through the body at right angles to the long
axis dividing it into superior (upper) and Inferior (lower)
sections
FRONTAL PLANE OR CORONAL PLANE :
A plane going through the body parallels to the long axis
dividing the body into anterior (front) posterior (back)
SAGITTAL PLANE :
A plane going through the body parallels to the long axis
dividing the body into left and right section
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BODY CAVITIES
Body cavities have 2 essential functions
Protect delicate organs
Permit significant changes in size and shape of
visceral organs
Two body cavities form during embryonicdevelopment
Dorsal Body Cavity brain & Spinal Cord
Ventral Body Cavity respiratory, cardiovascular,digestive, urinary and reproductive organs
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DORSAL BODY CAVIITY
A fluid-filled space Established by the Cranium & Spinal
Vertebrae
Cranium consists of the bones of the skull The Dorsal Cavity is subdivided into the
Cranial Cavity
Spinal Cavity
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VENTRAL BODY CAVITIES
The Diaphragm a flat muscular sheet
divides the ventral body cavity into
The Superior Thoracic Cavity and
The Inferior Abdominopelvic Cavity that has two
subdivisions Adominal Cavity and
Pelvic Cavity
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BODY CAVITIES
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