ANCIENT EGYPT

GOVERNMENT & LAWS

•RULED BY PHARAOH or

•DYNASTY

RULERS•HATSHEPSUT:

FIRST WOMAN PHARAOH;

ECONOMY•AGRICULTURE

•TRADED

RELIGION•POLYTHEISTIC

•SACRED ANIMALS: CAT, CROCODILE, BULL, RAM , JACKAL

RELIGION

•BELIEF IN AFTER-LIFE

• MUMMIFICATION

BEFORE WRAPPING A BODY, THE DESERT DRIED THOSE BURIED IN

THE SAND...

CULTURESociety and Art/Lit

• SOCIAL CLASSES– UPPER

– LOWER

• ART– BUILDINGS,

INSIDE TOMBS– SCULPTURES:

CULTURE• ARCHITECTURE

– PYRAMIDS– SPHINX

• SCIENCE– LUNAR CALENDAR – NUMBER SYSTEM

NUMBERS•100=

•10=

•1=

LASTING CONTRIBUTIONS

• PYRAMIDS• 365 DAY

CALENDAR• BOOK OF

HEALING

• MUMMIFICATION• METAL WORKING

& SCULPTURES

MESOPOTAMIA

“THE LAND BETWEEN

THE RIVERS”

Middle East

ROMANIA

BULGARIA

GREECE

Black Sea

TURKEY

EGYPT

SUDAN

SAUDIARABIA

IRAQ

Mediterranean Sea

Istanbul

Bursa

Izmir

Denizli

Antalya Adana

Ankara

Samsun

Aleppo

AegeanSea

Nicosia

Beirut

Haifa

Jerusalem

CYPRUSLEBANON

ISRAEL

SYRIA

Damascus

Golan Heights

AmmanWestBank

JORDANAlAqabah

Tabuk

MedinaYanbual Bahr

Jiddah (Jeddah)Mecca

Jizan

RedSea

Sanaa

YEMEN

AdenETHIOPIA

SOMALIA

Gulf of AdenDJIBOUTI

500 Nautical Miles0

Salalah

OMAN

Socotra

Arabian Sea

Duqm

Muscat

Gulf of Oman

OMAN

Strait ofHormuz

Dubayy

Manama

BAHRAIN QATARDoha

AbuDhabi

UNITED ARABEMIRATES

PersianGulf

Dhahran

Riyadh

Bandar-eBushehr

Kuwait

AbadanAl Basrah

Al Hillah

KUWAIT

BakhtaranArak

Tehran

Rasht

Tabriz

Karkuk

Mosul

BaghdadIRAN

Mashhad

AFGHANISTAN

Kerman

PAK.

COMMONWEALTH OFINDEPENDENT STATES

AralSea

CaspianSea

© Bruce Jones Design Inc. 1992

SUMERIANSca. 4000-2400 BCE

• GOVERNMENT & LAWS–CITY-STATES RULED BY A KING

• RULERS– REPRESENTATIVES

OF THE GODS

SUMERIANS•ECONOMY

– AGRICULTURE– TRADED WITH OTHERS IN

MIDDLE EAST

SUMERIANS

•RELIGION–POLYTHEISTIC

SUMERIANS•3 SOCIAL CLASSES•WRITING: CUNEIFORM ON

CLAY TABLETS

SUMERIANSLASTING CONTRIBUTIONS

–TELLING TIME

–WHEEL–ARCH–BRICKS

–SEWERS–COMPASS–360 DEGREE CIRCLE

BABYLONIANS1700’S BCE

•GOVERNMENT & LAWS–HAMMURABI’S CODE

•VERY HARSH•EYE FOR AN EYE

BABYLONIANS

•ECONOMY–FARMING–TEXTILES

BABYLONIANS•RELIGION

–POLYTHEISTIC

BABYLONIANS

•SOCIAL CLASSES–NOBILITY–MERCHANTS–SLAVES

• LASTING CONTRIBUTIONS– CODE OF

HAMMURABI

HEBREWS•GOVERNMENT

–12 TRIBES–UNITED UNDER SAUL–LATER SPLIT (ISRAEL & JUDAH)–MOSAIC LAW BASED ON AN EYE FOR AN EYE

HEBREWS•LEADERS

–ABRAHAM–MOSES–SAUL

HEBREWS•RELIGION: JUDAISM

–MONOTHEISTIC–YAHWEH–10 COMMANDMENTS–OLD TESTAMENT–PROPHETS WERE MESSENGERS OF GOD

HEBREWS•LASTING CONTRIBUTIONS

–MONOTHEISM–RELIGIONS: JUDAISM, CHRISTIANITY

–MOSAIC LAW–CULTURE