ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME

GREECE

PLATO’S ACADEMYPlato organized a college that would meet for lectures and discussions, called the Academy.The center for philosophical training and research. Forerunner of today’s think tanks.

PLATO’S ACADEMY

C.387 B.C.-A.D. 529

Closed because it was not a Christian school

PROLONGED CONFLICT

ATHENS VS. SPARTAHTTP://YOUTU.BE/QKWS9PIXEKE

Peloponnesian War 431-404 B.C.

SPARTA 431 B.C.-404 B.C.

Sparta had the best army in Greece.

Athenians had naval supremacy and power other Greek city-states.

ROMAN EMPIRE

ROMAN EMPIRE 27 B.C.-A.D.1453

Gained Power through its superior command of:

Communication

Transportation

Military might under (Augustus’s rule)

ROMAN EMPIRE

Decline began due to:Military defeatsPestilencePoor Government

ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME1. What elements of ancient Greek culture have influenced modern Western civilization?

2. What are some characteristics of Greek literature, including drama and lyric poetry?

3. How did Roman culture exert its influence over much of Europe?

4. What are the main characteristics of Roman literature, religion, and philosophy?

HEROIC AGEKING MINOS OF CRETE,

SUPPOSEDLY SACRIFICED TWELVE YOUNG MEN AND

WOMEN EACH YEAR TO FEED A HALF-MAN, HALF BULL

MONSTER CALLED MINOTAUR.

MINOANS WERE PEACEFUL

MYCENEANS WERE BOTH AGGRESSIVE AND

ENTERPRISING

EPIC AGE

Greeks developed a script for their language, based on a system borrowed from the Phoenicians.

Alphabet, named for its two initial letters, alpha and beta.

Greek Poetry-Iliad and the Odyssey

GREEK ALPHABETFraternities and Sororities

CITY-STATESCommunity

Polis (politics) Ruled by a King

Superiority

Olympic Games brought the main Greek city-states in contact.

Played every four years at Olympia in honor of the god Zeus

CITY-STATES

Sparta-Spartans

Athens-Athenians

Corinth-Corinthians

Argos-Argive

Megara- Megarians

GREEK AND ROMAN MYTHS

Eponym- is a person — either mythical or real — from whose name the name of a nation, idea, or term has been derived.

Achilles’ heel

Midas touch

Pandora’s box

LYRIC AGE

Lyric Poetry flourished seventh – fifth centuries B.C.

It didn’t tell of the heroic deeds of warriors and gods.(Epic)

It was brief, intensely personal, emotional, and down-to-earth.

DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT

Rule by the peopleEstablished by the Athenians

PERICLES

Great General & Statesman( Politician)

Guided the fortunes of Athens for more than three decades

Organized the campaign to build the Parthenon

AUTHORS

AeschylusSophoclesEuripides

GREEK DRAMAProfound questions about: human suffering, individual free will, moral responsibility, and the limits of knowledge.

* Sophocles Oedipus Rex (Tragedy)

Tragedy derived from the Greek words tragos (goat) and ode (song)

Tragedy: a main character, often of noble birth, who strives to achieve something and is ultimately defeated.

Oedipus Complex

GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

Socrates- lover of wisdom

Plato-freedom of conscience, the nature of reality, the existence of the soul, ideal government, and the way to lead a virtuous and happy life

Aristotle-logic, ethics, political theory, rhetoric, and biology

ROMAN LITERATURESoldiers

Administrators

Engineers

Values: Order, thrift, ambition, and loyalty

Pietas (duty to family) Piety

Gravitas (seriousness of conduct and purpose) Gravity

Fides (patriotism and loyalty) Fidelity

ROMANSJulius Caesar

Augustus

Tiberius

Caligula

Claudius

Nero

COLOSSEUM

REVIEW

What are the earliest surviving works of Greek poetry?

Name one way in which people of the greek city-states fostered a common identity?

Why did Greek culture thrive even after the decline of Athens?

What form of government did Rome have before becoming an empire?

What was the primary philosophical belief of the Epicureans? of the Stoics?