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Greek Geography• Mount Olympus• Mountainous with small
plains & river valleys• Warfare devastated Greek
society• Aegean, Mediterranean, and
Ionian Sea• Greeks were seafarers
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_maps/world_pol495.jpg
• NC • Greece
http://sfbayview.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Europe-North-Africa-map.gif
Greek Civilization
• Minoan civilization established on island of Crete 2700 B.C.
• Complex civilization- very advanced- running water, language (linear A)
• Importance of the Bull• 1450 B.C. Minoans were
invaded by Mycenaeans
http://ejmuybridge.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/bulldance1.jpg
Bull Jumping
Greek Civilization
• Mycenaean civilization prospered around 1400 B.C.
• Powerful monarchies• Wrote in Linear B• Tholos tombs• Warrior society• Large commercial network-
occupied mainland, Crete, and many islands
Linear B Writing
http://www.sicher.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/linearb-1.gif
http://www.historywiz.com/beehivetombs.htm
Tholos Tombhttp://www.historywiz.com/beehivetombs.htm
Greek Civilization
• Mycenaeans conquered Crete• States began fighting one
another–Natural disasters wiped out farm
land– Invaded by Sea People/ Dorians
• 1100 B.C. civilization collapsed
• 1100 – 750 – Dark Age – few records exist
King Agamemnon of Mycenaeans
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/MaskAgamemnon.png/200px-MaskAgamemnon.png
Dark Age
• Few records exist, written or otherwise
• Expanded to Asia Minor- Ionia– Looking for good farmland
• Increase of agriculture, trade• Rise of Iron Age– Replaced Bronze Age
Greek Civilization• Greeks adopted Phoenician
alphabet• Epic poem – long poem that
tells the deeds of a great hero
• Homer– The Iliad and The Odyssey
• Mycenaeans and the Trojan War
Greek Polis• 750 B.C. polis – Greek city-
state, was focus of Greek life• Acropolis – fortified
gathering place on top of a hill
• Agora – open area that served as a place where people could assemble, also a market
Greek Military
• Conflict between city-states began–Created need permanent army
• Hoplites – heavily armed infantry
• Led to new styles of fighting
Ancient Greece
• Phalanx – rectangular shoulder to shoulder military formation
• Between 750 – 550 B.C. Greeks began to expand
• Byzantium – modern day Turkey
• Spread throughout the Mediterranean
Greek Governments
Tyranny
• Ended aristocrats rule in many states
• Seized and maintained power by force
• Support from wealthy merchants who wanted political change
• Fell by 6th Century BC
Oligarchy
• Rule by a few
• a.k.a Aristocracy
• Large and wealthy landowners
• Controlled economy
• Many fell at the hands of tyrants
Greek Governments
Democracy • Government by the people or
rule by many• End of tyranny allowed people
chance to participate in government
• First major polis to adopt was Athens
Sparta
• Oligarchy, military state ruled by 2 kings
• Helots – captured people made to work for Spartans
• Super strict rules, laws, and social structure
• Closed off to the outside world
Athens
• Unified in 700BCE• Draco- 621BCE-
– first lawgiver, to end murder- uses harsh punishment- Draconian
• Solon- given 1 year to fix Athens– Becomes known for "giving the law a conscience“
• Peisistratus took control, followed by son
• Cleisthenes takes over in 510BCE– Created a council of 500
• Start of Democracy
Alliances
• Peloponnesian League–Headed by Spartans– Corinth, Argos, Elis
• Delian League– A.k.a. Athenian League–Massive alliance, including many
islands and towns across Aegean Sea
–Different contributions
Persian Wars
• Persia took over Asia Minor and Ionia
• Darius seeks revenge, and attacks Athens
• Athenians defeat Persians at Marathon in 490BC
• Xerxes vows revenge
Persian Wars
• Greece prepares for attack• Athenians built up navy,
Spartans led defensive league
• Xerxes invades– Thermopylae – 300 Spartans– Athenians abandon city, form army
to win
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ancientgreekmapsandmore/486481344/
Thermopylae
Marathon
Salamis
Athenian Empire
• Athenians formed an defense alliance against Persians
• Golden Age of Greece • Age of Pericles• 461 – 429 B.C.
Age of Pericles
http://oregonrepublicanparty.org/sites/default/files/quotepics/Pericles.jpg
Age of Pericles• Direct democracy- expanded
political involvement • Ostracism – banning politicians
by vote • Economy based on farming &
trade• Women were ignored, expect
in religious festivals
The Olympics
• The first Olympic games were held in 776BCE
• Greatest festival of sports• Held at Olympia every four
years
Religion
• Mt. Olympus– 12 Gods/ Goddesses
• Believed spirits went to underworld
• Rituals – ceremonies/rites to please gods
• Oracle at Delphi
Classical Greece- Art
• Greek sculpture
• Ideal beauty– Scientific
proportions• Pottery
http://www.ancientgreece.com/media/img/scul2.jpg
Classical Greece-Drama
• Greek tragedies • Aeschylus• Sophocles –
Athenian playwright – Oedipus Rex
• Euripides• Thucydides –
greatest historian of ancient world
http://www.greecepicturetour.com/pictures/dionysus-theater-from-acropolis.jpg
Classical Greece- Education
• 6th century – Pythagoras• Hippocrates “Father of
Medicine• Sophists – traveling
teachers who rejected speculation such as that of Pythagoras as foolish
Greek Philosophy
• Socrates• Know Thyself!• Question
Everything• Only the pursuit of
goodness brings happiness
• Socratic Method• Question and
answer, leads to students thinking for themselves
Greek Philosophy
• Plato – The Academy of Athens–Western philosophy and science
• Aristotle – Viewed as most influential thinker
of the Western world– Scientific method– Golden Mean- EQ
Peloponnesian War
• 431 B.C.• 405 Athens surrendered• Ruined chance of cooperation
among Greek cities• Thebes emerges• Ignored Macedonia to the
north
Rise of Macedonia
• By 5th century, Macedonia emerged as powerful kingdom
• 359 B.C.- King Philip II takes over
Macedonia
• King Philip II assassinated & left throne to his son, Alexander
• Alexander the Great invaded Persia
• Established Alexandria as Greek capital of Egypt
Greece
• Expanded to largest empire in world history, up to this point
• Monarchies became part of Alexander’s political legacy
Greece
• Hellenistic Era – imitate the Greeks
• Alexander’s empire fell apart after his death
• Greek cities of Hellenistic Era helped expand Greek culture
Hellenistic Era
• Alexandria was home to largest library
• Sculptures become more realistic
• Developed theory of sun at the center of the universe
• Calculated Earth’s circumference to within 185 miles
Hellenistic Era Philosophers
• Epicurus- Epicurians –Happiness is the chief goal in life– Looking for pleasure – Avoid politics
• Diogenes- Cynics – Avoid luxuries– Live a simple and humble life
Hellenistic Era Philosophers
• Zeno- Stoics –Nature is expansion of divine– True happiness is found in inner
peace and great achievements – Get involved in politics for the good
of all
• Most popular of the time
The & SciencesThe & Sciences
• Science: • Aristarchus - heliocentric theory.• Euclid - geometry• Archimedes – pulley, pi