Ancient Greece Handouts

8/3/2019 Ancient Greece Handouts

1/25

Name________________________ Date____________

CHAPTER 6

Section1

GUIDED READING AND REVIEW

A.AsYouRead

Directions:AsyoureadSection1,answerthefollowingquestionsinthespaceprovided.1. HowwouldyoudescribetheislandsofGreece?__________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

2. HowdidGreece'slandformsinfluencethewayoflifeofthepeoplelivingthere?__________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

3. AccordingtoGreeklegend,whateventstartedtheTrojanWar?__________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

4. WhatperiodoftimehasbeencalledGreece'sDarkAges?__________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

5. WhichGreekcitybecamethecenterforanewsystemofgovernmentinwhichcitizensgovernedthemselves?

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

B. ReviewingKeyTerms

Directions:Completeeachsentencebywritingthecorrecttermintheblankprovided.

6. Membersofrichandpowerfulfamilieswhorulecommunitiesareknownas___________________.

7. TheIliadandtheOdyssey,longpoemsabouttheTrojanWaranditsaftermath,areexamplesof___________________

8. Apieceoflandsurroundedbywateronthreesidesisknownasa(n)___________________9. InancientGreece,independentcommunitiesthatfollowedtheirowntraditions,government,

andlawscametobeknownas___________________

10.AnearlyGreeksettlementonahigh,rockyhilliscalleda(n)___________________11. Aformofgovernmentinwhichcitizensgovernthemselvesisknownasa(n)12.InancientGreece,rulerswhoweresupportedbythemiddleandworkingclasseswerecalled

Mr. Moores Ancient Greece Handouts 1


2/25

Name________________________ Date____________

CHAPTER 6

Section2


GreekReligion,Philosophy,andLiterature

AsYouReadAsyoureadSection2,fillinthetablebelowwithinformationabouttheGoldenAgeofAthens.

YearsoftheGoldenAge

1.

MainPoliticalLeader

2.

ArtisticAccomplishmentsof

Athens

3.

Directions:Inthespaceprovided,writeonestatementabouteachGreekthinker.

4. Thales__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Democritus__________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

6. Socrates__________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

ReviewingKeyTermsDirections:

Complete

each

sentence

by

writing

the

correct

term

in

the

blank

provided.

7. Aseriousplaythatoftenendsindisasterforthemaincharacteriscalleda__________________.8. Apersonwhousesthepowerofhisorhermindandreasontounderstandnaturaleventsis

calleda_______________________________.

9. TheancientGreeksbelievedthattheirgodswere_____________________theylivedforever.



3/25


4/25

Name________________________ Date____________

CHAPTER 6

Section4


AthensandSparta:TwoCitiesinConflict

Directions:AsyoureadSection4,fillinthetablewithinformationaboutSpartaandAthens,LookbackatSections13tofindadditionalinformationaboutAthens.

TwoDifferentCityStates

Sparta Athens

MainWayofLife

1. 2.

RoleofCitizens

3. 4.

RoleofWomen

5. 6.

AttitudeTowardArtand

Learning

7. 8.


Intheblanksprovidedbelow,writethedefinitionsforthefollowingkeyterms.

9. plague__________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

10.blockade__________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________



5/25

Name________________________ Date____________

CHAPTER 6

Section5


SpreadoftheGreekCulture

A.AsYouReadDirections:AsyoureadSection5,fillinthetablebelowwithinformationaboutKingPhilipandAlexander

theGreat.

338B.C. 332B.C. 323B.C.

1. 2. 3.

Directions:Brieflydescribetheaccomplishmentsofthefollowingpeople.

4. Euclid________________________________________________________________________

5. Eratosthenes________________________________________________________________________

6. Archimedes________________________________________________________________________

B.ReviewingKeyTerms


7. AtheniansthoughtofMacedoniansas__________________,oruncivilizedpeople.8. AlexandercametothethroneofMacedoniaafterhisfatherwas___________________.9. WhenAlexandertookcontroloflands,hemadethem_______________localculturesby

blendingwithGreekways.



6/25

Name_______________________________

TheStoryofAncientGreeceThinkaboutasyouread

1. HowweretheGreekcitystatesofAthensandSpartadifferent?2. HowwasAthensademocracy?3. WhatdidthepeopleofancientGreecegivetheworld?

Terms/PeopleandPlacesPeninsula colonies citizen democracy

Culture GoldenAge Greece BlackSea

Sparta Athens Aspasia Socrates

PhilipII Pericles Parthenon Alexander

Greece isasmallcountry inEurope. It isneartheMediterraneanSea.ThemainpartofGreece isona

peninsula.Apeninsulaisabodyoflandwithwateronalmostallsides.TherestofGreeceismadeupof

islands.TheancientcivilizationofGreecebeganaround3000B.C.

UnlikeIndiaandChina,ancientGreecedidnotbeginnearariver.

There are few rivers and little fertile soil inGreece. TheGreeks

couldnotgrowenoughfood.Theyneededtogetfoodfromother

lands. TheMediterranean Seawas important to ancientGreece.

LongagotheGreeksbuiltships.TheysailedontheMediterranean

SeaandontheBlackSea.Theysailedtomanyfaroffplaces.They

builtGreek colonies in these faroff places. TheGreeks brought

foodfromtheircoloniesbacktoGreece.

Greecehasmanytallmountains.Around800B.C.theGreeksbegantobuildmanycitystatesonthe

flatlandbetweenthemountains.ThemountainskeptthepeopleofGreeceapart.Eachcitystatehadits

ownlaws,rulers,andmoney.

SpartawasanimportantcitystateinGreece.Itwasverylargeandpowerful.Ithadawelltrainedarmy.

It conqueredothercitystates togainwealthandpower.ThegovernmentofSpartahad

twokings Spartahad three classes.The first classwas citizens.Notallpeople inSparta

were citizens.Onlymen born in Spartawere citizens. Thewomen of Spartawere not

citizens.However,womenwereallowedtoownlandandbusinesses.WomeninSpartahad

more freedom thanwomen inanyothercitystate inGreece.Thesecondclass inSparta

waspeoplewhocamefromotherGreekcitystatesorfromothercountries.Manyofthese

peopleownedbusinesses.Thethirdclasswasslaves.

Learningtoreadandtowritewasnotvery important inSparta.Trainingtobecomegoodsoldierswas

important.Youngboysweretakenfromtheirparents.Theyweretrainedtobesoldiersandtobegoodin

sportssuchasrunning.Spartangirlswerealsotrainedtobegoodinsports.

Athenswasanother importantGreekcitystate.ThepeopleofAthensdidnotwantakingoraqueen.

Theybelievedpeopleshouldrulethemselvesandrunthegovernment.Athensbecametheworld'sfirst



7/25

democracyaround508B.C.Othercitystatesbecamedemocracies.TodaymanycountriesusetheGreek

ideasaboutdemocracy.

Athenswasademocracybecauseallcitizenswereallowedtovote.However,lessthanhalfofthepeople

wholivedinAthenswerecitizens.LessthanhalfofthepeopleinAthenscouldvote.Womenandslaves

couldnotvote.PeoplewhowerebornoutsideofAthenscouldnotvote.

LearningwasveryimportantinAthens.ThereweremanyschoolsinAthens.Mostboyswenttoschool.

Boyslearnedtoreadandwrite.Theyalsolearnedmanysports.Girlsdidnotgotoschool.ButoneGreek

womanthoughtgirlsshouldlearntoreadandwrite.HernamewasAspasia.Aspasiastartedaschoolfor

girlsinAthens.UnlikegirlsinSparta,girlsinAthenswerenotallowedtoplaysports.

TheGreekslikedthePhoenicianalphabet.TheychangedthePhoenicianalphabetalittle,anditbecame

theGreekalphabet.Theyusedthisalphabetforalltheirwriting.

SocrateswasagreatthinkerandteacherinancientGreece.Hetaughtpeopletoquestiontheirideas.He

taughtpeoplethattherearerightwaysandwrongwaystobehave.AristotlewasanotherfamousGreek

teacher and thinker. He started his

own school in Athens. He wrote

about science, art, and law. People

todaystillstudytheideasofSocrates

andAristotle.

The Greeks believed there were

many gods. They built fine temples

for theirgods.Theymademany tall

statuesofthegods.

You learned that the Persians

conqueredmostof theMiddleEast.

The Persians also tried to conquer

Greece.TheyconqueredmanyGreek

citystates. But the Persians could

notconquerallofGreece. IttookabouttwentyyearsforthepeopleofAthenstowinthewaragainst

ersia.AfterthewartheGreekcitystateswerefreeagain.

Greatwasonly33yearsoldwhenhedied.Hehadconquered

cealso

great builders. TheGreeks built strong stone temples. They also built large theaters. Some of these

P

PhilipIIwasakingfromacountrytothenorthofGreece.HeconqueredtheGreekcitystatesin338b.c.

Hisson,AlexandertheGreat,conqueredmany landsforGreece.Alexanderandhissoldiersconquered

thePersianarmy.AllthePersian landsbecameGreek lands.AlexanderalsobecametherulerofEgypt

andtheMiddleEast.HeconquerednorthernIndia.ThenhestartedthelongtripbacktoGreece.Hedied

duringthetripin323B.C.Alexanderthe

manycountriesinlessthantenyears.

AlexandertheGreatbroughtGreekculturetothelandsheruled.NewbuildingsinPersiawerebuiltto

looklikeGreekbuildings.PeopleallovertheempirebegantouseGreekmoney.PeopleinGree

begantouseideasfromothercountries.Alexandersempirebecameamixtureofmanycultures.

TheancientGreeksgave theworldmany things.They started theworld's firstdemocracy.Theywere



8/25

buildingsare still standing today.TheGreeksalsomade finepaintingsand statues.Theywrotemany

plays.PeoplearoundtheworldstillenjoywatchingtheplaysofancientGreece.

GreecewasaweakcountryafterAlexandertheGreatdied.TheGreekscouldnotruleallthelandthat

Alexander had conquered. The ancient Greeks were conquered by a stronger country. In the next

chapter,youwillreadaboutthepeoplewhoconqueredtheGreeks.

PERICLES

PericleswasastrongleaderofdemocracyinAthens.HewasthegovernmentleaderofAthensfrom460

B.C.to429B.C.WhilePericlesruledAthens,thepeopleofAthensenjoyedpeaceandgoodgovernment.

Athensbecameverypowerful.ThistimebecameknownastheGoldenAgeofGreece.Itisconsideredto

bethegreatesttimeinthehistoryofancientGreece.

Pericleswasborn inAthensabout490B.C.Asaboy,Pericles studiedwith

teacherswhomadehim thinkandquestionhisown ideas.Thishelpedhim

becomeagoodleaderandagoodspeaker.

Pericles

became

the

leader

of

Athens

in

460

B.C.

Much

of

Athens

had

been

burned by the Persians when they had tried to conquer Greece. Pericles

worked tomake Athens beautiful. New temples and other buildingswere

built.The largestGreek templewas theParthenon. Ithadbeautiful statues

andotherworksofart.PartoftheParthenon isstillstandingtoday.People

fromallovertheworldcometoseeit.

PericlesmadetheAthensnavystrongerthanithadbeen.Healsomademany

changesinthegovernmentofAthens.Hedecidedthatpeoplewhoworkedforthegovernmentshould

bepaidfortheirwork.Anotherchangeallowedcommonpeopletoworkforthegovernment.

Periclesworkedtogainmore landsforAthens.ThepeopleofSpartabecameangry.Theydidnotwant

Athenstogaintoomuchpower.Soin431B.C.,SpartaandotherGreekcitystateswenttowaragainst

Athens.Periclesledhissoldiersinthiswaruntilhisdeathin429B.C.



9/25

USINGWHATYOUHAVELEARNED

FinishUp Choosethewordorwordsindarkprinttobestcompleteeachsentence.Writethewordorwordsonthecorrectblank.

Democracy citizens GoldenAge peninsula colonies

1. ThemainpartofGreeceisona______________________,orlandthathaswateronmostsides.2. TheGreek______________________werefaroffplacesthatwereruledbyGreece.3. ThefirstclassesofpeopleinSpartawerethe____________________________.4. Ina__________________________thegovernmentisrunbythepeople.5. ThepeopleofAthensenjoyedpeace,art,andgoodgovernmentduringGreece's

_________________________________. .

WhoAmI? Readeachsentence.Thenlookatthewordsindarkprintforthenameofthepersonwho

mighthavesaidit.Writeontheblankaftereachsentencethenameofthepersonyouchoose.

Pericles Socrates Aristotle AlexandertheGreat Aspasia

6. "IlivedinAthenswhereIwroteaboutscience,art,andlaw."___________________________7. "IopenedaschoolinAthenssothatgirlscouldlearntoreadandwrite."___________________8. "TheParthenonwasbuiltwhileIwasleaderofAthens.___________________9. "Myempirebecameamixtureofmanycultures."___________________10."Itaughtpeoplethattherearerightwaysandwrongwaystobehave."___________________

JOURNALWRITING

WriteashortparagraphthattellswhyyouthinkAlexanderbecameknownasAlexandertheGreat.



10/25

ThinkandApply

UnderstandingDifferentPointsofView Peoplecanlookindifferentwaysatsomethingthathappens.

LookatthesetwopointsofviewaboutPericles.

PericleswasthegreatestleaderofAthens.

Periclesspenttoomanyyearsfightinginwars.

The people of Sparta and Athens had different points of view about their ways of life. Read each

sentencebelow.WriteSpartanexttothesentencesthatmightshowthepointofviewofapersonfrom

Sparta.WriteAthensnexttothesentencesthatmightshowthepointofviewofapersonfromAthens.

_____________Womenshouldnotownland.

_____________Womenshouldbeallowedtolearnsportsandownland.

_____________Itisbetterforacitystatetoberuledbykings.

_____________Thepeopleshouldrunthegovernment.

_____________Training tobeasoldierismoreimportantthanlearningtoread.

_____________Boysshouldgotoschooltolearntoreadandwrite.

SequencingEventsWritethenumbers1,2,3,4,and5nexttothesesentencestoshowthecorrectorder.

_____ PhilipIIconqueredtheGreekcitystatesin338B.C.

_____ TheGreeksbegantobuildcitystatesonlandbetweenthemountains.

_____ AthensandSpartawenttowarin431B.C.

_____ AlexandertheGreatdiedin323B.C.alterconqueringmanylandsforGreece.

_____ Athensbecameademocracyaround508B.C.



11/25

Name___________________________________

AncientGreece

ThecivilizationsofMesopotamia,Egypt, India,

andChinabeganinflat,fertilerivervalleys.But

Greece is coveredwith ruggedmountains. It

hasnolongrivers.Greekcivilizationdevelopedin narrow mountains valleys and on small

plainsalongthecoast.Only theredid farmers

findgoodfarmland.

Over2500yearsago,agreatcivilizationaroseinthe

land of Greece. The people of Greece borrowed

ideas and skills from the older civilizations of theMiddle East. They used those ideas and skills to

createanewwayoflife.

ThepeopleofpresentdayEuropeandtheAmericas

owemuchtotheancientGreeks.Thecivilizationof

Europe and the Americas, called Western

civilization, is built on the ideas of the ancient

Greeks.

GreeksTurntotheSea

FarmingwasdifficultinancientGreece,asitis

inmuch ofGreece today.Greece has amild

climate. But rains come only in winter.

Summersaretoohotanddryformanycrops.

TwocropsthatgrowwellinGreecearegrapes

and olives. Grapevines and olive trees have

deeprootsthatcanfindwaterduringlong,dry

summers.

Because farmland was scarce, many ancient

Greeksturnedtotheseafortheirliving.Some

fished. Others became sea traders. People

around theMediterraneanwereeager tobuy

grapewineandGreekoliveoil.

LookingBack

1. WheredidcivilizationdevelopinGreece?KeyWordsAristocrat peninsula

Expand reform

2. Besides farming, how did many ancientGreeksearnaliving?

GreeceislocatedonapeninsulainsouthernEurope.The Greek Peninsula stretches south into the

Mediterranean Sea. Ancient Greece included the

GreekPeninsulaandtheislandsthatdottheAegean

Sea. It also included some land along the coastof

AsiaMinor.TheGreekscalledthatlandIonia,Today,

thatlandispartofTurkey.



12/25


Name____________________________

TheBeginningsofGreekCivilization

ThestoryofGreekcivilizationbeganwithtwo

earlier peoples. Those people were the

MinoansandtheMycenaean.

TheMinoans

TheMinoanslivedontheislandofCreteinthe

AegeanSea. Byabout2000B.C.,theMinoans

hadbuiltacivilizationonCrete.Theirchiefcity

wasKnossos.

Minoan kings ruled from a huge palace at

Knossos.Thepalacehadmorethan800rooms.

Someroomshadhotandcoldrunningwater.

The Minoans were great traders. Their ships

traveled to Mesopotamia, Egypt, and other

lands. Like the Phoenicians, the Minoans

helped to spread civilization.Theycarried the

knowledge of Mesopotamia and Egypt to

Greeceandotherlands.

The Minoan civilization disappeared about

1400B.C.Historiansarenotsurewhy.Agreat

earthquakemayhavedestroyedthecivilization.

Or invaders may have conquered Crete and

destroyeditscities.

TheMycenaean

The Mycenaean were nomads from central

Asia.TheymigratedtoGreecearound2000B.C.

In time, the Mycenaean settled into several

small kingdoms by the sea. Their largest

kingdomcenteredonthecityofMycenae.

The Mycenaean learned much from the

Minoans.They learned tobuildand sail ships

from theMinoans. They also copiedMinoan

crafts,

painting,

and

writing.

The Mycenaean were a warlike people.

Mycenaean ships attacked and plundered(robbed) cities and townsaround theAegean

Sea. By about 1400 B.C., theMycenaean had

won control of the Aegean region from the

Minoans.

TheTrojanWar

Weknow littleabouttheMycenaean.They left

few written records.Much of what we know

aboutthemcomesfromlegends.

Theirmost famous legend is the story of the

TrojanWar.Thatwasawarfoughtbetweenthe

Mycenaean and the people of Troy, a city in

AsiaMinor. Legends say thewar beganwhen

Paris,aprinceofTroy, fell in lovewithHelen.

Shewas thewife of aMycenaean king. Paris

kidnappedHelenandtookherbacktoTroy.

For ten years, a Mycenaean army tried to

captureTroyand freeHelen.ButTroydidnot

fall. Then theMycenaean tricked the Trojans.

They left a huge wooden horse outside the

wallsofTroy.Mycenaeansoldierswerehidden

insidethehorse.

TheTrojansbelievedthehorsewasagift.They

brought it inside the city walls. While the

Trojans slept, theMycenaean soldiers climbed

outofthehorseandopenedthecitygates.The

Mycenaean army marched into Troy and

capturedthecity.

TheIliadandtheOdyssey

For hundreds of years, the Mycenaean told

storiesabouttheTrojanWar.Around750B.C.,

aGreekpoetnamedHomer created two long

poems from those stories. Those poems are

called the IliadandtheOdyssey. The Iliad isapoemabout theTrojanWar.TheOdyssey tellsthe story of theMycenaeanwarriorOdysseus

and his journey home after the war. Both

poems

are

still

read

today.

LookingBack

1. HowdidtheMinoansspreadcivilization?

2. Who were the Mycenaean? What didtheylearnfromtheMinoans?

3. WhataretheIliadandtheOdyssey?


13/25

Name________________________________

TheGreekCityStates

In northernGreece lived a nomadic people called

theDorian.About1100B.C.,theDoriansbeganto

attackMycenaean cities to the south. In time, the

DorianconqueredallofGreece.

The Dorian destroyed much of the Mycenaean

civilization. Between 1100 and 800 B.C., trade

stopped in Greece. Skills such as writing

disappeared.HistorianscallthattimetheDarkAge

ofGreece.

TheRiseoftheCityStates

During theDorian invasion,manyMycenaean fled

fromGreece.Some settledalong thecoastofAsia

Minor in Ionia. The people of Ionia built a new

civilization. Itwas centered on several small city

states.

During the700sB.C., thecivilizationof the Ionians

spreadtothemainlandofGreece.Citystatesgrew

up along the coasts of Greece and in mountain

valleys.

Each of the citystates was independent. (Thatmeans each citystate governed itself.) But the

people of Ionia and Greece spoke the same

languageandworshipedthesamegods.Theybegan

to think of themselves asonepeople. They called

themselvesHellenes.WecallthemGreeks.GovernmentintheCityStates

Atfirst,akingruledeachcitystate.Butby800B.C.

kingshad lostpowertogroupsofrich landowners,

calledaristocrats.

As

trade

increased,

many

merchantsandtradersbecame

wealthy. They began to

demand a voice in the

government. But most

aristocrats refused to share

power with merchants and

traders.


Farmers also suffered under the aristocrats

Many farmers lost their land to greedy

landowners.

TyrantsGainPower

Many Greeks came to resent rule by thearistocrats. During the 500s B.C., rebellions

brokeoutinmanycitystates.Leaderswhohad

the support ofmerchants and farmers seized

power.Thoseleaderswerecalledtyrants.

Sometyrantstookpowerawayfromaristocrats

Thetyrantsgavemerchants,farmers,andother

citizensavoice in theirgovernment. (Acitizenwasamanbornwithinthecitystate.Women,

slaves, andpeoplebornoutside the citystate

were not citizens.) Tyrantsmoved their city

states toward a new form of government

democracy.

LookingBack

1. HowwereGreekcitystatesfirstruled?

2. Why did many Greeks resent rule byaristocrats?

3. How did tyrants come to power in somecitystates?


14/25

Name____________________

AthensandSparta


AthenswasalargecitystateincentralGreece.

Like other citystates, Athens was torn by

fighting between aristocrats, and other

citizens. In about 594 B.C., a tyrant named

SoloncametopowerinAthens.

Solon reformed the government of Athens.UnderSolon,aristocratsstillruledAthensand

madethelaws.ButSolonsetupanassembly(group)ofcitizenstoapprove lawspassedby

thearistocrats.Hegavepeoplesuchascrafts

workersand farmers the right tovote in the

assembly.

Cleisthenes

In507B.C.,atyrantnamedCleisthenescame

topowerinAthens.Cleisthenesendedruleby

aristocrats. He replaced it with rule by all

citizens.

Under Cleisthenes, Athens became the

world's first democracy. All citizens were

equal under the law. Each citizen had the

right to speak freely and to vote in the

assembly.Eachcitizen,whether richorpoor,

couldbecomeagovernmentleader.

Sparta

ManyGreekcitystatesbecamedemocracies

likeAthens.ButthatwasnottrueofSparta.

SpartawasacitystateinsouthernGreece.

Sparta's government was headed by two

kings. A small group of citizens, called the

CouncilofElders,advisedthekings.

TheSpartansweredescendantsoftheDorian.

By 600 B.C., the Spartans had conquered

most of their neighbors. They forced

conqueredpeopletoworkasslaves.

LifeinSparta

The Spartans were outnumbered by their

slaves. They built a large army to keep the

slaves under control. In time, Spartan life

cametocenteraroundthearmy.

AllSpartanboysbecamesoldiers.Fromages

5 to 20, boys lived inmilitary camps. They

slept on reed mats in cold rooms. They

received frequentwhippingsand trained for

long hours each day. That tough training

made Spartans the most feared soldiers in

Greece.

Spartanwomen also received somemilitary

training.Theypracticedrunning,boxing,and

wrestlingaswell.

LookingBack

1. Describe the government of AthensunderCleisthenes.

2. How was Sparta's government differentfromAthens'government?

3. DescribeSpartanmilitarytraining.


15/25

Name________________________________

ThePersianWars

AsthepopulationofGreecegrew,somecitystates

became overcrowded. To reduce the population,

citystates sent families to other lands to begin

colonies.

By 600 B.C., Greek colonies lined the Black Sea

northofGreece.TheGreeksalso foundedcolonies

around theMediterraneanSea fromAsiaMinor to

Spain.


At the same time theGreekswereexpanding, thePersians were building their empire in Asia. (You

readaboutthePersianEmpire inChapter4.)Soon,

theGreeksandPersianscameintoconflict.

TheBattleofMarathon

TroublebetweentheGreeksandPersiansbegan in

Ionia.ThePersiansconqueredIoniaaround545B.C.

Some Ionians rebelled against Persian rule in 499

B.C. Athens sent ships and troops to help the

Ionians. But King Darius I of Persia crushed the

rebellion.

In490B.C.,DariussentanarmyacrosstheAegean

Sea. Hewanted to punish Athens for helping the

Ionians.

The Persians and Athenians met on the plain of

MarathonnearAthens.ThePersianarmywasmuch

larger than the Athenian army. But the Athenians

defeatedthePersiansanddrovethemfromGreece.

TheSecondPersianInvasion

In 480 B.C., the Persians again invaded

Greece. They were led by Darius' son

Xerxes. Xerxes had a huge army of

perhaps

300,000

soldiers

and

a

navy

of

over 1000 ships. Some Greek citystates

including Sparta and Athens, united to

fightthePersians.

The Persians conqueredmost of northern Greece

andmarched towardAthens.Asmall IGreekarmy

metthePersians inanarrow mountainpassat

Thermopylae. After three days of fighting, the

Greeks were defeated. But their stand at

ThermopylaegavetheAthenianstimetofleethe

city.

TheBattleofSalamis

Athens was empty when the Persians

arrived. The Athenians had fled by ship

tothenearbyislandofSalamis.

ThePersiannavysailedaftertheAthenians.But

theGreeknavywas ready.TheGreeksattacked

the Persians in a narrow channel, or passage,betweenSalamisandthecoast.ThelargePersian

ships could not maneuver (move) well in thechannel.TheGreekswonagreatvictory.

Xerxes' forces withdrew to Asia Minor. The

Greekshaddefeatedthemostpowerfulruler in

the world. They had preserved their

independenceandtheirwayoflife.

LookingBack

1. WhydidDariusIinvadeGreece?

2. WhathappenedatMarathon?AtSalamis?

3. Why was the Greek victory at Salamisimportant?


16/25

Name____________________________________

GoldenAgeofAthens

When thePersianWarsended, thepeopleofAthens

returnedtotheircity.TheyfoundthatthePersianshad

destroyednearlyeverything.Alegendsaysthatamong

the ruins, Athenians found the burned stump of an

olivetree.Growingoutofthestumpwasafreshgreen

shoot.

ToAthenians,thenewshootwasasignfromthegods.

IttoldthemthatAthens,liketheolivetree,wouldrise

fromtheruins.Andriseitdid.Betweenabout479and

404B.C.,Athenswas themostpowerful citystate in

Greece.Historians call thatperiod theGoldenAgeof

Athens.

TheRiseofAthens

After the Persian Wars, several Greek citystates

formedanalliancetomakethemstronger.TheGreeksfeared another invasion by the Persians. And they

wished to free Ionia, which was still under Persian

control.


The headquarters of the

alliancewasontheisland

ofDelos.Forthatreason,

the alliance became

known as the Delian

League. (A league is a

groupofstatesthathave

joinedtogether.)

Athens was the most

powerful member of the Delian League. It was the

largest

city

state.

It

supplied

most

of

the

ships

and

troops for the league. Other citystates supplied

money. Money forthe leaguewaskept inatreasuryonDelos.(Atreasuryisaplacewheremoneyiskept.)

AthensBuildsanEmpire

Afteryearsoffighting,theDelianLeaguefreed

Ionia and ended the threat of a Persian

invasion.Somecitystateswishedto leavethe

league.ButAthens forced thosecitystates to

remainintheleague.Athensalsoforcedothecitystatestojointheleagueagainsttheirwill.

Once theDelian Leaguehadbeenanalliance

of independent citystates,now itbecamean

empireruledbyAthens.

Atheniansmoved the treasury of the league

from Delos to Athens. They began to use

moneysenttotheleaguetorebuildtheircity.

LookingBack

1. Why did several citystates form anallianceafterthePersianWars?

2. What happened when some citystateswishedtoleavetheDelianLeague?


17/25


Name_____________________________

DemocracyintheGoldenAge

YoureadthatAthensbecametheworld'sfirst

democracyinthe500sB.C.DuringtheGolden

AgeofAthens,morepeoplethaneverbefore

tookpartinrunningtheircitystate.

Democracy in Athens was different from

democracy in theUnitedStates today. In the

UnitedStates,voterselectpeopletorepresent(speak for) them in the government. Those

people,calledrepresentatives, makelawsandother decisions about government for the

people. We call that form of democracy

representativedemocracy.

In Athens, citizens met together to vote

directlyon lawsandothermatters.Theydid

notchooseotherstospeakforthem.Wecall

thatformofdemocracydirectdemocracy.

TheAssembly

Themostimportantgroupinthegovernment

ofAthenswas the assembly. Itpassed laws,

elected leaders, and made decisions about

warandpeace.

The assembly met every nine days. Often,

several thousand citizens took part in

assembly meetings. In a meeting, citizens

discussed a law or othermatter. Then they

voted. Eachdecisionhadtobeapprovedbya

majorityofcitizens. (Amajority ismore thanhalf.) Citizens usually voted by a show of

hands.

TheCouncilof5OO

Another important groupwas theCouncilof

500. The Council advised the assembly. Itproposed,orsuggested,lawsfortheassemblytovoteon.Italsomadesurethatlawspassed

bytheassemblywerecarriedout.

Council members were chosen by lot, or bydrawingnames.ThatsystemgaveallAthenians

anequalchancetoserveontheCouncil.

TheJurySystem

LegalcasesinAthensweredecidedbyagroup

ofcitizenscalledajury. Juries inAthenswerelarge.Most had 500members ormore. Jury

memberswere chosen by lot. Athenians had

largejuries for a reason. They believed that

even the richest Athenian could not bribe(influencewithmoney)ajuryof500members.

Atheniansbelieved theirjurysystemprovided

equaljusticeforbothrichandpoorpeople.

Pericles

Eachyeartheassemblyelectedtengeneralsto

leadthemilitary.Thegeneralsalsohelpedthe

assemblyandCouncilof500rulesthecity.One

generalwaselectedalmosteveryyearforover

30years.ThatgeneralwasPericles.

Pericleswasagreatspeaker.Thatskillhelped

himwinvotesforhisideasintheassembly.

Pericles helped poor Athenians play a larger

role in government. He convinced the

assembly to pay peoplewhoworked for the

government. That made it possible for poor

people to take time off from their jobs and

serveingovernment.

LookingBack

1. How was democracy in Athens differentfromdemocracyintheUnitedStates?

2.What

did

the

assembly

do?

3. WhydidAthenshavelargejuries?

4. HowdidPericleshelppoorAtheniansplayalargerroleingovernment?


18/25


Name________________________________

LifeinAthens

Men and women in Athens lived very different

lives. You read thatmen ran the government of

Athens.Onlymencouldbecitizensandvoteinthe

assembly.Onlymencouldbegovernmentleaders.

Men were also the heads of families. Men

controlled family property. They also chose

husbands for theirdaughters andwives for their

sons.Wiveswereexpectedtoobeytheirhusbands.

Womenusuallyspenttheirdaysathomerunning

the household and raising the children. Most

womendidnotevenleavethehousetoshop.Men

usuallydidtheshopping.

Education

AtheniansandotherGreeksbelievedboysshould

develop strongminds. Boyswent to school from

ages 7 to 12. They studied reading, writing,

arithmetic,andmusic.

Girlsweretrainedathometobegoodwivesand

mothers.Theylearnedcookingandhousekeeping.

Fewgirlslearnedtoread

Sports

Men and boys in Athens and other citystates

trained theirbodies,aswellas theirminds.They

spent longhours in thegymnasium. (Thatwas abuilding used for training in sports.) There they

practiced running, jumping, boxing, and other

sports.

The Greeks enjoyed large athletic contests, orgames.ThemostfamouscontestwastheOlympic

Games.Thosegameswereheldeveryfouryearsin

the

city

of

Olympia.

Men

from

all

over

Greece

came to the Olympic Games. Women were not

allowedtotakepartorevenwatch.

Athletes in theOlympicGames competed i

foot races, chariot races, throwing contest

and the long jump. There were boxinmatches and wrestling matches as we

Winning athletes were welcomed home a

heroes.

Religion

The Greeks believed in many gods. The

believed their gods lived onMt.Olympus i

northernGreece. There the godswere rule

byZeus,thechiefgod.

Greeksheldfestivals,orcelebrations,tohonotheir gods. All Greeks, including women

joinedthecelebrationsonfestivaldays.

LookingBack

1. How were the lives ofmen and womedifferentinAthens?

2. HowwereGreekseducated?

3. DescribeGreekreligion.

4. Thinking Deeper: At the gymnasiumyoungmen also learned to use a swor

andjavelin, or spear.Why do you thinthatwasso?


19/25

Name___________________________________

GREEKPHILOSOPHERS

Howdidtheworldbegin?Whatistherightwayforpeopletolive?Mostancientpeople thought thatonly thegods

could answer such questions. ButmanyGreeks

thought differently. They believed people

themselvescouldanswersuchquestionsthrough

reason. They believed people could use theirminds toanswerquestionsabout theworldand

humanbeings.

TheGreekscalledpeoplewhosearched forsuch

answersphilosophers, or ''loversof knowledge.Greek philosophers made important

contributions to the growth ofmodern science

andphilosophy.

Thales

One of the earliest Greek philosophers was

Thales. He lived in Ionia about 600 B.C. Thales

askedhimself thisquestion: "What is theworld

made of?" To find the answer, he carefully

observed,orstudied,theworldaroundhim.Thales' answer was that the world was made

entirelyofwater.Hisanswerwaswrong.Buthis

method

of

finding

answers

through

careful

observation (study)was used by later scientistsandphilosophers.

Socrates

Somephilosopherswere interested inethics,or

ideas about the rightway to live.One of those

philosopherswasSocrates.

Socrateswasa teacherwho lived inAthens.He

taught that people must learn to think for

themselves. Only through clear thinking could

peoplediscovertherightwaytolive.

Socrates taught his students to think clearly by

asking them questions.When Socrateswas not

satisfied with an answer, he asked more

questions. That method of teaching by asking

questionsbecameknownastheSocraticMethod.

Socratesurgedhis students toquestionall their

old beliefs. Some Athenians thought such

teachingwasdangerous. They accused Socrates

of turning his students away from the gods.

Socrateswasputon trial.Ajury foundSocrates

guilty. His penalty was death. In 399 B.C.,

Socratesdrankacupofpoisonanddied.

Plato

AfterSocratesdied,his studentPlatocarriedon

his work. Plato was a great writer. His most

famousbookisTheRepublic.Itisstillreadtoday.InTheRepublic,Platowrotedownhisideasaboutgovernment. Plato did not believe that

democracywasthebestkindofgovernment.He

did not believe that most people could make

gooddecisionsaboutgovernment.Instead,Plato

believed thata smallgroupofwisemen should

runthegovernment.

Aristotle

The last great philosopher of Athens was

Aristotle.HewasastudentofPlato.

Aristotle was a brilliant man who explored all

areasoflearning.Hewrotehundredsofbookson

science, government, philosophy, and other

subjects.

His

books

had

a

great

influence,

or

effect,onlaterphilosophersandscientists.

LookingBack

1. How did the Greeks believe they couldfind answers to questions about the

world?

2. WhatistheSocraticMethod?

3. What did Plato write about government inTheRepublic?



20/25

Name____________________________

Threeactorsperformedall theparts inaGreek

drama. The actorsworemasks that looked like

thecharactertheywereplaying.Themaskswere

largeso that theycouldbeseenbyeveryone in

the huge theaters. The chorus played an

important role in thedrama. It sangor chanted

someofthestory.

GREEKDRAMA

During the Golden Age of Athens, the Greeks

inventedanewformofart.Itwascalleddrama.Inthisnewartform,peopleactedoutstories.

Drama grew out of the Athenian festival for

Dionysus, thegodofwine.During the festival,a

chorus, or group of singers, sang and chanted(spoketogether)storiesaboutDionysus. TragedyandComedy

Atfirst,Greekplaysweretragedies.Atragedyisastoryofgreatsuffering.Theendingisalwayssad.

The greatest Greek tragedies were written by

three Athenians: Aeschylus, Sophocles, and

Euripides.

About500B.C.,an importantchange tookplace

at the festival.Onemember of the choruswas

chosen toactoutpartof thestory.Later,other

actorswereadded.Thestoriesbecamewhatwe

callplays.

Later,theGreekscreatedanotherkindofplay.It

was calleda comedy.Comedieswere filledwithjokes about daily life. They had happy endings.

ThebestcomedieswerewrittenbyanAthenian

namedAristophanes.

GreekTheaters

Greek dramas were performed outdoors.

Theaterswerebuiltonhillsidestogiveeveryone

agoodview.Sometheatersheld10.000people.

Often, several plays were performed one after

another. People brought food and wine to

theatersandstayedallday.

LookingBack

1. HowdidGreekdramadevelop?


2. Howwereplaysperformed?

3. Howweretragediesandcomediesdifferent?


21/25


Name________________________ Date____________

CHAPTER 6

Section 1


A.AsYouRead

Directions:AsyoureadSection1,answerthefollowingquestionsinthespaceprovided.

1. HowwouldyoudescribetheislandsofGreece?____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

2. HowdidGreece'slandformsinfluencethewayoflifeofthepeoplelivingthere?____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

3. AccordingtoGreeklegend,whateventstartedtheTrojanWar?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. WhatperiodoftimehasbeencalledGreece'sDarkAges?____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

5. WhichGreekcitybecamethecenterforanewsystemofgovernmentinwhichcitizensgovernedthemselves?

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________



6. Membersofrichandpowerfulfamilieswhorulecommunitiesareknownas___________________.

7. TheIliadandtheOdyssey,longpoemsabouttheTrojanWaranditsaftermath,areexamplesof___________________

8. Apieceoflandsurroundedbywateronthreesidesisknownasa(n)___________________9. InancientGreece,independentcommunitiesthatfollowedtheirowntraditions,government,

andlawscametobeknownas___________________

10.AnearlyGreeksettlementonahigh,rockyhilliscalleda(n)___________________11. Aformofgovernmentinwhichcitizensgovernthemselvesisknownasa(n)________________12.InancientGreece,rulerswhoweresupportedbythemiddleandworkingclasseswerecalled

________________________________


22/25


Name________________________ Date____________

CHAPTER 6

Section2


GreekReligion,Philosophy,andLiterature

AsYouReadAsyoureadSection2,fillinthetablebelowwithinformationabouttheGoldenAgeofAthens.

YearsoftheGoldenAge

1.

MainPoliticalLeader

2.

ArtisticAccomplishmentsof

Athens

3.

Directions:Inthespaceprovided,writeonestatementabouteachGreekthinker.

4. Thales____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

5. Democritus____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Socrates____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

ReviewingKeyTermsDirections:Completeeachsentencebywritingthecorrecttermintheblankprovided.

7. Aseriousplaythatoftenendsindisasterforthemaincharacteriscalleda__________________.

8. Apersonwhousesthepowerofhisorhermindandreasontounderstandnaturaleventsiscalleda_______________________________.

9. TheancientGreeksbelievedthattheirgodswere_____________________theylivedforever.10.CitiesintheAthenianempirepaid____________________whichmeanstoAthens,addingto

itswealth.


23/25


Name________________________ Date____________

CHAPTER 6

Section3


DailyLifeinAncientGreeks

Directions:AsyoureadSection3,fillinthetablebelowwithinformationaboutthedailylivesoftheancientGreeks.Undereachmainidea,writetwosupportingstatements.

ReviewingKeyTerms

Directions:Completethesentencebelowbywritingthecorrecttermintheblank.

MainIdeaA

ThemarketplaceofAthenswastheliveliestplaceinthecitystate.

1.

2.

MainIdeaB

SlaverywasafactoflifeinancientGreece.

3.

4.

5. ThepublicmarketandmeetingplaceinanancientGreekcitywascalledthe_______________________.


24/25


Name________________________ Date____________

CHAPTER 6

Section4


AthensandSparta:TwoCitiesinConflict

Directions:AsyoureadSection4,fillinthetablewithinformationaboutSpartaandAthens,Lookback

atSections13tofindadditionalinformationaboutAthens.

TwoDifferentCityStates

Sparta Athens

MainWayofLife

1. 2.

RoleofCitizens

3. 4.

RoleofWomen

5. 6.

AttitudeTowardArtand

Learning

7. 8.


Intheblanksprovidedbelow,writethedefinitionsforthefollowingkeyterms.

9. plague____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

10.blockade____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________


25/25

Name________________________ Date____________

CHAPTER 6

Section5


SpreadoftheGreekCulture

A.AsYouReadDirections:AsyoureadSection5,fillinthetablebelowwithinformationaboutKingPhilipand

AlexandertheGreat.

338B.C. 332B.C. 323B.C.

1. 2. 3.

Directions:Brieflydescribetheaccomplishmentsofthefollowingpeople.

4. Euclid________________________________________________________________________

5. Eratosthenes________________________________________________________________________

6. Archimedes________________________________________________________________________

B.ReviewingKeyTerms


7. AtheniansthoughtofMacedoniansas__________________,oruncivilizedpeople.8. AlexandercametothethroneofMacedoniaafterhisfatherwas___________________.10.WhenAlexandertookcontroloflands,hemadethem_______________localculturesby

blendingwithGreekways.

Date post:	07-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	johny-bakos
View:	217 times
Download:	0 times

Ancient Greece Handouts

Documents