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Ancient History ReviewEarly River CivsMesopotamia (Middle East)-Hammurabi's Code (laws)

Egyptmany godslife after death preserved bodiesHieroglyphicsPharaoh or god-kingHatshepsut-QueenKing Tut

Ancient HebrewsMoses led Hebrews slaves out of Egpyt/10 commandants (laws)Holy LandAfter 70 AD Jews were forced from their Holy Land (DIASPORA)

Ancient Greece

Mountains/rockyCity-StatesMythology- Greek Gods and Goddesses, heroesRepresentative DemocracyPericles- believed that citizens should serve their govt and their should be equal opportunity to serve

Ancient IndiaCaste System- people belonged to certain classesBhagavad-Gita -story of warrior prince, written in Sanskrit (ancient Indian language)Buddhism

China

Developed on riverMountainsConfucius-code of proper conduct, used in the Govt, social order, family relationshipRoman EmpireItalyRoman Republic elected representativesRoman Achievements-roads (communication), aqueducts (water)Julius Caesar& Augustus-Roman Emperor

Decline of the Roman EmpireInternal and ExternalCorruptionInvasionsChristianity-Edict of Milan allowed Christians to worship in Empire, before believed in MANY godsImpact Representative governmentEngineering (roads, aqueducts)ArtLanguage basis of many European languages (i.e. Spanish, French)

World History ReviewIslamArabian Peninsula/ArabicMohammed-prophet of IslamAdvances in math, scienceMilitaristic5 pillars (fasting, praying, pilgrimage)

China in the Middle AgesConfucianism-education, scholar-officialYuan then MingInventions-PapermakingPorcelainCompassMovable type

African EmpiresSaharan and Sub-SaharanSalt and goldTradingMuslims

Medieval JapanUsed Chinese writing systemFeudalismSamurai-hired warriors who lived by code called bushido

Samurai

Medieval EuropeFeudalism- relationshipsCatholic Church-all powerful, everyone was CatholicCrusades-fight between Muslims and Christians over Holy LandKings vs. Popes- over power Pope Gregory vs. King HenryDemocracy-Magna Carta- limited kings power

The AmericasMaya (Mexico), Aztec (Mexico), Inca (South America, Peru)Many gods, sacrificeWriting systems (Maya, Aztec)Calendar SystemRoad system (Peru)Pyramids (Maya, Aztec)Aztec and Incan ended by Conquest (Spanish)

Renaissance

Rebirth-focus on human achievement/humanismArt, literature, scienceMichelangelo, Da Vinci, Mona LisaPainting looked 3D, Christian themesShakespearePrinting press-Guttenberg's BibleReformationProblems in the Catholic ChurchSpanish InquisitionSelling of indulgences or pardons for sin, corruption95 Theses-arguments against churchMartin Luther-faith onlyCalvin-PredestinationChurch of England-Henry VIIIWeakened Catholic Churches, new ways of worshiping

Scientific Revolution

New scientific theoriesCopernicus and Galileo (put on trial) - Earth revolves around the sunNewton-gravityBacon-scientific methodCatholic Church again weakened-science knows some stuff too!Exploration ExplorationBetter ships and technologyColumbus discovered AmericaDisease spreadSlave tradeEurope wants to form coloniesSpanish destroy populations of Aztecs and Incans

Enlightenment

Scientific approach to societyDemocracy and peoples rightsLocke, Voltaire,Americans declare independence from England based on Enlightenment ideasUnited States History (Our Country!!)13 Colonies then Revolution

13 English ColoniesBritish Territory in the New WorldFactors that brought revolutionGreat Awakening opened minds about themselvesHappened before RevolutionDiscussion and debateDeclaration of Independence13 colonies wanted to be free of mother country Great BritainLife, liberty and happinessCan change laws that are unfairListed problems colonies had with king Declared IndependenceGovernment should be by the peopleBeginning of REVOLT/REVOLUTION!!

Articles of Confederation, then ConstitutionFirst attempt at Gov was A of C-did not work so wrote the ConstitutionConstructionThe Great Compromise- balance freedom and power w/ Senate (equal representation) and H of R (based on population)Bill of Rights- protections for INDIVDUAL AND STATESHoped slavery would decline

Principles of American GovtFederalismShared between states and strong national govtSeparation of Powers3 branches of govt- executive (enforces laws/pres), legislature (makes laws) and judicial (reviews laws)Checks and BalancesNo one person/part of govt has too much powerFreedom of the Press-people can educate themselves, check on govt (watchdog)Political PartiesStated w/ debates of ConstitutionFederalist vs Anti-Federalists

Hamilton/FederalistJefferson/Democratic-RepublicanEnglandIndustryTariffsBusiness1)France2) Farmers3) states rightsRebellionsShays Rebellion (1786)MassachusettsEnd of Articles of ConfederationShowed need for strong central govtThe Whiskey Rebellion (1794)Whiskey TaxFarmersShowed governments new authorityPut down quickly, Pres showed up!Washingtons FarewellUnityNo political partiesNo debt

Growing Bigger

1803 Louisiana PurchaseLewis and Clark-explored LP trying to find way to Pacific OceanNations Literature/ArtWashington Irving and James Fennimore CooperAmericas sense of identityNative AmericansNature

War of 1812Another war w/ BritainBritish disrespect of shipping rights and Native AmericanWhen British withdrew NA not able to stop settlers

New PoliciesMonroe DoctrineThink NO to Europeans in North and South AmericaManifest DestinyIts our FATE to move westward to the Pacific OceanNative America treaties ignored Fighting for Rights because not everyone had themAbolitionistsWanted slavery abolishedFrederick DouglassFormer slaveNorth StarWilliam Lloyd Garrison, too

Womens RightsSeneca Falls-wanted suffrage or right to voteFocused in northeast part of countrySusan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady StantonMeanwhile in the SouthCotton is King!!Cotton GinPlantation owners ruleSlaveryFree blacks-could not vote or get an education

JacksonIndian Removal ActTrail of TearsTexan Independence & Mex-Amer WarTexas belonged to Mexico-Lone Star RepublicTexas dispute=warNew territory

Slave vs Free StatesStates Rights Doctrine-states could break away and didnt have to follow all laws

Missouri Comp 1820Compromise of 1850-Slave states in South-Free states in North-Line-Ca Free state-Fugitive Slave Act-Territories could vote (popular sovereignty) on Slave vs FreeNorth Vs. SouthNorthMovement to citiesCold ClimatePoor for farmingindustrializationTextiles (fabric) FactoriesSouthFew citiesSlave workAgricultureFarming/cotton/tobaccoWarm ClimateGood for farming

RED=UNION OR YANKEESBLUE=CONFEDERATES OR REBELSThe Civil WarLincoln is PresidentGoal as president: to maintain UNITY-theSouth had seceded Gettysburg AddressLike the Dec of IndependenceSELF GOVERNMENT & HUMAN RIGHTS

Lincolns 2nd Inaugual Address (was voted president again during the Civil War)With malice toward none; with charity forall; with firmness in the right, as God givesus to see the right, let us strive on to finishthe work we are in; to bind up the nationswounds; to care for him who shall haveborne the battle, and for his widow andorphan, to do all which may achieve andcherish a just and lasting peace amongourselves, and with all nations.After the war, Lincoln wants to rebuild and make peace with the SouthDuring the Civil WarSouth wins a lot of battles in the beginning the South has a military background BUTLater onthe Union defeats the SouthWHY?? North has more:MONEYINFASTRUCTURE (ROADS, TRAINS, HARBORS/SHIPS)Strategy: Union cuts off Southern ports and prevents Confederates from selling cotton to Europe

Richmond, VA

POST-CIVIL WARCalled Reconstruction The Union wanted to make sure the civil rights of the formerly enslaved were protectedFreedmans Bureau created schools for former slaves and provide help (assistance)

Changes to the Constitution!!!!13th, 14th, 15th Amendment added to protect the civil rights of AAs13th, 14th, and 15th AmendmentsThe Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery to this day.The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution declared that all persons born or naturalized in the United States are American citizens including African Americans.The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's race, color, or previous condition of servitude.But do you think this equality will last?SoonKKK and other racist groups begin to pop up

2nd Industrial RevolutionNew technology and bad working conditions created UNIONS!!!People wants rights over their LABOR so they teamed up to demand rightsNow we have the weekend! Thank you UNIONS!

Places like CHICAGO and DETROIT began to grow as more factories were built there.

More immigrants came (ITALIANS, RUSSIANS, JEWS) and the govt encouraged these immigrants to stay in cities CASTLE GARDEN AND ELLIS ISLAND