Know who the Ancient Egyptians were.

Know the time period of when the Ancient Egyptians existed.

Know about Egypt today.

The Ancient Egyptians were one of the world’s great civilisations who lived in North East Africa in a country called Egypt over 3000 years ago.

They lived in North East Africa and were bought together by the River Nile.

They were famous for pyramids, mummies and riches of King Tutankhamun.

We know about Ancient Egypt fromthe ruins and artefacts left behind which have helped us to build a picture of what life was like in ancient Egypt.

Egypt is in North East Africa and the River

Nile (one of the longest rivers in the world) runs through

the country.

The land is mostly desert and Ancient

Egypt is very famous for building pyramids

which still exist today.

What are Pyramids?The pyramids are the stone tombs of Egypt's kings - the Pharaohs - and one of the world's greatest historical mysteries. They have stood for thousands of years, filled with many hidden secrets including clues about what life (and death) was like in Ancient Egypt.Did you know?

The largest pyramid of all contains

2,000,000 blocks of stone, each

weighing about the same as a double-

decker bus!

How do pyramids help us to know so much about life in Ancient Egypt?

• Ancient Egyptians were buried with their belongings and the tomb walls were painted with scenes from the dead persons life. By examining the objects (artifacts) and paintings in the tombs, we have been able to understand a lot more about life in Ancient Egypt.

• We can learn about how the Egyptians lived by looking at the objects stored in pyramids ready to be used in the afterlife.

https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=d42fuVA21To

https://www.google.com/maps/about/behind-the-

scenes/streetview/treks/pyramids-of-giza/

Hieroglyphs

The Egyptians used to write using small picture. We call these hieroglyphs. The hieroglyphics on the tomb walls contained spells, prayers and maps to guide the soul on its journey.

What’s in a Name?

A cartouche is an oval ring.

An important person's name, such

as a pharaoh, would be surrounded

by a cartouche.

It would usually be vertical with a horizontal

line at the bottom.

Photo courtesy of Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP (@Wikimedia commons) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

This is from the

mortuary temple of

Queen Twosret from the

19th Dynasty in Egypt.

Cartouche

The word ‘cartouche’ means ‘gun cartridge’. When

French soldiers were in Egypt in the 19th century,

they saw cartouches carved on the walls of tombs.

The soldiers thought that they looked like gun

cartridges.

Egyptians call cartouches

‘shenu’, which means

‘encircle’.

Symbolism

Symbolism was very important to the

ancient Egyptians. The oval shape of the

cartouche represented a rope which was

tied at one end. This represented the

pharaoh’s rule over the universe.

Photo courtesy of Henry Walters (@Wikimedia commons) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

Eternity and ProtectionThe shape of a cartouche is similar to the shen sign.

The shen sign represents eternity and the ancient

Egyptian god of eternity, Heh.

It was believed that anyone who had their name

inside a cartouche would be protected for

eternity by the gods.

A Useful DiscoveryIf archaeologists discover a cartouche, they can

identify the era that the tomb was built and who the

pharaoh was.

Cartouches were later used in decorative objects like

rings and amulets.

Photo courtesy of Asta, Pharos, file upload bot (@Wikimedia commons) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution

These cartouches are

carved into a tomb in

Luxor, Egypt.

HieroglyphsThe name within the cartouche would be written in hieroglyphs.

Heiroglyphs were a form of writing created by the ancient Egyptians.

Each symbol represents a letter.

Can you spell your name using the hieroglyphs?

a b c d ef g

nmlkjih

o p q r s t u

v w x y z ch

sh man woman

Egyptian

necklaces

Some examples of Egyptian

necklaces

You are going to design and make

your own Egyptian collar necklace

Pharaoh Self Portraits

How the Ancient Egyptians drew their pharaohs

• Heads were almost always shown in profile (sideways) view.

• It is easier to get the nose correct when drawing a face from the side.

• Profile heads also allowed the artist to show the ear and headdresses or hair.

• Some headdresses were twisted to show the front view to make the image clearer.

Different Ancient Egyptian Headdresses

Turn yourself into a pharaoh!

Some inspiration

Mummification!

You are about to become Ancient

Egyptian embalmers… Yuck!

EquipmentHere is a list of things that will help you:

• Tomatoes

• Antibacterial hand wash (containing alcohol)

• Natron (Table salt and bicarbonate of soda)

• Kitchen towel

• Containers

• Knives

• Spoons

• Weighing scales

Step One• Look at your dead body (tomato)

• What does it look like? (colours, shine, skin etc)

• What does it smell like?

• How does it feel?

• Make notes; you can draw a picture if you wish!

Step Two• Make a small incision in the body (tomato)

using a knife and scoop out the seeds inside using a spoon.

• We can throw these bits away (but the ancient Egyptians would store the lungs, liver, stomach and guts in canopic jars.)

Step Three

• Rub your body (tomato) inside and out with the alcohol (antibacterial wash) using kitchen towel. This will kill any nasty germs that may be lurking inside the body.

Step Four• Weigh your mummy. This is its pre-

mummification weight.

• Be sure to make a note of this weight; we will need this weight later on!

Step Five• Next, pack the body (tomato) with a

special salt called Natron. (an equal mix of table salt and bicarbonate of soda)

• Place your stuffed body inside a container also filled with Natron.

Now we wait!

• Ancient Egyptians would have to wait 70 days to be able to complete their mummification process, but we are going to wait for two weeks.

• What do you think will happen to the body (tomato)?