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Unit 4

Ancient Rome

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The Geography of Rome

Built on 7 rolling _______ Located near the center of the _________ Peninsula

o Peninsula is located in the ___________________ Sea

Ideal location for __________

Area had very good __________

_______ natural barriers

o Helped _________ the people

The Apennine mountains run down the center of the

________________ and the Alps are located to the north

Neither mountain range prevented ___________ or ___________

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First Inhabitants of Rome Rome was founded circa ______ BC on seven ______ overlooking the ___________ River

Legend states that Rome was founded by the twins _________ and ________

The people that originally occupied the area were the _______________

Flourished from 900 BC- 509 BC

Driven out by the ________

Rise of the Roman Republic (509 BC -27 BC) The Romans established a new form of government called a ____________

______________ are chosen by the _________ (__________________________)

Roman government under the republic can be seen as combining ____________________,

_____________________, and ________________________ types of government

Two Major Social Classes

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The Roman Republic

Senate _________________ portion Most ________________ governing body in Rome ________ members chosen from the __________ class

(only much later would plebeians be represented) Influenced ______________ and _____________ policies

Tribunes ______________ portion Plebeian formed assemblies run by all plebeians Protected the rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of patrician

officials

Consuls _________________ portion Elected by the ___________, ______ in total One looked after the ___________ of government while the other

commanded the _________ Had ______ year terms and were _____ eligible for reelection for

__________ years

Dictator Appointed by ___________ Elected by ____________ Assumed position during times of ______________ only Was only allowed to serve for _______ months

Twelve Tables (451 BC) Became the basis for ______________________

Established the ideas that

__________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

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Homework : Roman Republic:

Use your textbook (pages 155-159) to answer the following questions.

1. Name two reasons founders of Rome chose the spot for the city. (p 155, par. 2)

________________________________________

________________________________________

2. Name two ways Etruscans influenced Roman civilization. (p 156, par. 1)

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

3. What is the main reason the Twelve Tablets were important? (p. 156, par. 6)

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4. What were the two sides of the Punic Wars and the result of their conflict?

(pp. 158-159)

____________________________ and _____________________________

________________________ won and achieved dominance over much of the western

_________________________

Republic

What words do you associate with it?

What are some related words?

Where is it found? Why is it important?

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Words to Know: The words in the box are often used when talking about ancient Rome. Match each word with the correct definition below. Write the letter of the term on the line.

1. _______ ruler who has total power

2. _______ a member of one of Rome’s wealthiest families

3. _______ a nation in which the citizens elect their leaders

4. _______ one of the two main elected officials in the Roman Republic

5. _______ a member of Rome’s large class of ordinary citizens

6. _______ a member of Rome’s large class of ordinary citizens

Roman Numerals: The people of ancient Rome used a different number system than the Indo-Arabic numerals we use today. We call this system Roman numerals. The system used letters to stand for certain values. The table shows the letters and their values.

To show other values, the letter symbols were combined. If the same symbol was repeated, the values were added. If two symbols were written together with the larger value on the left and the smaller one on the right, the values were added. If two symbols were written together with the smaller value on the left and the larger on the right, then the smaller value was subtracted from the larger one. III = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3 XI = 10 + 1 = 11 IV = 5 – 1 = 4

1. VII _________ 3. III _________

2. XIV _________ 4. CCV __________

a. aqueduct c. dictator e. plebeian

b. consul d. patrician f. republic

I = 1 V = 5 X = 10 L = 50

C = 100 D = 500 M = 1000

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Punic Wars

RISE and fall of the Roman Empire By 246 BC Rome had conquered all of Italy and the following

surrounding areas;

__________, _________, ________, ________, & areas of Asia Minor

Rome has taken over many areas of the empire of ____________________

Reasons for Rome’s success Very powerful _____________- the Roman legions

Strong and efficient _______________

____________________________________________

Series of 3 wars fought between Rome and Carthage

1st Punic War

(264 BC- 241 BC)

• ____________defeat _______________

• Gain control of __________and the __________Mediterranean

2nd Punic War

(218 BC- 202 BC)

• Carthage general _____________takes large army through Spain, across France, and through the Alps

• Hannibal dominates until Romans attack ________________, and force Hannibal to return ______

• __________ wins

3rd Punic War

(149 BC- 146 BC)

• Romans laid siege to ___________

• Fields of Carthage are ________= inability to grow ________= forced __________________to Rome

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Fall of the Republic

The major expansion created a large ______________________ between the

________________________.

It also led to government _____________________

Several attempts of reform led to _________________________

The First Triumvirate _____________________________________________________________

The First Triumvirate consisted of

_____________________

______________

______________

________________ was the most charismatic and came to power in __ BC

Julius Caesar Made several ____________ of other areas around the Mediterranean Sea

Reforms

_______________________________________

_______________________________________ _______________________________________

_______________________________________

On March 15,th 44BC Julius Caesar was

_________________

This day is referred to as the Ides of March

Led to the Rise of the Roman ______________….

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Pax Pamana=Roman Peace

Period of ___________, ______________ and ________________ _______________

Impressive ___________________ were constructed

Over 50,000 miles of ____________ were paved

______________ were built to carry ________ from as far 50 miles away

Roman Contributions

Architecture: use of __________, __________, and _____________

o Example: Coliseum

Engineering 1,000 of miles of _________ and ___________;

multistoried buildings

Latin Language: Basis for _____________, _______________, Portuguese,

and __________________ (Romance Language)

o It is a major influence on _________________

Government: during the Pax Ramana, Emperors only appointed

well _________________ and ________________ officials

Economy and Trade: the vast empire allowed the Romans to

establish prosperous trade routes throughout the __________________

o __________ and Ivory came from ______________

o ____________ came from the Nile River delta in ____________

o ____________ and gems came from ___________

o ___________ came from ______________ via the ___________ ___________

o _______________ were regulated by the government and made

____________ easier

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Activity The Roman Empire

Part A: Use the correct word from the box to complete each sentence.

Augustus: First ruler of the Roman Empire

civil war: conflict between groups in the same country

Julius Caesar: Military leader who brought order to Rome and governed as an absolute ruler

Pax Romana: Period of Roman peace and prosperity

triumvirate: group of three rulers

1. Julius Caesar, Crassus and Pompey formed a _________________ that dominated Rome for

10 years.

2. The Roman Republic could not survive because it was plagued by ________________.

3. The dictator of Rome who was assassinated by a group of senators was _______________.

4. The Roman Empire was at peace for over 200 years during the period called the

__________________.

5. The emperor of the Roman Empire at the beginning of the Pax Romana was

__________________.

Part B: Use your textbook (pages 162-164) to fill in the chart.

Roman Empire Form of

Government

Economy

Values

Social

Structure

Religion

Entertainment

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Name: __________________________ Date: _____________

The Roads of the Roman Empire

Interpreting text and visuals

1. How is the area of the Roman Empire shown? _________________________

2. What symbol represents roads on the map? ___________________________

3. What is the approximate straight line distance in miles between Paris and

Rome? _________

4. How many miles made up the Roman Roads? _______________

5. Which two rivers provided a natural path for the Roman Roads to follow?

__________________________ and __________________________

6. What is one drawback to the Roman roads? ________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

7. Suppose you are a Roman general who must move a legion of soldiers

from Rome to Carthage. Describe your two options.

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

8. “ All roads lead to Rome” is a famous saying that originally described the

Roman highway system. Why would the Romans have developed their

road network with Rome as its focus?

___________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

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Name: _____________________________ Date: _________________

Video: Daily Life in Rome

Summary: The Roman Empire was a place of grand cities, magnificent buildings, and riches of every kind. Long roads connected all the cities of the vast empire to Rome. This segment explores what Roman citizens wore, where they lived, what they ate, and other aspects of daily life. What cultural and economic habits of the Romans have continued to be important in today’s daily life? (Name at least 3)

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The Rise of Christianity

Early religion of the Roman Empire was ____________________.

The Romans borrowed ideas from the ____________ Believed in many ___________ that had human characteristics

Appeal of Christianity:

Christ and his followers ____________________________ People were given ________ and poor received acts of _______ The Holy Land of _______________ was part of the Roman Empire.

This is where ________________ was born and grew up. Monotheistic:

o Christians refused to worship the emperor. The Romans _________ this refusal and began to ______________ the

Christians In Rome, Christians were often fed to the ___________ as a

_____________________________________ ____________- _____________ that refused to obey the Romans

and were willing to ___ for their ____________

Legalization of Christianity in Rome

312 AD: _______________________________ was in battle o he envisioned the words,” In Hoc Signo Vinces” (with this as your

standard you will have victory) o After Constantine’s army won the battle, he allowed

_____________________ to be practiced _____________ _____________________________________

In 392 AD, Emperor Theodosius __________________________ _________________________________________

As Rome converted to Christianity, it _______________ throughout the empire o This allowed it to become a __________________ in only a few centuries

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Activity Rise of Christianity

Part A: Use the correct word from the box to complete each sentence.

apostle: close follower or pupil of Jesus

bishop: head of the Christian churches in one area

Constantine: Roman Emperor who ended persecution of the Christians

Diaspora: Driving away of the Jews from their homeland in Palestine

pope: leader of the entire Christian Church

1. Jews lost their homeland in the _____________ because they rebelled against Roman

rule.

2. Later bishops called Peter the first ______________ because he was the first bishop of

Rome.

3. Paul was an _____________ and helped spread the teachings of Jesus.

4. The Roman emperor ______________ believed that the Christian God had helped him

win the battle for leadership of Rome.

5. Eventually, each major city in the Roman Empire had its own ____________________.

Part B: Use your textbook (pages 170-171) to fill in the chart.

How did each of the following help promote the

spread of Christianity?

Pax Romana

Paul

Constantine

Theodosius

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The Decline of the Empire Under the emperor Diocletiam, the Roman Empire was split into _____ ________

o Severely weakened the military and the economy

o ________________ Roman Empire

___________ - speaking area (Greece, Anatolia, Syria, Egypt)

o ________________ Roman Empire

___________ -speaking area (Italy, Gaul, Britain, and Spain)

Rome was in decline from 200AD to 500 AD Final Collapse came as a result of ______________ _______________

o People/tribes that invaded the Roman Empire

__________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

__________________

Factors

surrounding the

collapse of Rome

Military Political

Economic Social

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Definition: Symbol or Picture:

Definition in my own words: Sample Sentence:

Legacy

Activity: Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization Complete the word square:

Use the textbook to answer the following questions:

Roman Contributions to Western Civilization 1. Two influences of Latin: (p 181, par. 5)

2. Two architectural features of Roman Structures: (p 181, par. 6)

3. Two practical works of Roman engineers that survive today: (p. 181, par. 7; p. 183, par. 2)

4. Five principles of Roman law that form the basis of Western legal systems: (p. 183, pars. 3-4)

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Name: _________________________Constructed Response: The Roman Coliseum Directions: Read the following paragraphs. Use the reading and the pictures to answer the following questions.

The Roman Coliseum was a tremendous achievement in architecture. Many aspects

of the Coliseum can be found in today’s modern stadiums such as Ralph Wilson Stadium in Orchard Park, New York. The arches, multi levels and oval design of the Coliseum are evident in many modern stadiums and amphitheatres. The Coliseum, similar to countless facilities such as Ralph Wilson Stadium, served as open air places for the public to attend events. The Coliseum could seat up to 55,000 people. Ralph Wilson seats up to 75,000. The Coliseum had a very practical seating plan. Entrances were numbered, stairways led to specific platforms, and spectators could enter marked areas and be in their seats quickly. At, “The Ralph,” sections are also numbered off so patrons (people that pay) can easily find their seats.

The Coliseum was used for public events that served as cultural entertainment such as gladiator fights, mock naval battles, and wild animal hunts. Ralph Wilson Stadium is also used for public entertainment events such as football games and concerts.

1. What are the similarities

between the picture of the Roman Coliseum and the picture of the floor plan of

Ralph Wilson Stadium?

2. What did the Roman Coliseum and “The Ralph” have in common in regards to

spectators quickly and conveniently locating their seats?

3. What were both the Coliseum and Ralph Wilson Stadium used for?

The Roman Coliseum

Ralph Wilson Stadium

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Anticipating Test Questions As you study, ask yourself, “What questions would test understanding of this

material?” Anticipating questions will help prepare you for test day. Directions: Read the following selection. Then write questions about the material.

1. Write one true/false question.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Write one multiple choice question.

________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________

a. _________________________________ c. ________________________________

b. _________________________________ d. ________________________________

3. Write one fill in the blank question

________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Make a three question matching test.

1. ________________________________ a. ___________________________________

2. _________________________________ b. ___________________________________

3. _________________________________ c. ___________________________________

5. Write one essay question. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Roman Republic

In 509 BC the people of Rome rebelled against their king. They took government into their own hands and set up the Roman Republic. The Republic was a democracy. Many Romans became citizens and had a voice in government. However, only adult males could vote. Wealthy landowners, called patricians, actually ran the Republic. Patricians served in the senate and made laws. The common people, called plebeians, had few rights. Plebeians were not allowed to vote until 287 BC. Although not all Romans had equal rights, the Republic became a model for our own system of representative government.