Ancient Rome:Rise of an Empire

After the Reformers

Enter Julius CaesarEarly Life• Born 100 BCE• Supposedly

descended from Romulus and Remus

• Grandnephew of Gaius Marius

Watch the Video: Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire, Episode 3First 14:30 minutes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqElPOyb-S4&t=868s(For the next 2 slide notes & then go over the slides)

Polit ical Life

-elected consul in 59 BCE

Plan for Power

-join with Pompey the Great (military leader) & Crassus (wealthy polit ician) to secure the 1st t riumvirate

Military Life

-Leads army into Northern Gaul

What were his successes?

• -Conquers all of Gaul

• -Crosses the Rhine

• -Fights the Germanic t ribes

• -Invades Great Britain

Should have reviewed the last 2 slides for notes from the video: Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire, Episode 3

First 14:30 minutes: ht tps:/ /www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqElPOyb-S4&t=868s

The Crossing of the Rubicon RiverWhat happens to the Triumvirate?Crassus dies in Persia-Triumvirate is gone

What does the Senate decide?-Disband Caesar’s army & have him return to Rome-Caesar refused-Pompey sides with Senate-This signals the start of a civil war between Caesar & Pompey/Rome.

Why did Caesar cross the Rubicon River?-Caesar invades Rome by crossing the river; considered t reason against Rome-Caesar takes all of Italy, & Pompey was killed in Egypt.

After Caesar Defeats Pompey

Caesar: Large and in Charge

47 BCE: Caesar named dictator

45 BCE: Caesar named dictator for LIFE

Caesar’s Reforms

5. Granted cit izenship to conquered peoples

6. Set up the Julian calendar (our calendar)

3. Established the Praetorian Guard

2. Set up colonies where poor people could own land

4. Created public works jobs for the poor

1. Dist ributed free grain

Differing Views of Caesar as a Ruler

The good? Wise ruler who brought peace to Rome.

The bad?A tyrant who wanted to be king.

What do you think?

The Assassination of CaesarWhy was Julius Caesar assassinated?-Ancient Roman Law-anyone who plotted to be king may be killed without a trial.

Where does this law come from?

-The Senators also feared Caesar’s power and popularity, and that he would diminish their role in government.

The Ides of March: -March 15 44 BCE, Caesar was assassinated by the Senate-Rome was plunged into civil war

Watch the Video: Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire, Episode 3Last 10 minutes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqElPOyb-S4&t=868s

After Caesar Dies

The Second TriumvirateWho makes up the 2nd Triumvirate? -Three of Caesar’s supporters banded together to kill all of Caesar’s assassins and to fix Rome.

-Octavian (Caesar’s grandnephew, gets the West including Italy)-Marc Antony (Caesar’s general, gets the East including Greece and Egypt)-Marcus Lepidus (power politician gets North Africa)

The Second Triumvirate Accomplishments:-42 BCEdefeated the Senate

-Executed all Senators responsible for Caesar’s death

-The triumvirate ruledfor 10 years.

Trouble with the Triumvirate… End result?What happened to the 2nd

Triumvirate?• Octavian plot ted to

take all the power for himself & not share it with his two other companions.

• Octavian forced Lepidus to ret ire from polit ics.

• Marc Antony commit ted suicide with his lover Cleopatra after Octavian defeated him in batt le.

• Octavian renamed himself Augustus and became the 1st Roman Empire.

Augustus Caesar27 BCE appointed Consul, Tribune, and Commander in Chief for life

-ruled for 41 years-reformed the provinces-welfare system of bread at circuses-imports grain to feed people-rebuilds Rome-replaces brick with marble-built new roads

BIG DEALS:

Augustus Caesar

Major Result-Augustus’ rule resulted in the Pax Romana: 200 years of peace

Problem: Augustus left no rule for succession

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-5125295/Landing-site-Julius-Caesars-invasion-Britain-found.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallic_Warshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesarhttp://slideplayer.com/slide/11001087/https://www.historyandheadlines.com/words-phrases-we-got-from-romans/https://www.preceden.com/timelines/136821-world-historyhttp://www.ssqq.com/travel/barcelona2009caesar.htmhttp://thedailyjournalist.com/the-historian/dissecting-romes-second-triumvirate/https://www.goldstar.com/los-angeleshttps://www.military-history.org/intel/augustus-caesar-the-greatest-leader-of-all-time.htmhttps://study.com/academy/lesson/roman-law-and-the-pax-romana.htmlhttps://www.haikudeck.com/pax-romana-education-presentation-7Jcrjr0kxAhttp://www.italymagazine.com/featured-story/romans-chariot-racinghttp://www.history.com/news/history-lists/8-ways-roads-helped-rome-rule-the-ancient-world

Works Cited List