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ANCIENTS AND ARCHETYPES
Joseph Campbells hero cycle Joseph Campbells Journey of a
Hero
Based on The Hero with a Thousand Faces: a Theory for All the Ages.
= = = = Gilgamesh Odysseus Aeneus Buddha Moses Joseph Campbell, a
historian/writer/linguist/mythologist, studied ancient texts and
traveled the world to understand myths from both eastern and
western cultures.He noticed uncanny connections among the heroes of
the ancient world. (Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces,
1949.)
The MonoMYTH It will always be the one, shape-shifting yet
marvelouslyconstant story that we find, together with
achallengingly persistent suggestion of more remainingto be
experienced than will ever be known or told. (Campbell, The Hero
with a Thousand Faces, 1949.) Campbell found connections and
patterns among characters, which are called ARCHETYPES.Writers
should not be frozen by the fear of repeating the same old story,
because every hero brings new details or circumstances that will
interest the reader.The Hero Cycle is not a formulaits a naturally
occurring phenomenon that humans have been repeating as long as
stories have been told! arch = first, orginal and type =
model
ARCHETYPES arch = first, orginaland type = model Around the same
time that Joseph Campbell was writing about theheros journey, Carl
Jung theorized that different character types are apart of our
psyche were all telling the same story based on ourcollective
unconscious. Archetypes: The heroThe explorerThe trickster The
innocentThe shadowThe child The caregiverThe anima/animusThe maiden
Modern-day writers and filmmakers often study Campbells work to
create characters who represent archetypes like: the hero, the
mentor, the villain, the trickster, etc.d Youve already
experiencedthe hero cycle if youve seenor read:
The Matrix Star Wars Excalibur Superhero movies likeSuperman,
Batman, etc. Pinocchio The Odyssey The Legend of King Arthur
Indiana Jones movies Several biblical parables Aladdin (and most
otherDisney movies) Star Wars is often used as anexample of the
hero cycle becauseGeorge Lucas stumbled across a copyof Hero with a
Thousand Faces andthen consulted with Joseph Campbellas he
developed his master blueprintfor the films. OVERVIEW of the hero
cycle
Each chapter within the book Hero with a Thousand Faces can be
interpretedas a substep of the hero cycle (there are 17 substeps).
Some writers/mythologists have condensed the steps or they may call
themby different names.The gist the heros tale is always the same!
The steps of the hero cycle do not have to unfold in a specific
order, but theydo typically follow these three major
steps:separation, initiation, and return. Heres a condensed version
ofthe hero cycle that displaysthe most important steps! Heres a
really, really, reallycondensed graphic image ofthe hero cycle! How
are you like harry potter, Frodo baggins, and Katniss
everdeen?
Link to TED Ed Lesson: CALL to adventure There are 4 major types of
calls:
1) Something has been taken: the quest is to find it 2) Something
is missing in life: the quest isto find what is lacking 3) Honor
has been sullied: someones good name or reputation must be restored
4) Something is not permitted: the quest is to right the wrongs of
the world CALL to adventure Some heroes are willing to go on
theadventure (like Harry Potter orEnder); others are reluctant
orunwilling, at least at first (like BilboBaggins). transformative
crisis v. gradual call heralds (often a stranger or ananimal) may
deliver the call Transformative crisis:Prims name is called at the
Reaping. Harrys call to adventure is announced via an animal
(owls), then a stranger (Hagrid). The hero may not be 100% on board
right away!
Refusal of the call The hero may not be 100% on board right away!
Look for an obvious negative reaction OR just a last moment of
hesitancybefore the hero leaves the ordinary world based on fears
of the unknown or societal/familial/cultural constraints may be
manifested through a regret or desire for normalcy the call may be
refused on behalf of the hero by someone else can only result in
stagnation, disintegration, and death, so this alwaysleads up to an
ACCEPTANCE OF THE CALL "We are plain quiet folk and have no use for
adventures
"We are plain quiet folk and have no use for adventures. Nasty
uncomfortable things! Make you late for dinner! I can't see what
anybody sees in them...we don't want any adventures here, thank
you! You might try over The Hill or across The Water. ~ Bilbo
Baggins, The Hobbit Supernatural aid (mentors and helpers)
Heroes get help along the way! 1) Mentors are protective figures
whocounsel or teach the hero. 2) Helpers or sidekicks are sometimes
calledthe loyal companions. 3) Aid can arrive in the form of a
magicalobject called a talisman (sword, map,helmet, ring, light
saber, etc.) MENTORS: Mentors dont always wear pointy hats and
long,white beards.Can you identify these mentors? Can you name the
sidekicks for these heroes? Crossing the threshold
Leaving the ordinary world passage must be earnedby overcoming
somekind of obstacle threshold is often blocked by an adversary or
guardian who requires the hero to rethink theplan threshold = the
territory between the knownand the unknown The Star Wars cantina
scene is a famous crossing the threshold moment, because Luke
encounters strange beings and must overcome obstacles to leave his
ordinary life behind. Click on the image above or on this link to
see a Lego rendition of the cantina scene: Belly of the whale/into
the abyss
Pausea hero is born! The final stage of leaving the ordinary and
moving into the known world iscalled the BELLY OF THE WHALE (if the
hero is in an enclosed womb-likespace) or INTO THE ABYSS (if the
hero is alone and wandering).Its a timeof contemplation, and often
includes imagery of death (of the old self) andbirth (of the hero,
ready to face trials and challenges). 2) The Belly of the Whale
step = a symbol of the womb a form of self-annihilation a
near-death (or death of the old ways/the old self) and a
resurrection A series of obstacles/challenges/quests
THE ROAD OF TRIALS A series of obstacles/challenges/quests Common
types of TRIALS include:brother battle, dragon
battle,abduction/sea/night journeys, symbolic dismemberment or
death. Campbell noted that: tests may be physical or spiritual the
trials become progressively more difficult the hero discovers and
assimilates his opposite either by swallowing it or by
beingswallowed (Cambell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces). 3)Another
testfor our hero is facing TEMPTATION (often represented by
atemptress character distracting the hero from the intended quest.)
THE ROAD OF TRIALS The ultimate trial or challenge is called the
Supreme Ordeal You mean you'll put down your rock, and I'llput down
my sword and we'll try and kill eachother like civilized people? --
Wesley, The Princess Bride MEETING WITH THE GODDESS
Girl power!Campbell said the woman representsthe totality of what
can be known. 1) Be on the lookout for a female character who
offersaid/nurturing/healing to the hero in a time of need. 2)
Sometimes this character is a love interest, and the story
incorporatesa mystical marriage. 3) Sometimes the goddess is more
of a fairy godmother/nurturer. 4) A hero may find intuition; a
heroin may rely more on logic. Seducing the hero away from his
path
THE TEMPTRESS Seducing the hero away from his path 1)the meeting
with a woman may be another obstacle to overcome woman = a symbol
of life, so recognizing the woman as temptress = a revulsion of the
flesh or earthly self The hero finds the power within
transformation The hero finds the power within 1)Ultimately, the
hero must come to grips with the thing that held themost power over
him in life.For many, thats the father figure.In theATONEMENT
stage, the hero becomes at one with himself and hisnew identity as
a hero.He realizes (often after encouragement orrecognition) that
he has replaced his father he is in control of hisdestiny.
2)APOTHEOSIS happens to some hero figures, when they reach amoment
of such triumph that they temporarily feel god-like, like theycan
accomplish something that ordinary humans could not. 3)The ULTIMATE
BOON is the realization of the quest, but its not alwayswhat the
hero was looking for (love, truth, justice, etc.). Watch the
following video and search for steps of the hero cycle:
transformation Watch the following video and search for steps ofthe
hero cycle: The hero returns to the known world, but hell never be
the same
THE RETURN The hero returns to the known world, but hellnever be
the same 1) REFUSAL OF THE RETURN: the hero may not feel ready to
return toordinary life (Nobody gets me!!) 2)RESCUE FROM WITHOUT:an
outside source (sometimessupernatural) helps the hero return home
safely 3)MAGIC FLIGHT:the journey home is often miraculously
shorterthan the journey away from home (a blessing from the gods)
4)MASTER OF TWO WORLDS: the hero reconciles their experienceson the
journey and their existence in the everyday world And the adventure
never ends