And when He had said this, He breathed on them, and said to ...Therefore, having been justified by...

And when He had said this, He breathed on them, and said to them, “Receive the Holy Spirit. If you forgive the sins of any,

they are forgiven them; if you retain the sins of any, they are retained.”

John 20:22-23

The Last Words of Christ


“Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they do” - Luke 23:34



“Woman, behold your son!” - John 19:26




“Today you will be with Me in Paradise” - Luke 23:43





“I thirst!” - John 19:28





“I thirst!” - John 19:28

“My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me?” Mark 15:34; Matt. 27:46


“Father, into Your hands I commit My spirit”

Luke 23:46


“Father, into Your hands I commit My spirit”

Luke 23:46

“It is finished!” - John 19:30


https://ref.ly/logosres/boicecm64ejn;ref=Bible.Jn20.19-20;off=1877;ctx=at_are_these_words$3F_~They_are:_$E2$80$9CPeace_be_


“Peace be with you” - 20:19–21




“As the Father has sent me, I also send you” - 20:21





“Receive the Holy Spirit” - 20:22






“Do not be unbelieving, but believing” - 20:27






“Do not be unbelieving, but believing” - 20:27

“Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed” - 20:29



“Feed my (lambs) sheep” - 21:15–17



“Feed my (lambs) sheep” - 21:15–17

“You follow me” - 21:19


The First Day of a New Life

The First Day of a New Life

John 20:1-18

The Same Day at Evening


Then, the same day at evening, being the first day of the week, when the doors were shut (closed, locked) where the disciples were assembled, (why) for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in the midst, and said

to them, “Peace (eirḗnē) be with you.”

John 20:19




John 20:19




John 20:19




John 20:19




John 20:19




John 20:19




John 20:19




John 20:19




John 20:19




John 20:19




John 20:19


“Peace (eirḗnē) be with you.”



Peace (eirḗnē) is defined as “the opposite of war and dissension; among individuals, harmony;

metaphorically it refers to a peace of mind, tranquility, rest, all arising from reconciliation with

God and a sense of a divine favor.”



Peace (eirḗnē) is defined as “the opposite of war and dissension; among individuals, harmony;

metaphorically it refers to a peace of mind, tranquility, rest, all arising from reconciliation with

God and a sense of a divine favor.”

This is not a common Jewish greeting.



“Peace (eirḗnē) I leave with you, My peace (eirḗnē) I give to you; not as the world gives do I give to you.

Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid.”

John 14:27





John 14:27





John 14:27



“These things I have spoken to you, that in Me you may have peace (eirḗnē). In the world you will have

tribulation; but be of good cheer, I have overcome the world.”

John 16:33



“These things I have spoken to you, that in Me you may have peace (eirḗnē). In the world you will have

tribulation; but be of good cheer, I have overcome the world.”

John 16:33



Then the churches throughout all Judea, Galilee, and Samaria had peace (eirḗnē) and were edified.

And walking in the fear of the Lord and in the comfort of the Holy Spirit, they were multiplied.

Acts 9:31





Acts 9:31





Acts 9:31





Acts 9:31





Acts 9:31





Acts 9:31





Acts 9:31



Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace (eirḗnē) with God through our Lord Jesus

Christ, through whom also we have access by faith into this grace in which we stand, and rejoice

in hope of the glory of God.

Romans 5:1-2






Romans 5:1-2






Romans 5:1-2






Romans 5:1-2






Romans 5:1-2






Romans 5:1-2






Romans 5:1-2



But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far off (Gentiles) have been brought near by the blood of Christ. (how) For He Himself is our peace (eirḗnē), who has made both one, and has broken down the middle wall of separation (between man and God,

Jew and Gentile),

Ephesians 2:13-14




Jew and Gentile),

Ephesians 2:13-14




Jew and Gentile),

Ephesians 2:13-14



having abolished in His flesh the enmity, that is, the law of commandments contained in ordinances

(separating God from man and Jew from Gentile), so as to create (how) in Himself one

new man (church) from the two, thus making peace (eirḗnē),

Ephesians 2:15






Ephesians 2:15






Ephesians 2:15






Ephesians 2:15






Ephesians 2:15



and that He might reconcile them both (Jew and Gentile) to God in one body (church) through the

cross, thereby putting to death the enmity.

Ephesians 2:16



And He came and preached (what) peace (eirḗnē) to you who were afar off (Gentile) and to those who were near (Jew). For through Him we both have

access by one Spirit to the Father.

Ephesians 2:17-18





Ephesians 2:17-18





Ephesians 2:17-18





Christ not only offers us peace with God.







But He also offers the peace of God.




But He also offers the peace of God.



Be anxious for nothing, but in everything by prayer and supplication, with thanksgiving, let your requests

be made known to God; and the peace (eirḗnē) of God, which surpasses all understanding, will

guard your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus.

Philippians 4:6-7






Philippians 4:6-7






Philippians 4:6-7





What keeps us from experiencing His peace?




A faulty view of who we are in Christ.




A faulty view of who we are in Christ.

And not understanding that we are complete in Him.



For in Him (Christ) dwells all the fullness of the Godhead bodily; and you are complete (how) in Him,

who is the head of all principality and power.

Colossians 2:9-10





Colossians 2:9-10





Colossians 2:9-10





Colossians 2:9-10

Do you know who you are in Christ?



When He had said this, He showed (to point out, to cause to see) them His hands and His side. Then (after He showed them His hands and side) the

disciples were glad (to rejoice exceedingly) when they saw the Lord.

John 20:20




John 20:20




John 20:20




John 20:20




John 20:20




John 20:20




John 20:20




John 20:20

Jesus now repeats what He had told them earlier.


So Jesus said to them again, “Peace (eirḗnē) to you! As the Father has sent Me, I also send you.”

John 20:21



John 20:21



John 20:21



John 20:21



John 20:21



John 20:21



John 20:21

This is John’s version of the great commission.



John 20:21


Occurs five times in the New Testament.



John 20:21


Occurs five times in the New Testament. Once at the end of each gospel account and once

at the beginning of the book of Acts.


Matthew emphasizes the authority of the Lord.





And Jesus came and spoke to them, saying, “All authority (exousía) has been given to Me in heaven

and on earth. Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father

and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit,” Matthew 28:18-19













“teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you

always, even to the end of the age.” Amen.

Matthew 28:20


In Mark the emphasis is on the final judgment.





And He said to them, “Go into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature. He who believes

and is baptized will be saved; but he who does not believe will be condemned.”

Mark 16:15-16





Mark 16:15-16





Mark 16:15-16


Luke presents the commission as the fulfillment of prophecy.



Then He said to them, “Thus it is written, and thus it was necessary for the Christ to suffer and to rise from

the dead the third day, and that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in His name to

all nations, beginning at Jerusalem.”

Luke 24:46-47






Luke 24:46-47






Luke 24:46-47


Acts presents a program for world evangelism.





“But you shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be witnesses to Me in

Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.”

Acts 1:8





Acts 1:8





Acts 1:8





Acts 1:8


“We learn then that the Church’s very first need, before it can begin to engage in evangelism, is an experience and an assurance of Christ’s peace—

peace of conscience through his death that banishes sin, peace of mind through his resurrection that

banishes doubt. Once we are glad that we have seen the Lord, and once we have clearly recognized him as

our crucified and risen Savior, then nothing and no one will be able to silence us.”

John Stott


Our Pattern of Evangelism



“As the Father has sent Me, I also send you.”

John 20:21




John 20:21




John 20:21




John 20:21

“As” and “Also”




John 20:21

“As” and “Also”

What does this mean for us today?


“I personally believe that our failure to obey the implications of this command is the greatest

weakness of evangelical Christians in the field of evangelism today. We do not identify. We believe so strongly (and rightly) in proclamation, that we tend to

proclaim our message from a distance. We sometimes appear like people who shout advice to

drowning men from the safety of the seashore. We do not dive in to rescue them.”


“We are afraid of getting wet, and indeed of greater perils than this. But Jesus Christ did not broadcast

salvation from the sky. He visited us in great humility. We cannot give up preaching, for proclamation is of

the essence of salvation. Yet true evangelism, evangelism that is modeled on the ministry of Jesus, is not proclamation without identification any more

than it is identification without proclamation. Evangelism involves both together.”



And when He had said this, He breathed on them, and said to them, “Receive the Holy Spirit.”

John 20:21



John 20:21



John 20:21



John 20:21



John 20:21



John 20:21

How does this fit in with what happened in Acts 2?



John 20:21


What was the purpose of this at this time?



John 20:21


What was the purpose of this at this time?

What aspect of the Holy Spirit did Jesus know they needed at this time?


The most troubling verse in this entire exchange.



“If (condition) you forgive the sins of any, they (result) are forgiven them; if (condition) you retain (to hold, to get possession of, to have power over) the sins of any, they (result) are retained (to hold, to get possession

of, to have power over).”

John 20:23





John 20:23





John 20:23





John 20:23





John 20:23





John 20:23





John 20:23





John 20:23





John 20:23





John 20:23


What does this verse mean?



What could it not possibly mean?



What could it not possibly mean?

The interpretation of this verse is where the Catholic church gets it’s support for the confessional and their belief that a human (priest) has power to forgive sins.


Some Scriptural Facts



One,

It is a teaching of Scripture, reiterated on many occasions, that there is none who can forgive

sins but God only.



Two,

There is no instance in any of the New Testament books of any apostle taking on himself the authority

to absolve or pardon anyone for their sins.



Three,

It is a fatal defect in the Roman view of the priesthood that believers other than the apostles were present on this occasion and that the authority here given,

whatever it may be, must therefore have been given to them as well as to the apostles,

and therefore to Christians generally.


So they (two men on the way to Emmaus) rose up that very hour and returned to Jerusalem, and found

the eleven and (who) those who were with them gathered together, saying, “The Lord is risen indeed, and has appeared to Simon!” And they (two men on the way to Emmaus) told about the things that had happened on the road, and how He was known to

them (the two men) in the breaking of bread.

Luke 24:33-34





Luke 24:33-34





Luke 24:33-34





Luke 24:33-34





Luke 24:33-34





Luke 24:33-34


How many people are currently with them?



The apostles (called the eleven).




The two men who were on the way to Emmaus.





And a undefined number simply called “and those who were with them (the eleven).”





And a undefined number simply called “and those who were with them (the eleven).”

Watch what happens next.


Now (when) as they (the two men giving the report) said these things, (at that time) Jesus Himself stood in

the midst of them (all), and said to them, “Peace to you.”

Luke 24:36




Luke 24:36




Luke 24:36




Luke 24:36




Luke 24:36




Luke 24:36




Luke 24:36




Luke 24:36

The eleven




Luke 24:36

The eleven

The two men giving the report




Luke 24:36

The eleven

The two men giving the report

And an undetermined group of “others”



Four,

According to the texts, the verbs “are remitted (forgiven)” and “are retained” are in the perfect tense,

which suggests, that the forgiveness involved is something which has already been determined in heaven and is now merely proclaimed on earth.



Five,

The Greek words for “whosoever” or “any” and “them” (which refers back to the first use of

“whosoever” or “any”) are plural. In other words, it is the sins, not of whatever person (singular), but of whatever persons (plural) about which

this verse is speaking.


“Jesus is not speaking of individuals, but of classes. He is saying that the Spirit-filled church has authority

to declare which are the sins that are forgiven and which are the sins that are retained. This accords

with Rabbinical teaching which spoke of certain sins as ‘bound’ and others as ’loosed.’ This referred to classes, not to individuals, and this is surely what

Jesus is saying also.”

Leon Morris


What does it mean?


What does it mean?

“That which the Scriptures affirm, Christians can dogmatically and unhesitatingly affirm; that which the

Scriptures denounce, Christians can authoritatively and unapologetically denounce.”

John MacArthur

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