Andrew Jackson and his Andrew Jackson and his Native American policyNative American policy

If we cannot have a peaceful If we cannot have a peaceful cohabitation…then we will have a cohabitation…then we will have a

violent co-annihilationviolent co-annihilation

-martin luther king jr.-martin luther king jr.

Attitudes towards IndiansAttitudes towards Indians

The 3 A’s:The 3 A’s:

AdaptAdapt

AwayAway

AnimalAnimal

Why were Native Americans forced Why were Native Americans forced West?West?

Economic AspectEconomic Aspect White settlers wanted their land for farming White settlers wanted their land for farming

and goldand gold

Political AspectPolitical Aspect Native Americans were not allowed to maintain Native Americans were not allowed to maintain

independent governments in the United Statesindependent governments in the United States

Social AspectSocial Aspect Many whites considered them uncivilizedMany whites considered them uncivilized

Jackson’s UltimatumJackson’s Ultimatum

Jackson said that the Indians could Jackson said that the Indians could either adopt the white culture or either adopt the white culture or move out of the United States.move out of the United States. The Native Americans tried to resist by The Native Americans tried to resist by

hiding, taking up arms, or using the hiding, taking up arms, or using the courts for help.courts for help.

However, none of this did any goodHowever, none of this did any good

Native American ResistanceNative American Resistance

The Seminoles refused to leave. They The Seminoles refused to leave. They were led by were led by OsceolaOsceola and fought in and fought in the Everglades. This was the the Everglades. This was the Second Seminole War. Second Seminole War.

He used surprise attacks and guerilla He used surprise attacks and guerilla warfare to defeat the U.S. forces. warfare to defeat the U.S. forces. However, he was tricked and However, he was tricked and captured.captured.

……but what about those who did attempt peaceful means?but what about those who did attempt peaceful means?

OK…FINE!OK…FINE!

SequoyaSequoya, a Cherokee Indian, invented , a Cherokee Indian, invented a writing system for the Cherokee a writing system for the Cherokee language. What could this have language. What could this have possibly done?possibly done?

Cherokees learned to read and writeCherokees learned to read and write Published a newspaper and booksPublished a newspaper and books Show the whites that they could be Show the whites that they could be

like themlike them

This should be enough right???This should be enough right???

NOPENOPE

Andrew Jackson’s Andrew Jackson’s Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act:: The act that called for the government to The act that called for the government to

negotiatenegotiate treaties that would require Native treaties that would require Native Americans to relocate west of the Mississippi Americans to relocate west of the Mississippi River.River.

The consequences of this act were that the The consequences of this act were that the Native Americans lost land, property and Native Americans lost land, property and homes, and many died.homes, and many died.

Forced to the Forced to the Indian TerritoryIndian Territory Land that is currently Oklahoma, Nebraska, and Land that is currently Oklahoma, Nebraska, and

KansasKansas

What were the economic effects of What were the economic effects of the Indian Removal Act?the Indian Removal Act?

The Indians:The Indians: Became ImpoverishedBecame Impoverished Lost their landLost their land Had to moveHad to move

The Whites:The Whites: Became richerBecame richer Gained landGained land Mined goldMined gold

The Trail of TearsThe Trail of Tears The Cherokees appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court to The Cherokees appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court to

protect their land from being taken in Georgiaprotect their land from being taken in Georgia John Marshall rules in favor of the John Marshall rules in favor of the Native AmericansNative Americans

(only fed govt. could make laws governing the (only fed govt. could make laws governing the Cherokees)Cherokees)

Jackson does not careJackson does not care ““John Marshall has made his decision....Now let him enforce John Marshall has made his decision....Now let him enforce

it.”it.” He would not negotiate with them and had federal He would not negotiate with them and had federal

troops forced them to leave during the fall and winter.troops forced them to leave during the fall and winter. ¼ of the Cherokees died on this journey due to the ¼ of the Cherokees died on this journey due to the

poor weather conditions and poor clothing.poor weather conditions and poor clothing. Put in perspective…that is around 4,000 people.Put in perspective…that is around 4,000 people.

A Cry for Answers!A Cry for Answers!

““Murder is murder and somebody must Murder is murder and somebody must answer, somebody must explain the answer, somebody must explain the streams of blood that flowed in the Indian streams of blood that flowed in the Indian country in 1838. Somebody must explain country in 1838. Somebody must explain the four-thousand silent graves that mark the four-thousand silent graves that mark the trail of the Cherokees to their exile. I the trail of the Cherokees to their exile. I wish I could forget it all, but the picture of wish I could forget it all, but the picture of 645 wagons lumbering over the frozen 645 wagons lumbering over the frozen ground with their cargo of suffering ground with their cargo of suffering humanity still lingers in my memory.”humanity still lingers in my memory.”

----John G. BurnettJohn G. Burnett

ALAS…Jackson’s PromiseALAS…Jackson’s Promise ““Friends and brothers, listen. Where you Friends and brothers, listen. Where you

now are, you and my white children are now are, you and my white children are too near to each other to live in harmony too near to each other to live in harmony and peace…Beyond the great Mississippi…and peace…Beyond the great Mississippi…your father has provided a country large your father has provided a country large enough for all of you, and he advises you enough for all of you, and he advises you to remove to it. There your white brothers to remove to it. There your white brothers will not trouble you…and you can live will not trouble you…and you can live upon it as long as the grass grows or the upon it as long as the grass grows or the water runs, in peace and plenty. The land water runs, in peace and plenty. The land beyond the Mississippi belongs to the beyond the Mississippi belongs to the President and no one else, and he will give President and no one else, and he will give it to you forever.”it to you forever.”

Circa 1700Circa 1700

17631763

17681768

18341834

18541854

18761876

18891889