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HPC in México: Looking to the Future based on solid foundations
Andrei Tchernykh Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación
Superior de Ensenada,
Ensenada, Baja California, México [email protected]
http://www.cicese.mx/~chernykh
RISC, México, 2011
HPC History
2 CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
Workstation
PC
Cluster
(by Christophe Jacquet)
Mainframe
3 CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
GRID
HPC History
4 CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
Cloud Computing
SaaS
Software as a Service
PaaS
Platform as a Service
IaaS
Infrastructure as a
Service
HPCaaS
High Performance
Computing as a Service
HPC History
5 CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
2008
50 años de la instalación de la 1ª.
Computadora en México
1958
IBM-650
6
Mexico
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
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Number of computers in Top 500
Mexico
06. 1993
Rank Site Computer Cores Year Rmax Rpeak
246
Universidad
Nacional
Autonoma de
Mexico
Y-MP4/432
Cray Inc. 4 1991 1.159 1.333
7
Rank Site Computer Cores Year Rmax Rpeak
226
Universidad
Autonoma
Metropolitana
Mexico
Lufac Cluster, Intel
Xeon E54xx 3.0 Ghz,
Infiniband
2120 2009 18.48 25.44
06.2009
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
Mexico
List Systems Ranking Sum Rmax (GFlops)
06/2007 1 309 5090.00
11/2006 1 126 5090.00
11/1997 1 459 10.42
06/1997 1 324 10.42
11/1994 1 492 1.16
06/1994 1 378 1.16
11/1993 1 292 1.16
06/1993 1 246 1.16
309 Cluster Platform 4000 DL145 Opteron Dual Core 2.6 GHz
Infiniband, Hewlett-Packard 1360 cores
8 CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
Universidad Autonoma
Metropolitana
List Systems Highest Ranking Sum Rmax
(GFlops)
06/2009 1 441 18.48
11/2008 1 226 18.48
06/1996 1 385 4.14
11/1995 1 268 4.14
06/1995 1 197 4.14
11/1994 2 157 5.62
9 CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
Lufac Cluster, Intel Xeon E54xx 3.0 Ghz, Infiniband, 2120 cores
List Systems Highest Ranking Sum Rmax
(GFlops)
11/2005 3 351 6078.00
06/2005 3 201 6078.00
11/2004 3 118 6078.00
06/2004 3 89 6078.00
11/2003 3 83 3889.05
Geoscience
351 xSeries Xeon 2.8 GHz, Gig-Ethernet IBM 706 cores
10 CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
List Systems Highest Ranking Sum Rmax
(GFlops)
11/2002 1 422 197.30
Grupo Electra
Banco Azteca
List Systems Ranking Sum Rmax (GFlops)
06/2007 1 391 4704.00
06/2005 1 399 1330.60
11/2004 1 261 1210.00
List Systems Ranking Sum Rmax (GFlops)
06/2003 1 412 289.00
11/2002 1 218 289.00
06/2000 1 361 48.93
06/1996 1 323 4.62
Pemex Gas
412 Netfinity Cluster PIII 1 GHz – Eth IBM 1024 cores
391 Integrity Superdome, Itanium2 DC 1.6 GHz, HyperPlex
Hewlett-Packard 980 cores
11 CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
List Systems Highest Ranking Sum Rmax
(GFlops)
06/2005 1 462 1210.00
11/2004 1 280 1210.00
Instituto Latinoamericano
462 Integrity Superdome, 1.5 GHz, HPlex Hewlett-Packard 256 cores
12 CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
List Systems Highest Ranking Sum Rmax
(GFlops)
11/1993 1 409 0.66
SP1 IBM 8 cores
ITESM
Telcel
List Systems Ranking Sum Rmax (GFlops)
11/2001 1 335 118.10
06/2001 1 228 118.10
11/2000 1 179 118.10
06/2000 2 159 123.93
06/1999 1 436 26.38
11/1998 1 273 26.38
335 HPC 10000 400 MHz Cluster Sun Microsystems 192
13 CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
List Systems Ranking Sum Rmax (GFlops)
11/2003 1 328 517.00
06/2003 1 182 517.00
SAT/ISOSA Servicio de Administración Tributaria, México
328 SuperDome 875 MHz/HyperPlex Hewlett-Packard 256
14 CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
Top 500 Ranking
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Mexico
Spain
Application Areas
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
Aerospace Automotive Biology Consulting Database Defense Electronics Energy Environment Finance Geophysics Hardware Information Service Life Science Medicine Telecomm Transportation Weather and Climate Research WWW
Application Areas
16
2011
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
Old and New Application Areas
Chemistry
Manufacturing
Mechanics
Pharmaceutics
17
2000
Retail Logistic Services
Research Service
Software Weather Forecasting
Semiconductor Digital Media
2011
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
My first job
18
The Elbrus (Russian: Эльбрус) is a line of Soviet and Russian computer
systems developed by Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and
Computer Engineering, Moscow.
1975
Models of Parallel
Computation
Processing of
Incolmplete Information
Data flow
My Research Areas
HPC
Grid Computing
Scheduling Resource optimization
online offline
Re
al T
ime
Sy
ste
ms
Clo
ud
Co
mp
uti
ng
Knowledge Free
Scheduling with
Uncertainty
Multiobjective
Optimization
Computational
Intelligence
List Scheduling Stealing
Scheduling with
System Level Agreement
Approximation
Algorithms
Workflow Orchestration
Collaboration
CICESE
Mexico
EUA
Francia
Rusia
Alemania
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
Tecnológico de Monterrey Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia Centro de Estudios Superiores
del Estado de Sonora
Dortmund University Prof. Uwe Schwiegelshohn
University of Göttingen Prof. Ramin Yahyapour
Institute for System Programming, Russian Academy of Sciences Dr. Nikolay Kuzurin
Institute of Informatics and Applied Mathematics of Grenoble Prof. Denis Trystram
Ohio University, USA Prof . Klaus Ecker
University of California – Irvine, CA, USA
Prof. Isaac Scherson, Prof. Jean Luc Gaudiot
Green Computing
Important issues – fossil fuels
Average desktop computer with monitor requires
• 10 times its weight in chemicals and fossil fuels to
produce
• 266 kg of fossil fuel for LCD monitor
• 4 litres of oil for laser toner cartridge
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory 22
Important issues – electronic-waste
• Over 130,000 PCs dumped in US homes & businesses…each day
• Less than 10% of electronics are recycled
• Est. 50 million tons of e-waste is generated globally each year
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory 23
Electronic Waste
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory 24
Important issues – toxic waste
Electronic waste is an increasing problem
• up to 70% of all hazardous waste.
• high in many toxic materials (heavy metals, plastics)
• can easily leach into ground water and bio-accumulate • CRT – graphite/zinc leachate (monitors are hazardous waste)
• Lead (plomo): can attack proteins and DNA, as well as
interfere with nervous system function
• LCD – 4-12 mg mercury /unit
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory 25
Important issues – wasting electricity
The average desktop PC wastes
• nearly half the power it consumes
• one-third of their power as heat
• Energy consumed by data centres worldwide doubled from 2000 to
2005
• The more powerful the machine, the more cool air needed to keep it
from overheating.
• By 2005, the energy required to power and cool servers accounted
for about 1.2% of total U.S. electricity consumption
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
Cooling towers
26
Algorithmic efficiency
• has an impact on the amount of computer resources required for any given
computing function
Resource allocation
• cut energy usage by routing traffic and resource usage
Virtualization
• Use what you need (Cloud computing)
Sophisticated power management
Operating system support
Power supply
Storage
Video card
Display
Materials recycling
Telecommuting
• reduction of greenhouse gas emissions related to travel
Education and Certification
CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
The way out
27
28 CICESE Parallel Computing Laboratory
HPC in México: Looking to the Future based on solid foundations
Andrei Tchernykh Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación
Superior de Ensenada,
Ensenada, Baja California, México [email protected]
http://www.cicese.mx/~chernykh
RISC, México, 2011