ANDROID

Submitted To: Subashini mam

Submitted By: Sudhakar Shastri

Reg No: 14MCE1009

GENERATIONS OF ANDROID

ANDROID

What I am going to Discuss . . .1. Foundation Of Android2. What is Android ?3. Architecture4. What is OHA ?5. Versions History Of Android 6. Features Of Android7. Android Devices8. Smart Phone OS Market Share-20149. Limitations10. Conclusion and future scope11. Reference

FOUNDATION OF ANDROID

Android, found in Palo Alto in California, United States

by Andy Rubin. - October 2003

Google acquired Android, Inc. – August 2005

The Open Handset Alliance, a group of several

companies was formed - 5 November 2007

Android Released–Initial released September 23, 2008.

What is Android?

Android is an operating system for mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet computers.

Based on the Linux kernel

Android specially developed for applications. 1.3+ million apps(as of August 2014)

The Android is an open source.

ANDROID ARCHITECTURE

The software stack is split into Four Layers::

• The application layer

• The application framework

• The libraries and runtime

• The kernel

LINUX KERNEL

•The architecture is based on the Linux2.6 kernel. • This layer is core of android architecture. It provides service like power management, memory management, security etc.• It helps in software or hardware binding for better communication.

NATIVE LIBRARIES

• Android has its own libraries, which is written in C/C++. These libraries cannot be accessed directly. With the help of application framework, we can access these libraries. There are many libraries like web libraries to access web browsers, libraries for android and video formats etc.

Android Run Time

• The Android Runtime was designed specifically for Android to meet the needs of running in an embedded environment where you have limited battery, limited memory, limited CPU.

• Dalvik is the process virtual machine in Google's android operating system. It is the software that runs the apps on android devices. Dalvik is thus an integral part of android ,which is typically used on mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablet computers.• Programs are commonly written in java and compiled to byte code.

Android Run Time

•This is in blue, meaning that it's written in the Java programming language.

•The core library contains all of the collection classes, utilities, IO, all the utilities and tools that you’ve come to expected to use. 

Application Framework

•This is all written in a Java programming language and the application framework is the toolkit that all applications use.•These applications include the ones that come with a phone like the home applications, or the phone application. •It includes applications written by Google, and it includes apps that will be written by you. •So, all apps use the same framework and the same APIs.

These are as follows:-• Activity manager:-It manages the lifecycle of applications. It enable proper

management of all the activities. All the activities are controlled by activity manager.

•Resource manager:-It provides access to non-code resources such as graphics etc.•Notification manager:-It enables all applications to display custom alerts in

status bar.• Location manager:- It fires alerts when user enters or leaves a specified

geographical location.• Package manager:-It is use to retrieve the data about installed packages on

device.• Window manager:-It is use to create views and layouts.

•Telephony manager:-It is use to handle settings of network connection and all information about services on device.

CONTD…

APPLICATION LAYER

•the final layer on top is Applications.

•It includes the home application the contacts application , the browser, and apps.

•It is the most upper layer in android architecture.

•All the applications like camera, Google maps, browser, sms , calendars , contacts are native applications. These applications works with end user with the help of application framework to operate.

OHA (Open Handset Alliance)

What is the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)?

In 2007, a group of manufacturers, wireless carriers & software developers formed the “Open Handset Alliance”

OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE cont.

Aim is to develop open standards for mobile devices

Members have promised not to lock their Android phones

Members T-Mobile, HTC, LG, Motorola, Samsung, Sony and many more . .

Nokia, Microsoft, RIM (BlackBerry) are only major companies to not align with OHA

OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE cont.

Members are:

VERSIONS OF ANDROID

Android Astro 1.0 First full version of android. Released on September 23, 2008. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth support. Quite slow in operating. copy and paste feature in the web browser is

not present.

Android Beta First Version of Android. The focus of Android beta is testing incorporating usability. Android beta will generally have many more problems on speed and

performance.

Android Cupcake 1.5 Released on April 30, 2009. Added auto-rotation option. Copy and Paste feature added in the web browser. Increased speed and performance but not upto

required level.

Released on September 15, 2009. Voice search and Search box were added. Faster OS boot times and fast web browsing

experience. Typing is quite slower.

Android Donut 1.6

Android Éclair 2.0/2.1 Released on October 26, 2009. Bluetooth 2.1 support. Improved typing speed on virtual

keyboard, with smarter dictionary. no Adobe flash media support.

Android Froyo 2.2 Released on  May 20, 2010. Support for Adobe Flash 10.1 Improved Application launcher with better browser No internet calling.

Android Gingerbread 2.3 Released on  December 6, 2010. Updated User Interface with high efficiency and speed Internet calling One touch word selection and copy/paste. New keyboard for faster word input. More successful version of Android than previous

versions. not supports multi-core processors.

Android Honeycomb 3.0 Released on February 22, 2011. Support for multi-core processors Ability to encrypt all user data. This version of android is only available for

tablets.

Android IceCreamSandwich(ICS) 4.0 Released on November 14, 2011. Virtual button in the UI. A new typeface family for the UI, Roboto. Ability to shut down apps that are using data in the

background.

Android JellyBean 4.1 Released on June 27, 2012. Latest version of Android. Smoother user interface.

Smarter and more simple. More polished design. Improved performance and new features

Android 5.0 Lollipop A sweet new take on android . Getting the smarts of android on screens big and small with the right

information at right moment

Android kit-kat 4.4

FEATURES Current features and specifications:

•Handset layoutsThe platform is adaptable to larger, VGA, 2D graphics library, 3D graphics library based on OpenGL ES 3.0 specifications, and traditional smart phone layouts.

•ConnectivityAndroid supports connectivity technologies including GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC and WiMAX.

•Multiple language supportAndroid supports multiple languages.

•Media supportAndroid supports the following audio/video/still media formats: MP3,MPEG-4, WMV,AVI,AAC, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP etc.

•Screen captureAndroid supports capturing a screenshot by pressing the power and volume-down buttons at the same time.

FEATURES cont.Current features and specifications:

•External storageMost Android devices include micro SD slot and can read micro SD cards formatted with FAT32, Ext3 or Ext4 file system.

•TetheringAndroid supports tethering, which allows a phone to be used as a wireless Wi-Fi hotspot. Before Android 2.2 this was supported by third-party applications or customizations

SMART PNONE OS MARKET SHARE - 2014

ONLY FOR SMART PHONE ??

Manufacturers are making many devices not limited only to Cell Phones.

Android OS is now running in :• Cell Phones, • Tablets, • Android cars, • HDTV, • Desktop phones, • Microwave oven, • Washing machine, • Set-top boxes for satellite and CableTV.

A Desktop Home or Office phone running Android

ANDRIOD DEVICES cont.

World’s First HDTV that runs on the Android operating system

ANDRIOD DEVICES cont.

India's first Android based Micro Oven.

World’s First Android CarRoewe 350

Making source code available to everyone inevitably invites the attention of hackers.

Android operating system uses more amount of battery as compared to normal mobile phones.

As there are so many user sometimes it becomes difficult to connect all the users.

As we call Android is world of applications we continuously need to connected with the internet which is not possible for all the users.

LIMITATIONS

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE:

Android is now stepping up in next level of mobile internet. There are chances of Android Mobile sales becomes more than

iPhone in next two years. Google may launch another version of android that starts “M”

because Google is launching all the android versions in the alphabetical order.

There are chances of Android may become the widely used operating system in world.

REFERENCE :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_%28operating_system%29

http://www.slideshare.net/search/slideshow?searchfrom=header&q=android+tutorial

http://readwrite.com/2013/04/08/the-developers-guide-to-android-history-infographic#awesm=~ocx3EhN3rqzNc4s

http://collaboratemeetings.com/2013/04/09/tech-androids-rise/

http://androidcompare.com/devices.html