Overview Of Android

Made by:- Ankur yogi Usn:- 1BY12MCA06 Branch:- MCA 5th Sem.

What is Android? History & Versions Open source alliancesOpen handset alliancesVarious Android devicesAndroid Architecture overviewsAndroid marketAndroid framework and layersAdvantagesLimitationsConclusion

Contents:-

What is ANDROID? Google's Android is an open-source platform that's

currently available on a wide variety of smart phones and devices.

Android is a software stack for smart phone devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications.

History

The version history of the Android mobile system began with the release of the Android beta in 5 November 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in 23 September 2008.

Android is under ongoing development by Google and the Open Handset Alliance (OHA), and has seen a number of updates to its base operating system since its initial release.

Since April 2009, Android versions have been developed under a confectionery-themed code name and released in alphabetical order; the exceptions are versions 1.0 and 1.1

Versions

Android alpha (1.0) Android beta (1.1) Cupcake (1.5) Doughnut (1.6) Eclair (2.0–2.1) Froyo (2.2–2.2.3) Gingerbread (2.3–2.3.7)

Honeycomb (3.0–3.2.6) Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0–4.0.4) Jelly Bean (4.1–4.3.1) KitKat (4.4–4.4.4) “L” release (developer preview)

Open Handset Alliance

• Est. 5th Nov 2007, led by Google, open Source

• Main Product Android Platform

• Enthusiastic Support from Industry– Equipment makers– Network Operators

A business alliance consisting of 47 companies to develop open standards for mobile devices

OHA (Open Handset Alliance)

Various Android devices

Android Architecture Overview

The software stack is split into Four Layers::

• The application layer

• The application framework

• The libraries and runtime

• The kernel

LINUX KERNEL

•The architecture is based on the Linux 2.6 kernel. Android use Linux kernel as its hardware abstraction layer between the hardware and rest of the software.

•It also provides memory management, process management, a security model, and networking, a lot of core operating system infrastructures that are robust and have been proven over time

NATIVE LIBRARIES

• The next level up is the native libraries. Everything that you see here in green is written in C and C++.

Android Run Time

•The Android Runtime was designed specifically for Android to meet the needs of running in an embedded environment where you have limited battery, limited memory, limited CPU.•The DVM runs something called dex files, D-E-X and these are byte codes that are the results of converting at build time. Class and JAR Files.

Android Run Time

•This is in blue, meaning that it's written in the Java programming language.

•The core library contains all of the collection classes, utilities, IO, all the utilities and tools that you’ve come to expected to use. 

Application Framework

•This is all written in a Java programming language and the application framework is the toolkit that all applications use.•These applications include the ones that come with a phone like the home applications, or the phone application. •It includes applications written by Google, and it includes apps that will be written by you. •So, all apps use the same framework and the same APIs.

Application layer

•And the final layer on top is Applications.

•This is where all the applications get written.

•It includes the home application, the contacts application, the browser, and your apps.

•And everything at this layer is, again, using the same app framework provided by the layers below.

Android Market (Google Play) https://play.google.com/store

Has various categories, allows ratings Have both free/paid apps Featured apps on web and on phone The Android Market (and iTunes/App

Store) is great for developers

ADVANTAGES

•The ability for anyone to customize the Google Android platform

•The consumer will benefit from having a wide range of mobile applications to choose from since the monopoly will be broken by Google Android

•Men will be able to customize a mobile phones using Google Android platform like never before

•Features like weather details, opening screen, live RSS feeds and even the icons on the opening screen will be able to be customized

•As a result of many mobile phones carrying Google Android, companies will come up with such innovative products like the location

•In addition the entertainment functionalities will be taken a notch higher by Google Android being able to offer online real time multiplayer games

LIMITATIONS OF ANDROID

Development requirements in

• Java

• Android SDK

• Eclipse IDE (optional)

• Bluetooth limitations • Firefox mobile isn't coming to android because of android limitations

CONCLUSION

We hope that the next versions of Android have overcome the actual limitations and that the future possibilities became a reality and may this software is also developed to use in PC’s also.

References

http://www.android.com - Android Official Webpage

http://code.google.com/android/ - Official Android Google Code Webpage

http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/ - Open Handset Alliance Webpage

http://www.androidwiki.com – Android Wiki

H ttp://googleblog.blogspot.com/ - Official Google Blog

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(mobile_phone_platform)–Wikipedia

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