ANDROID

ARCHITECTURE

Saurabh Kukreja

It’s Me

I am Saurabh Kukreja, Working as Mobile

Application Consultant from more than 3 years

.

I am also working as a co-founder of a startup

named as 4Edges, which is a service oriented

company, delivery various Software solutions

to our clients

Agenda

Evolution Of Mobile Phones

History Of Android

Architecture of android

Features

Application Component

Evolution

A robot with a human appearance

An open-source operating system used for

smartphones and tablets.

Android

History

Android Inc. was founded by: Andy Rubin

Rich Miner

Chris White

Nick Sears They thought of Developing an advanced OS for camera

but later switched to Mobile Operating Systems

Google acquired Android Inc. in August 2005.

OHA- Open Handset Alliance

The first commercially available smartphonerunning Android was the HTC Dream released on October 22, 2008.

Android Architecture

Android is a mobile operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel and currently developed by Google.

Applications are developedfor low powered hand-helddevices, such as Phone,Tablets

Android is a complete stackof:

Operating System

Middleware SDK

Core Applications

Linux Kernel provides a level of abstraction

between the device hardware and the upper layers

of the Android software stack

Linux version 2.6.x for core system services like

memory management, process management,

security model, networking and lot of core OS

infrastructure

Linux Kernel

All These libraries are written in C/C++

Libc: c standard library

SSL: Secure Socket Layer

Surface Manager: Responsible for composing different drawing surfaces onto the

screen.

Open GL and SGL are graphic Libraries OpenGL|ES : 3D Image Engine

SGL : 2D image Engine.

Hence we can combine 3D and 2D graphics in the same application.

Media Framework : Core part of the android multimedia.

MPEG4,MP3,…

FreeType: To render the fonts.

WebKit:Open source browser engine. Helps to work well on small screen.

SQLite: Embedded Database

Libraries

Android Runtime

Android runtime meet the needs of Android running in an embedded environment ,i.e., where is limited battery, limited Memory and limited CPU.

Android Runtime consists of Dalvik Virtual machine and Core Java libraries.

CORE LIBRARIES:

Java Programming Language contains all the collection classes, utilities, IO..all these utilities which you come across and expected to use.

DALVIK VIRTUAL MACHINE application code must be transformed from standard Java class files to the Dalvik

executable (.dex) format, which has a 50% smaller memory footprint than standard Java bytecode

Each Android application simply runs as a process directly on the Linux kernel, each application running on an Android device does so within its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine (VM).

applications are essentially sandboxed

enforced level of abstraction makes applications platform neutral in that they are never tied to any specific hardware.

Application Framework

Our applications directly interact with these blocks of the Android architecture. These programs manage the basic functions of phone like resource management, voice call management etc.

Important blocks of Application Framework:

Activity Manager: Manages the activity life cycle of applications.

Content Providers: Manage the data sharing between applications.

Telephony Manager: Manages all voice calls. We use telephony manager if we want to access voice calls in our application.

Location Manager: Location management, using GPS or cell tower

Applicatios

Application Component

Activities

They dictate the UI and handle the user interaction to the smartphone screen

Services

They handle background processing associated with an application.

Intent Receivers/Broadcast Receivers

Respond to notification or status changes. Can wake up your process

Content Providers

They handle data and database management issues.

Features

Beautiful UI

Android OS basic screen provides a beautiful and intuitive user interface.

Connectivity

GSM/EDGE, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, NFC.

Storage SQLite

A lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes.

Media support

MPEG-4, MP3, MIDI, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, and BMP

Messaging

SMS and MMS

Web browser

Based on the open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine supporting HTML5 and CSS3.

Multi-touch

Android has native support for multi-touch which was initially made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero.

Multi-tasking

User can jump from one task to another and same time various application can run simultaneously.

Resizable widgets

Widgets are resizable, so users can expand them to show more content or shrink them to save space

GCM

Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is a service that lets developers send short message data to their users on Android devices, without needing a proprietary sync solution.

Versions

Name Version API Level

Alpha 1.0 1

Beta 1.1 2

CupCake 1.5 3

Donut 1.6 4

Eclair 2.0-2.1 5-7

Froyo 2.2-2.2.3 8

Gingerbread 2.3-2.3.7 9-10

Honeycomb 3.0-3.2.6 11-13

Icecream Sandwich 4.0-4.0.4 14-15

JellyBean 4.1-4.3.1 16-17-18

Kitkat 4.4-4.4.4 19-20

Lollipop 5.0-5.0.2 21

Evolving Trends

Android Wear

Android Wear extends the Android platform to a

new generation of devices

Small, powerful devices, worn on the body.

Useful information when you need it most.

Intelligent answers to spoken questions. Tools to

help reach fitness goals.

Android TV

Bring your apps, games, and content to the

biggest screen in the house.

Running the Android 5.0 ("Lollipop") operating

system

Users will have access to theGoogle Play Store to

download Android apps

Android Auto

To be operated in automobiles through

the dashboard's head unit.

The standard will offer drivers control over

GPS mapping/navigation

music playback

SMS

Telephony

web search

THANK YOU

Reach me at :

Saurabhkukreja@live.com