ANDROID OS

By:

Oza Utsav

09CE002

ABSTRACT

Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middle ware and key applications. Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. It allows developers to write managed code in a Java-like language that utilizes Google-developed Java libraries, but does not support programs developed in native code.

OVERVIEW

➲ Powerful mobile devices Capable of general-purpose computing; Will become the next PC Enormous base and growth

➲ Google developed Android Linux kernel but becoming a fork Powerful free SDK and tools makes low to no-risk

entry Support by Google, OEMs and telecoms

➲ Android will be the mobile OS of choice OEM creates unit with best mobile OS Telecoms can customize User gets Android Marketplace, others shopping

BACKGROUND

➲Open Handset Alliance• established on 5 November 2007– 10 mobile operators– 13 software companies– 15 semiconductor producers– 13 handset producers– 8 system integrators

➲First products• Android SDK on 12-Nov-2007• First handset HTC Dream 22-Oct-2008

WORLDWIDE SMARTPHONE SALES

Growth = 50.5%

1000 1000

ANDROID FAST GROWTH

➲During 2010 Android share grows to 17% from 12% Microsoft share declines 2.2% RIM share declines 1.8% Apple share declines 1.3% Iphone 4 launched in June

➲Android share of smartphone market forecast to rise to 24.6 percent between 2010 and 2014.

DEVELOPER VIEWPOINT

➲ Market Opportunity Current strong market position Favorable press, reviews, user comments High growth expectations

➲ Development Support Google Device OEMs (Samsung, HTC, Motorola, etc.) Telecoms Worldwide: Sprint, Vodafone, NTT, China Mob, etc. Thailand: True, AIS, etc.

➲ Community And Users

WHAT MAKES ANDROID SPECIAL?

➲Truly open, free development platform Linux based

➲Component-based architecture Reusable, replaceable modules

➲Multi-layer isolation of programs➲Many services included

High quality graphics and sound

➲Portability across hardware Java programs executed by Davlik virtual machine ARM, x86 and other

➲Support by multiple large organizations

ANDROID ARCHITECTURE

Versions Of Android OS

Different versions of Android OS:-

1.5 Cupcake1.6 Donut2.x Éclair(includes 2.0,2.0.1,2.1)2.2 Froyo2.3.x Gingerbread(includes

2.3,2.3.3,2.3.4,2.3.5,2.3.6,2.3.7)3.x Honeycomb(includes 3.0,3.1,3.2)

Usage share of different versions

Distribution API levelUsage share

3.x.x Honeycomb 11-13 1.4%

2.3.x Gingerbread 9-10 31.3%

2.2 Froyo 8 51.2%

2.1 Eclair 7 13.3%

1.6 Donut 4 1.8%

1.5 Cupcake 3 1.0%

KEY TOOLS

➲Linux, Windows, Mac OSX➲ Java (Oracle/Sun)

Java SDK 6 update 22

➲SDK (Google) Android SDK r7

➲Eclipse Eclipse 3.6.1

APPLICATION

➲Devices Phones Tablets Netbooks Embedded and control units➲Apps

IMPLEMENTATION

➲Cheap: Install the tools Java, Eclipse, Android SDK

Your computer: Windows, Linux, Mac Phone emulator included➲Easy: Create your first program Android Development Toolkit (ADT)

Plugin for Eclipse, written by Google Examples and tutorials available Run on the Emulator Verify by USB connecting a phone to computer➲Rewarding: Prepare to publish eg.

Google Market

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

Design Coding Testing

Release Process

Errors?DesignError?

No

Yes

No

Yes

ECLIPSE WITH EMULATOR

ECLIPSE WITH EMULATOR

RELEASE PROCESS

Prepare for BuildPerform Build

“Release Candidate”ThoroughlyTest Build

PublishRelease

Test PackagedRelease Candidate

Package andSign Package

Fix Bugs!

Got Bugs?

Got Bugs?No Bugs?

APP INVENTOR

➲Googlelab development➲No developer experience needed➲Create functional flowsheet➲Assemble modular blocks➲Final product can be sold on Android

Market

OUTLOOK

➲Android will continue rapid growth Expected to be #1 smartphone by 2014

➲Handsets will be major market tablets and netbooks significant fringe

➲Google will guide but not rule Android Telco's want to differentiate and have image Telco's want to lock users Telco aims conflict with developers and update process Google is expected to impose more uniformity

System minimum requirements GUI design

SECURITY

Android is a multi-process system, in which each application (and parts of the system) runs in its own process. Most security between applications and the system is enforced at the process level through standard Linux facilities, such as user and group IDs that are assigned to applications.

Additional finer-grained security features are provided through a "permission" mechanism that enforces restrictions on the specific operations that a particular process can perform, and per-URI permissions for granting ad-hoc access to specific pieces of data.

ADVANTAGES

There are a host of advantages that Google’s Android

will derive from being an open source software. Some of the advantages include:

The ability for anyone to customize the Google Android platform

The consumer will benefit from having a wide range of mobile applications to choose from since the monopoly will be broken by Google Android

Men will be able to customize a mobile phones using Google Android platform like never before

LIMITATIONS

Bluetooth limitationsAndroid doesn't support:Bluetooth stereoContacts exchangeWireless keyboards But it'll work with Bluetooth headsets

SUMMARY

➲Solid, proven, popular, open platform➲Used on wide range of devices➲Support from Google, OEMs, telcoms➲Low barriers to entry➲Major opportunity for new developers➲Creativity, hard work, persistence

ONLINE ANDROID RESOURCES

➲Android developer website http://developer.android.com➲Open Handset Alliance http://www.openhandsetalliance.com➲Android Market http://market.android.com/publish➲Android libraries and extensions http://openintents.org➲Android developer forum http://www.anddev.org

Thank you

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