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Anesthetic Complications

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IntroductionTrias Anesthesia :

Analgesia

Unconsciousness

Relaxation

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Introduction Loss of Conscious Action

Depresses respiration

Impairs the vasomotor regulators &drfence mechanisms

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Introduction Muscle Relaxation

Immoili!ation

Relaxation

Reduction of respirator" performance

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IntroductionAnalgesiaUnconscious

MusclerelaxationDiminished

Refex activity

Impairment of respiration

Impairment of defence

reaction #esp$ re%exes in upper air passages'

Impairment of circulator"control mechanisms#esp$ of s"mpathetic

vascular re%exes'

Inhiition of paras"mpathicre%exs #esp$ of paras"mpathicvascular re%exes'

Relaxation and immoili!ation

of muscles in (eld of operation

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)tage of AnesthesiaThe stage of analgesia

The stage of exitement

The stage of surgical anesthesia

The stage of asph"xia

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)ide e*ect and incidents

in +A Complication arising from the state

of anesthesia$ Disturances of re%ex coordination

Aspiration Lar"ngospasm ,ronchospasm Re%ex respirator" arrest

Disturances of respiration Disturances of circulation

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)ide e*ect and incidents

in +A Incidents provo-ed speci(call" "

certain drugs used in anesthesia .s"chotic changes/ excitements state/

delirium/ unplesant dreams$ Disturances of autonomous nervous

s"stem M"ocardial depression Disturances of the cardiac

conduction s"stem

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)ide e*ect and incidents

in +A Incidents provo-ed speci(call" "

certain drugs used in anesthesia Renal disturances 0epatic disturances

Muscles rigidit" and h"perp"rexia

Aton" of the uterus .heitic irritation from intravenous

in1ections

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)ide e*ect and incidents

in +A Incidents provo-ed speci(call" "

certain drugs used in anesthesia Allerdic reactions to drugs )ide e*ect of muscle relaxants

2ondepolari!ing relaxants$

Depolari!ing muscle relaxants Insu3cient pain relief in the use of

muscle relaxants$

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)ide e*ect and incidents

in +A Incidents provo-ed speci(call" "

certain drugs used in anesthesia

These side e*ects can largel" e

suitale choice/ dose andcomination of drugs

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)ide e*ects induced " anestheticmanipulations or " the surgical

operation Cereral ischemia due to

h"perventilation

Autonomic nerve re%exes 4agal re%exes

)"mpatetic re%exes

4agusand s"mpatetic re%exes underpathological conditions

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)ide e*ects induced " anestheticmanipulations or " the surgical

operation .ost h"percapnic cardiac arrest

Decrease in minute volume )hoc-

Massive lood loss

Intermittent positivepressure

respiration M"ocardial failure during and after

operation

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)ide e*ects induced " anestheticmanipulations or " the surgical

operation 5at emolism Distured vasovagal re%ex Distured respiration

ARD) .neumothorax

Atelectasis ,ronchopneumonia 6xcessive resection of lung tissue

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)ide e*ects induced " anestheticmanipulations or " the surgical

operation In part/ these side e*ects cannot

e avoided " the

anesthesiologist$ ,ut it is he 7ho ismainl" responsile for ade8uatecounter measures$

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Incidents arising from errors orfrom misuse of technical

e8uipment Air emolism Mixups/ mechanical rea-do7ns or

errors Lac- oxigen in the anesthetic mixture 6xcessive C9in the anesthetic mixture 5alse scale readings 7ith precision

vapori!ersTechnical rea-do7ns of respirator Mista-es in the use of drugs

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Incidents arising from errors orfrom misuse of technical

e8uipment 6xplosive and (res Danger from electromedical apparatus

Complications arising from positionings Damage from pressure on peripheral

nerves Respirator" disturances from special

positioningTue ostruction from -in-ing in special

head positions

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Incidents arising from errors orfrom misuse of technical

e8uipment In1ection accidents

.aravenous in1ection of drugs .uncture damage

6"e in1uries Complications from intuation

Di3cult intuationTue complication 0"pertension during intuation

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Incidents arising from errors orfrom misuse of technical

e8uipmentThese e*ect are almost 7ithout

exception avoidale

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)ide e*ects resulting from theanestetic state ut not due to

anesthetic or operator per se )chi!ophrenic episodes 6pileptic attac-s )tatus asthmaticus .ulmonar" emolism

These side e*ects are due to thedisposition of the patient and aretherefore hardl" avoidale

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