AngiospermsAngiosperms

Aaron JonesAaron Jones

Cody TaylorCody Taylor

Fruited PlantsFruited Plants

Most successful plants on earth.Most successful plants on earth. Over 300,000 (or greater) in existenceOver 300,000 (or greater) in existence A.K.A (AngiospermaeA.K.A (Angiospermae or  or Magnoliophyta)Magnoliophyta) Diverged genetically from Gymnosperms Diverged genetically from Gymnosperms

202-245 millions year202-245 millions year most likely monophyleticmost likely monophyletic

Classes of AngiospermsClasses of Angiosperms MonocotyledonMonocotyledon

Single cotyledon, parallel venation, flowers parts Single cotyledon, parallel venation, flowers parts in multiples of threein multiples of three

Lilies, orchids, grasses, irises, cattails, palmsLilies, orchids, grasses, irises, cattails, palms EudicotyledonEudicotyledon

Non-coniferous woody plants, shrubs and many Non-coniferous woody plants, shrubs and many herbaceous plantsherbaceous plants

Two cotyledons, branched venation, flower parts Two cotyledons, branched venation, flower parts in multiples of fivein multiples of five

True secondary growth with vascular cambiumTrue secondary growth with vascular cambium

AngiospermsAngiosperms

Size vary between duckweed, barely 1 mm Size vary between duckweed, barely 1 mm long to over 100 meter tall eucalyptuslong to over 100 meter tall eucalyptus

Angiosperm vs. GymnospermAngiosperm vs. Gymnosperm

Several differences that allowed the Several differences that allowed the Angiosperm to surpass the GymnospermAngiosperm to surpass the Gymnosperm FlowersFlowers EndospermEndosperm Production of fruitProduction of fruit

EndospermEndosperm

Nutritive tissue derived from left over macrosporangia Nutritive tissue derived from left over macrosporangia used to feed the cotyledons, embryo, and seedling.used to feed the cotyledons, embryo, and seedling.

Angiosperm FlowerAngiosperm Flower

FlowersFlowers

What advantage do flowers give a plant?What advantage do flowers give a plant? Improve pollen dispersal via animal interactionImprove pollen dispersal via animal interaction Leads to coevolutionary mutualism with organisms Leads to coevolutionary mutualism with organisms

creating niche pollen disperserscreating niche pollen dispersers

Types of InflorencesTypes of Inflorences

PlacentaPlacenta

The portion of the ovary in which the ovules The portion of the ovary in which the ovules originate and where they remain until maturityoriginate and where they remain until maturity

FruitFruit

Fruit ensures a ready and willing supply of Fruit ensures a ready and willing supply of dispersers, in exchange for the high energy dispersers, in exchange for the high energy return provided.return provided.

Variations in Flower StructureVariations in Flower Structure PerfectPerfect ImperfectImperfect StaminateStaminate CarpelateCarpelate MonoeciousMonoecious DioeciousDioecious CompleteComplete IncompleteIncomplete

Position of OvaryPosition of Ovary

HypogynousHypogynous ParegynousParegynous EpigynousEpigynous InferiorInferior SuperiorSuperior RegularRegular IrregularIrregular

Life CycleLife Cycle

Angiosperm gametophytes are smaller than in Angiosperm gametophytes are smaller than in any other heterosporous plantany other heterosporous plant

Mature microgametophyte consists of only Mature microgametophyte consists of only three cellsthree cells

Mature megagametophyte consists of only Mature megagametophyte consists of only seven cellsseven cells

Both Antheridia and Archegonia are lackingBoth Antheridia and Archegonia are lacking Pollination is indirectPollination is indirect

Sperm formationSperm formation Microsporangenesis and microgametegenesis Microsporangenesis and microgametegenesis

lead to formation of a microgametephytelead to formation of a microgametephyte

Anther of the Lily plantAnther of the Lily plant

SporopolleninSporopollenin

Pollen grains form a resistant outer wall Pollen grains form a resistant outer wall (Exine) of sporopollenin composed of chiefly (Exine) of sporopollenin composed of chiefly carotenoidscarotenoids

The inner wall is known as the Intine and is The inner wall is known as the Intine and is composed of cellulose and pectincomposed of cellulose and pectin

Present in all plantsPresent in all plants

Egg formationEgg formation MegasporagenesisMegasporagenesis

Formation of the megaspore within the nucellusFormation of the megaspore within the nucellus MegagametegenesisMegagametegenesis

Actual development of the megaspore into embryo Actual development of the megaspore into embryo sac sac

Egg formationEgg formation

PollinationPollination The process by which pollen grains are transferred to the The process by which pollen grains are transferred to the

stigmasstigmas Double fertilizationDouble fertilization

In Angiosperms one sperm unites with the egg while In Angiosperms one sperm unites with the egg while the other unites with the polar nucleithe other unites with the polar nuclei

An unusual characteristic of Angiosperms only shared An unusual characteristic of Angiosperms only shared with Ephedra and Gnetumwith Ephedra and Gnetum

In Gymnosperms only a single sperm is functional In Gymnosperms only a single sperm is functional while the other degenerateswhile the other degenerates

Seed and Fruit DevelopmentSeed and Fruit Development

Primary endosperm nucleus divides forming Primary endosperm nucleus divides forming endospermendosperm

Zygote developes into and embryo Zygote developes into and embryo Integuments develop into a seed coatInteguments develop into a seed coat Ovary walls and related structures develop into Ovary walls and related structures develop into

a fruita fruit

VideosVideos

Life cycleLife cycle http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?vwww.youtube.com/watch?v=H_UyDtaa8Ow=H_UyDtaa8Ow

PollinationPollination http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuYrFwDuYnhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuYrFwDuYn

0&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PL9650&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PL9657FBE36AC0E27F7FBE36AC0E27F

Double fertilizationDouble fertilization http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gq8NWh98wQshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gq8NWh98wQs