Animal Digestion

Animal Digestion

At the completion of this unit students will be able to:

A. Describe the major parts and functions of the digestive system

B. Define Monogastric and list characteristics of monogastric animals

C. Describe the Ruminant Digestive SystemD. Describe the Avian Digestive System

E. Classify animals according to their type of digestionF. List Digestive Enzymes and their function

http://blog.lib.umn.edu/ster0171/socks/cow-face.jpg


Bubble Gum LabOn the back of your pink lab sheet, answer these questions:

(Please write the question!!)

1. What were your predictions of what would happen between the masses of:• Unchewed gum and wet chewed gum? • Unchewed gum and dried chewed gum? • Wet chewed gum and dried chewed gum?

2. What were your results between the masses listed above?

3. What caused the masses to change?

4. What do our mouths have that aid in digestion?

5. What are the contents of saliva that help with digestion?



The MOUTH is the starting point that begins the digestive process.


The TONGUE is used for grasping the food, mixing, and

swallowing.



The TEETH tear and chew the feed into smaller particles that may

be swallowed.



In the mouth

SALIVARY GLANDs: excrete saliva, which serves many purposes:

-Water to moisten-Mucin to lubricate-Bicarbonates to buffer acids-Enzyme amylase to breakdown carbs.



The ESOPHAGUS is the hollow muscular tube that leads from the mouth

to the opening of the stomach.


Esophagus

Review: What type of muscle makes up the esophagus?


The STOMACH is a hollow muscle that contracts and relaxes to integrate

digestive juices with the food causing it to breakdown



The SMALL INTESTINE is the next organ in the digestive system that is

controlled by a sphincter muscle that helps move food into and through the tract.




SMALL INTESTINEThe small intestine is made up of three segments1- Duodenum2- Jejunum3- Ileum


The Small Intestine cont’d:

DUODENUM -First segment-Uses secretions from the pancreas and intestinal wall to break down protein, starch, and fats.

JEJUNUM & ILIUM:-where absorption takes place Absorption is the process which nutrients are passed from the intestine to the bloodstream.




Walls of the Jejunum & Ileum…

VILLI• Small fingerlike projections• Increase surface area for absorption• Absorb nutrients through membranes known

as semipermeable membranes.•These membranes allow particles to pass through in a process called diffusion.




Walls of the Jejunum & Ileum…

VILLI



The LARGE INTESTINE is the last organ of the digestive tract.

It contains two segments:1- Cecum: is where fibrous food such as hay and grass is broken down into usable nutrients.2- Colon: provides a storage space for waste from the digestive process, and is the largest part of the large intestine.



The LARGE INTESTINE cont’d


Rectum is the terminal end of the large intestine and the entire digestive system.


Monogastric= 1 Simple StomachB. Define Monogastric and list characteristics of monogastric animals



TEETH

They have an UPPER &

LOWER set

Characteristics:



DO NOTChew Cud

Characteristics:

Factiod: Horses cannot vommit

(Cardiac Sphincter connects esophagus to

stomach)





Make your own Monogastric digestive system!

Corn Flake Digestion Lab


C. Describe the Ruminant Digestive System

Ruminant Systems:A system with four compartments:

1- Rumen (Paunch)

2- Reticulum (honeycomb)

3- Omasum (Many piles or pages of a book)

4- Abomasum (true or glandular)

These ruminant animals are often called “cud chewers”





1- Rumen •Serves as a storage vat where food is soaked, mixed, and fermented by bacteria.•It contains fingerlike projections called papillae that absorb nutrients through the rumen wall to provide energy.




http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453photos/gut_photos/cow_rumen.jpg


2- Reticulum (Honeycomb or Hardware)•2nd Compartment•Contains bacteria & microbes to promote fermentation•Food is ingested then, Eructated, and chewed & swallowed again

**Eructated means vomit

Factoid: Non digestible items that are consumed such as small stones, nails, or wire fall into the reticulum. They

usually stay in the reticulum



Reticulum: Honeycomb


http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453photos/gut_photos/cow_reticulum.jpg


Why is the reticulum often referred to as the

“Honeycomb” or “Hardware Stomach”?


http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453photos/gut_photos/cow_reticulum.jpg


What is Hardware Disease?



What is Hardware Disease?



Factoid:In young ruminants, there is a structure called a Reticular groove or heavy muscular fold that allows milk from the mother to bypass the rumen and reticulum to go directly to the omasum.

Why??



3-Omasum (Many plies or pages of a book)


http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453photos/gut_photos/cow_omasum.jpg


•A round organ with walls that contain many folds or “plies”•Lined with blunt muscular papillae that grind roughage.

3-Omasum (Many plies or pages of a book)


http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453photos/gut_photos/cow_omasum.jpg


4-Abomasum (True or glandular)

•This compartment is the only glandular (true) stomach of the ruminant. •Secretes gastric juices to digest microbes




http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453photos/gut_photos/cow_pyloric.jpg


Characteristics of ruminants: Ruminants do

not have upper front

teeth. Instead, they have a

dental pad that works with the lower front

teeth (incisors) in tearing off feedstuff.



Characteristics of ruminants:

Saliva does not contain

enzymes

…though they produce large quantities.

Factoid: A full grown steer produces about 50 liters of saliva per

day.




Saliva does not contain

enzymes

…though they produce large quantities.

Factoid: A full grown steer produces about 50 liters of saliva per

day.




Chew Cud

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pbeI4aiSLyg




D. Describe the Avian Digestive System

Avian Digestive System




1- Mouth: No teeth-NO chewing2- Esophagus3- Crop: Pouch where food is stored and soaked

Factoid: an empty crop is what sends hunger signals to the bird’s brain.




4- Proventriculus: true stomach where hydrochloric acid is added (remember no physical breakdown of the feed has begun)




5- Gizzard: Muscular organ which functions LIKE teeth to grind food

-Often find small pieces of stones here that the bird ate. They help in the breakdown of feed.




6- Small Intestine7- Ceca Same as other animals

8- Large Intestine9- Cloaca: Digestive system waste AND wastes from the renal

(urinary) system exit here.



Avian Digestive System Dissection


E. Classify animals according to their type of digestion

…Pull it all together…

Name 4 types of animal digestion

1- Monogastric2- Ruminant3- Avian4- ???



Curve Ball…Modified Monogastric

Animals that:

-Eat large amounts of roughage (like a ruminant)-Have a single compartment stomach (like a monogastric)

-Have a large Cecum to digest large amounts of roughage



Ruminant:Multi compartment stomach & eats a lot of

roughage

Modified Monogastric:Eats a lot of roughage BUT does NOT have a

multi compartment stomach

MonogastricSingle compartment stomach and eats more

concentrates (grain) than roughage

AvianBirds, Has Crop & Gizzard in place of teeth



… What do they eat?Mostly Roughage with some

concentrates…How many stomach compartments?

4

… What type of digestive system?Ruminant





1

… What type of digestive system?Modified Mongastric





4






1

… What type of digestive system?Modified Monogastric



… What do they eat?Concentrates

…How many stomach compartments?1

… What type of digestive system?Avian



… What do they eat?Roughage


… What type of digestive system?Modified Monogastric





4






… What type of digestive system?Monogastric





… What type of digestive system?Avian


F. List Digestive Enzymes and their function

Enzyme: A protein that chemically breaks down food

In the mouth:Saliva: begins breakdown of carbs

In the stomach:•Gastric Juice:

–0.2- 0.5% hydrochloric acid–Produced by stomach/abomasum• Pepsin:

–Breaks down proteins


F. List Digestive Enzymes and their function

In the small intestine:•Chyme

–An Acid• Pancreatic Juices

–Trypsin: breaks down protein–Pancreatic Amylase: changes starch to a simple sugar

•Bile: Green liquid produced in the liver and stored in gall bladder. Digests fat


MATCHING


1. Abomasum2. Cecum3. Cloaca4. Colon5. Crop6. Cud7. Duodenum8. Esophagus9. Gizzard10. Ileum11. Jejunum12. Large Intestine

With a partner of your choice, choose 16 organs and make a matching game :

13. Omasum14. Proventriculus15. Rectum16. Reticulum17. Rumen18. Salivary Gland19. Small Intestine20. Sphincter21. Stomach22. Teeth23. Tongue24. Villi





Bell Quiz1- Describe the difference between

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL Digestion2- What starts the chemical digestion of

carbs in the mouth?3- What allows food to enter the small

intestine?4- List 2 things that distinguish a

monogastric animal5- What is the purpose of villi and

microvilli?

Bell Quiz1- Name the 3 sections of the small

intestine in order2- What is the purpose of villi?3- What tube takes food from the

mouth to the stomach?4- What function do teeth have in the

digestive system?5- What is the purpose of the cecum?


Bell Quiz 10-26-09

1-Why does a cow eat everything in their path vs a sheep or goat that is selective?

2- Name 3 purposes of saliva3- Describe the mouth of a ruminant?4- How many stomachs does a ruminant have?5-How many liters of saliva does a full grown

cow produce per day?

Bell Quiz

Harry the Hay bale is on his way through “Bessie” the cow. Be the tour guide and tell me everywhere Harry will go (in order) and everything he will SEE along the way.

Bell Quiz

Carla the corn kernel is on her way through the digestive system of Rocky the rooster. Be the “Miss Frizzle” tour guide. Tell me where you will go and what you will SEE.

Bell Quiz

• Write down 3 questions AND answers for the Digestive System Test.• Study for the Digestive System

TEST!!

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Animal Digestion

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