Animal Kingdom• Muticellular

• Eukaryotic

• Heterotrophs

• Approximately 35 phyla

• Most phyla cells are organized into tissues that make up organs.

• Most reproduce sexually.

• Motile sperm have flagella

• Nonmotile egg is much larger than sperm.

Animal Body Structures• The term Symmetry refers

to a consistent overall pattern of a structure.

• Asymmetrical – Having no distinctive body shape.

• Radial Symmetry - Similar part branch out in all directions from a central line.

• Bilateral Symmetry –Having two similar halves on either side of a central plane (mirror images of each side)

Asymmetrical

Body Cavities of Animals• Coelom- body cavity

• Acoelomate-not having a body cavity

• Pseudocoelomate-not a true body cavity.

• Coelomate-animal having a true body cavities

Animals and their body cavity

Invertebrates• Animals that do not

have a backbone.

• Invertebrates constitute the greatest number of animal species.

• Invertebrates are the most of the individual animals alive today

8 Phyla of Invertebrates

• Porifera

• Cnidaria

• Platyhelminthes

• Nematoda

• Annelida

• Molluska

• Arthropoda

• Echinodermata

Porifera (Sponges)

• 8000 species• Very porous tissue• Filter feeders• Contain spicules

(skeleton) & spongin (soft tissue).

• Sessil adults (nonmotile), motile larva

• Asymmetrical body plan

Sponges of the Ocean

Giant Barrel Sponge Venus flower basket

Vase sponge

Yellow sponge

Cnidaria (Coelenterates, means “hollow gut”)

• 9500 species• Two body forms

- medusa: bell shape

- polyp: vase shapeHave stinging cells called

cnidocytsExamples include:

jellyfish, coral, hydra, sea anemone, sea fan.

Cnidarians of the Ocean

Jellyfish

Coral

Sea anemone

Hydra

Jellyfish

Brain Coral

Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)

• 20,000 species

• Flat bodies and unsegmented

• Mostly parasitic, some free living

• Bilateral symmetry

• Acoelomates no body cavity

• Parastic

- tapeworm

-blood fluke

-sheep liver fluke

-beef fluke

•Free-living

-planarians

-marine flatworm

Platyhelminthes of the World

Marine flatworm

Blood fluke

Tapeworm

Planarian

Nematoda (Roundworms)

• 80,000

• Unsegmented

• Many parasitic

• Bilateral symmetry

• Example include:

-pinworm

-hookworm

-heartworm

-Trichinella

(porkworm)

-Ascaris

Nematoda’s of the World

Heartworm of a dog Hookworm

Trichinella(porkworm)

Ascaris

Annelida (segmented worms)

• 12,000 species

• Repeating body segments

• Bristles in most species.

• Bilateral symmetry

• Examples include:

-earthworm

-leeches

-sandworms

-clamworms

-fanworms

-Christmas tree worm

Annelida’s of the world

Clamworm leech

ChristmasTree Worm

Mollusca (soft-bodied invertebrates)

• 2nd largest group of invertebrates and of all other animals

• 100,000 species

• All have a mantle.

• Some have a shell covering the soft body.

Classes of Mollusca

*Polyphacophora(bearing many plates) -chitons*Bivalves(two siphons)

-clams-oysters -mussels-scallops

*Gastropods(Stomach-footed)-slugs-snails-nudibranch

*Cephalopods(Head-footed)-squids-octopus-nautilus-cuttlefish

Polyphacophora

Chitons

Bivalves

Clams

Mussels

Oysters

Scallops

Gsatropods

Slug

Snail

Nudibranch

Cephalopods

Giant SquidOctopus

Nautilus

Cuttlefish

Arthropoda (jointed legs)

• Largest phylum of the animal kingdom (1 million species)

• Has a exoskeleton

• Many species undergo metamorphosis (complete or incomplete metamorphosis)

Classes of Arthropods

• Insecta (6 legs)

-Largest class(800,000 species) include: fly, beetles, bee, grasshopper, moths, & butterflies

• Arachinids (8 legs)include: spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks, & horseshoe crabs

• Crustaceans (10 or more legs) include: lobsters, crabs, crayfish shrimp, barnacles

• Chilopoda (1pair of legs per segment) flat body, carnivorous include: centipeds

• Diplopoda (2 pair of legs per segment) round body, herbivorous include: millipeds

Insects and Metamorphosis

• Complete Metamorphosis

-process an insect passes through three separate stages of growth, as larva, pupa,

and adult.

•

Incomplete Metamorphosis

A life cycle of certain insects, such as crickets and grasshoppers, characterized by the absence of a pupa stage between the nymph and adult stage.

Insecta

Unicorn Beetle

Hercules Beetle

Insects have been present for about 350 million years, and humans for only 130,000 years. The oldest known fossil of an insect dates back 400 million years and is a springtail

PrayingMantis

More Insects

Walking StickKatydidDamselfly

Dragonfly Locust

                                                 

Ladybug &Aphid

GiantVinegar Bug

Arachnids

Brown Recluse“fiddleback” Black widow

Scorpion

                 

                                    

Tick Mite

Tarantula

Crustaceans

Lobster Crayfish or “crawdads”Barnacles

Water fleas or Daphnia

Shrimp Snow Crab

Chilopoda (Centipedes)

Australian centipede Redheaded Centipede

Amazon Giant Centipede Chinese Redheaded Centipede

Diplopoda (millipede)

African Giant Black Millipede

Echinodermata (spiny-skinned)

• 6000 species

• Radial Symmetry

• Water vascular system for movement

• Usually have a five-part body plan

• Examples include: Starfish (sea

stars)

Sea UrchinSand dollarsSea cucumbers

Brittle star

Echinoderms

Brittle star Starfish Sand Dollar

Sea Urchin Sea cucumber

Feather Star

Starfish and Clams

Regeneration

Tube feet

Eating a Clam

Water vascular system

Animal (Chordates)

• pharyngeal slits - a series of openings that connect the inside of the throat to the outside of the "neck". These are often, but not always, used as gills.

• post-anal tail - an extension of the body past the anal opening.

• dorsal nerve cord - a bundle of nerve fibers which runs down the "back". It connects the brain with the lateral muscles and other organs.

• notochord - cartilaginous rod running underneath, and supporting, the nerve cord.

Chordates

• Subphylums-

Cephalochordata*lancelets-Urochordata*tunicate-Vertebrata*all animals with abackbone

lancelet

Tunicate “Sea Squirt”

Larva Adult

Vertebrates

• Animals with an internal skeleton made of bone are called vertebrates.(Some are made of cartilage)

• Vertebrates include: primates, such as humans and monkeys; amphibians; reptiles; birds; and, fish

• Although vertebrates represent only a very small percentage of all animals, their size and mobility often allow them to dominate their environment.

Classes of Vertebrates

• Agnatha (Sucker fish)-jawless

-eel-like

-scale less

-skeleton made of cartilage

-most lamprey are parasitic

• Examples include:

-hagfish

-lamprey

Agantha

Mouth of lamprey

Hagfish

Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish)

• Hinged jaws

• Paired fins

• Skeleton made entirely of cartilage

• They have placoid scales (sharks-rough teeth-like scales)

• Examples include:– Sharks

– Rays

– Skates

– sawfish

Chondrichthyes

Great White SharkSawfish

StingraySkateHammerhead shark

Osteichthyes (bony fish)

• Hinged jaws

• Paired fins

• Fish with skeleton made entirely of bone

• Largest class of vertebrates (23,500)

• 3 main groups-Lobe-finned fish:

coelacanths-Lung-fish:

lungfish-Ray-finned fish:

bass, perch, eel, gar, catfish,sea horse,

flounder& marlin

Lobe-finned fish(Coelacanths)

Lungfish

Ray-finned fish

Alligator garLargemouth bass

180 lbs

Seahorseflounder flounder

More Ray-finned fish

Clown fishPuffer fish

Morey EelArcher fish

Ray-finned fish

Crocodile fish

Paddlefish Blue Marlin

Crappie

Amphibian(both life or double life)

• Live part of its life on land and part in the water.

• Some may live in the water during the larva stage than move to land, but only return to the water for reproduction.

• Moist, smooth skin

• 3 main groups:

– Urodela (visible tail) salmander, mudpuppy, siren, & newts.

– Anura (without tail) frogs and toads

– Apoda (no legs) caecilian

Urodela (Visible Tail)

California Tiger Salamander

Siren

Mudpuppy Red-Spotted Newt

Anura (Without Tail)

Bullfrog Green Rock Frog (poisonous)

Poisonous Dart Frog American Toad

Leopard Frog

Apoda (no legs)

Sir Lanka Caecilian

Reptilia

• Dry, rough, leathery-like scales (waterproof)

• Eggs that have a leathery shell

• Descendents of dinosaurs

• Examples include:– Snakes

– Lizards

– Turtles

– Alligators and Crocodiles

Snakes

Rattlesnake Coral snake

Cottonmouth (water moccasin) Copperhead

Lizard

Mountain Boomer (collared lizard)

Horned Lizard(horny toad)

Gecko Komodo Dragon

Gila monster

Beaded lizard

(poisonous)

Turtles

Box turtleSnapping Turtle

Alligator Snapping Turtle

Sea Turtle Giant Tortoise

Alligators or Crocodiles

Alligator Crocodile

Aves (birds)

• Aves comes from the word meaning aviation

• Only animal to have feathers– Down feathers

(insulation)– Contour feathers

(flight)

• Have hollow bones (flight)

• Have a syrinx (sound)

• Descendents of reptiles

• 9000 species

Aves (birds)

Scissortail Flycatcher

EmuHummingbird

Penguin Bald EagleCalifornia Condor

Mammalia (Mammals)

• Body covered with hair, fur, subcutaneous fat

• 4600 species• Milk produced in

mammary glands• Respiration with the

use of a diaphragm (muscular sheet that

lies between the lungs and abdominal area)

• Orders Include:-Monotremes (egg laying mammals)

-Duck-billed platypus, Spiny anteater (short beaked echidna)-Marsupials (pouched mammals)

-Opossum, kangaroo, koala bear

More Mammals

• Placentals– Young develop entirely in the mothers uterus– Young nourished through the placenta via the

umbilical cord– Largest group of mammals (4500)

Monotremes

Spiny Anteater (echidna)

Duck-billed Platypus

Marsupials

Opossum

Kangaroo(wallaby)

Koala bear

Wombat

Placentals

Buffalo (Bison)

Whitetail Deer Bat

Dolphin Killer whaleHumans

More Placentals

Armadillo Elephant

AarvarkManatee

porcupine

Hedgehog

This is why you should study Biology!!!

HappyEaster!