Animal Science

Skeletal System

FunctionProvides frame and support for all systems

and organs. Cartilage

Firm, flexible tissues that is not as hard as bone

Skeletal System

BoneAttach musclesMeans of movementProtect internal organsStorage of minerals

Skeletal System

Layers of BonePeriosteum

Outer layer Cushions the hard portion of

the bone Repair of broken bones

Skeletal System

Layers of BoneCompact Bone

beneath periosteum layer of hard mineral matter Calcium gives bones strength

Skeletal System

Layers of BoneSpongy Bone

Inside hard outer layer fills ends of bones lines hollow portions

Skeletal System

Layers of BoneRed marrow

inside cavities of spongy bone formation of red blood cells

Skeletal System

Layers of BoneYellow marrow

Located inside hollow portion Fat storage cells Energy storage

Skeletal System

Types of BoneLong Bones

Longest Provide support and

movement Levers

Example -- legs, ribs, pelvic bones

Skeletal System

Types of BoneShort Bones

Smaller than long Joints Comfort and mobility

Example -- feet and hands

Skeletal System

Types of Bone Irregular Bones

Have an irregular shape

Support and protect

Example -- vertebrae

Skeletal System

Types of BoneFlat Bones

Thin and flat Protect organs

Example -- skull

Skeletal System

JointsWhere different bones meet

LigamentsConnect bones together; tough tissue

Skeletal System

JointsClassified by the way they move.

Hinge Joint

Ball and Socket

Gliding

The Skeleton

The skeleton is divided into two parts: The axial skeleton protects the major organs of the

nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems The axial skeleton consists of the skull, hyoid

bones, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum The appendicular skeleton is the framework that

consists of the extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle

Appen means to add or hang The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of

the front and hind limbs

The Axial Skeleton The cranium is the portion of the skull that

encloses the brain

The Axial Skeleton The vertebral

column supports the head and body and provides protection for the spinal cord

The vertebral column is comprised of individual bones called vertebra

The Appendicular Skeleton

Front limb scapula clavicle humerus radius ulna carpal bones metacarpal bones

cannon bone in livestock phalanges

The Appendicular Skeleton

Hind limb pelvis femur patella tibia fibula tarsal bones metatarsal bones

cannon bone in livestock phalanges

Circulatory System

Function Transports

Water Oxygen Wastes

Regulates temperatureRemoves disease

Circulatory System

HeartCenter of the circulatory

systemLarge musclePumps continuously

Circulatory System

Blood VesselsArteries

Vessels that take blood away from the heart

Veins Vessels that return blood

to the heart

Circulatory System

Capillaries Connect arteries and veinsDeliver nutrients to the cells Take away waste

Circulatory System

Red Blood cellsGive blood colorCarry oxygen

White Blood cellsDestroy diseasePus

Circulatory System Four Chambers

Right Atrium Receives blood into heart from body,

from veins

Right Ventricle Pumps blood out to the lungs

Left Atrium Receives blood into heart from lungs

Left Ventricle Pumps blood out into body via arteries

Veins

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

Lungs

Left Atrium

LeftVentricle

Arteries

Respiratory System

Function:Takes oxygen from the air Places it in the bloodstream Removes carbon dioxide

Respiratory System

StructuresNostrils

Large amounts of airNasal ChamberMouth

Brings in air

Respiratory System

StructuresPharynx

Passageway forFoodWaterAirControlled by epiglottis

Respiratory System

LarynxVoice box (Adam’s apple)Prevents material from entering

lungs. Trachea

Large tube Made of rigid cartilaginous rings

Respiratory System

BronchiBranch out

further Lungs

Gas exchange

Respiratory System

AlveoliSurrounded by

blood vesselsCarbon dioxide is

removed from bloodOxygen is absorbed

into blood

Respiratory System

DiaphragmLarge muscle under the lungsWhen contracted, rib cage expands

and air comes inWhen the diaphragm relaxes, air is

forced out