Cattle

Animal UnitMs. Skinner

Vocabulary

Alveoli—the part of the udder that manufactures milk.

Bos indicus—humped cattle found in tropical countries.

Bos taurus—domestic cattle originating from the Aurochs or Celtic Shorthorn.

BST—a hormone produced naturally by the pituitary gland of the cow

BSE—degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system of cattle . (aka Mad Cow)

Bull—A male bovine of any age that has not been castrated.

Vocabulary

Calf—a beef animal under one year of age.

Castration—the removal of testicles of a male animal.

Cattle—beef animals over one year of age.

Cow—a female bovine that has had one or more calves; or an older female that has matured.

Cow Index—in dairy cattle, a method of evaluating the genetic value of dairy cows

Dewlap—hanging fold of skin under the neck of animals. (cattle & goats)

Vocabulary

Feeder Calf—a weaned calf that is under on year of age and is sold to be fed for more growth.

Grass-fed—a diet of completely grasses or pasture feed.

Heifer—a female bovine that as now had a calf or has not matured.

Marbling—the presence and distribution of fat and lean in a cut of meat.

Polled—not having horns.

Reproduction—the production of offspring.

Vocabulary

Roughage—a feed containing more than 18% crude fiber when dry. Ex: hay, silage, pasture

Slaughter calves—calves that are between 3 months and one year of age when slaughtered.

Steer—a male bovine that is castrated before reaching sexual maturity.

Teat—the outlet for milk produced in the udder.

Udder—the milk-producing gland of mammals.

Veal—calves younger than 3 months of age sold for slaughter.

1493

The Spanish brought the first longhorn cattle to America.

1611

European dairy cattle arrived in Jamestown Colony and helped end sever starvation.

1623

2 Devon Heifers & 1 Devon Bull imported to Plymouth Colony from Britain.

1812

Dolly Madison served ice cream at the white House inaugural ball.

1817

First Hereford cattle imported to the United States by Henry Clay of Kentucky.

1852

Massachusetts breeder purchased one of the first Holstein cows from a Dutch sailing master at Boston.

1873

George Grant transported 4 Angus bulls from Scotland to Victoria, Kansas.

1895

Commercial pasteurization machines were first introduced.

CATTLE BY-PRODUCTS

Normal

Meat• Steak• Some sausages• Brisket• Roasts • Ground beef

Dairy• Milk• Ice cream• Yogurt• Butter• Cheese

Cattle Breeds

Holstein

Holstein

History: From the Netherlands. Breed is 2,000 years old.

Characteristics: Good mothers, cattle poster child.

Main Uses: Milk production

Hereford

Hereford

History: Originated in England. First purebred in US in 1840.

Characteristics: Good mothering, good to cross, good in cold conditions

Main Uses: Beef production

Jersey

Jersey

History: Originated on Isle of Jersey. Earliest US importation to US in 1815.

Characteristics: Good mothering Main Uses: Milk production

Angus

Angus

History: Earliest known in 1700s. Moved to Midwestern states, popular in range areas.

Characteristics: Good beef, good mothering, easy to crossbreed.

Main Uses: High-quality, well-marbled meat.

Braford

Braford

History: Crossbreed between Brahman and Hereford

Characteristics: Good mothering, insect tolerant, survive in droughts

Main Uses: Beef

Longhorn

Longhorn

History: Brought in from Spanish. Almost went extinct in 1900s.

Characteristics: Low-cholesterol meat, good in drought, symbol of Texas

Main Uses: Pets & Beef

QUIZ

Quiz—Open Note

1. What is defined as “in dairy cattle, a method of evaluating the genetic value of dairy cows”?

2. In what year did Dolly Madison served ice cream at the White House inaugural ball?

3. Which breed is from the Netherlands. Breed is 2,000 years old?

4. Which breed was earliest US imported to US in 1815?

Quiz—Open Note

5. Which breed is a good mother, good to cross, good in cold conditions?

6. Which breed is a cross between a Brahman and Hereford?

7. Which breed is known as a symbol of Texas?

8. Which breed is known for their high-quality, well-marbled meat?

9.

10.