ANIMATIONANIMATIONComputer Science 1033 – Week 8

“Live action writers will give you a structure, but who the hell is talking about structure? Animation is closer to jazz than some kind of classical stage structure.” Ralph Bakshi

Golden Years of Animation

Weirdness

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Overview of Today’s TopicsOverview of Today’s TopicsAnnouncementsHints about assignment 3How to do Assignment 3Finish Page Rank/GoogleAnimation

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Announcements Announcements Assignment 3

Due NEXT Friday, HAND IT IN ON WEDNESDAY NOTE: people who leave it till Friday ALWAYS have problems!

Major Assignment (assignment 4) due Thursday, April 2nd.

If you have Windows 7, you wont have movie maker, you can get it for free here: http://explore.live.com/windows-live-essentials

April 23, 7pmBring:

Pencil (soft) and eraserStudent card

Do NOT bring: calculator, ipod, hat, etc..

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Demo of how to do Demo of how to do Assignment 3Assignment 3http://publish.gaul.csd.uwo.ca/vivi/as

sign3spring2015/Assignment3Spring2015.html

http://publish.gaul.csd.uwo.ca/vivi/assign3spring2015/images/

http://publish.gaul.csd.uwo.ca/vivi/assign3spring2015/assignment3_content.txt

http://publish.gaul.csd.uwo.ca/vivi/assign3spring2015/images/logo_shishlogo.jpg

http://www.csd.uwo.ca/~lreid/cs1033/assignment3/example/

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AnnouncementsAnnouncementsAssignment 3 – things I forgot to

mention last week!◦Links that go OFF your site should open

a new tab (so not your buttons, but links to anywhere away from your site) (e.g. your references)

◦Headings at the top of each page as well as titles

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Announcements Announcements Assignment 3

◦IT will take you longer than you think, give yourself LOTS of time to finish it and to hand it in (Hand it in on before Wednesday, the labs will be VERY busy on Thursday and Friday).

◦Hints: Remember your titles Think about layout, consistency, ease of use! Follow the specs Use a table for a clean layout (put the banner

in the top row and content in the bottom row) Common Mistakes

http://www.csd.uwo.ca/~lreid/cs1033/assignment3/SamplesOfCommonMistakes/

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Announcements Announcements Assignment 3 Hints

THINGS THAT CAN GO HORRIBLY WRONG http://publish.gaul.csd.uwo.ca/lreid/other/student

1/http://publish.gaul.csd.uwo.ca/lreid/other/student

2/index.htmlhttp://publish.gaul.csd.uwo.ca/lreid/other/student

3/assign3/

http://publish.gaul.csd.uwo.ca/lreid/other/student7/assign3/

http://publish.gaul.csd.uwo.ca/lreid/other/student9/major/index.html

THINGS THAT CAN GO RIGHT http://publish.gaul.csd.uwo.ca/lreid/other/student

8/assign3/index.html

This term

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Hints for assignment 3Hints for assignment 3Remember:

◦ Titles◦ Headers◦ File names, spaces, lowercase◦ Images

Hotspots Alt, Title Size within page On each page

◦ Banner ◦ No Scrolling horizontal/vertically

to see buttons◦ Consistency◦ Buttons look, ease of use

◦ Back to top◦ References page layout◦ Text colours, contrast◦ Broken links

Check from a different computer!

◦ Underlining◦ Colours

Link Colours◦ Paragraphs◦ Padding◦ Followed the instructions

(make the anchor links, etc..)

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How to do Assignment 3How to do Assignment 3Colours look at:

http://kuler.adobe.com/ http://design-seeds.com/index.php/search/ca

tegory/mineral

Marks for:Nice BannerGood Colour SchemeAlt/title tag on banner/imagesNo scrolling horizontally EVER at 900 pixelsConsistency in the layout of the pages and

the buttons/NICE LAYOUT ON EVERY PAGEUnderliningHotspot

Roll over buttons get 1 or 2 marks morePROPERTY TITLES! Website – Web Page

◦ Micro Building Designs - Concrete WorkMust use table to lay things outHeadings on pagesUse an image for each page/good sizeLayout paragraphs well (don’t squish on edge)Bold/highlight headings If you have CSS, you might need to do

Insert>Div>Id (give ID a name) INSTEAD of named anchor (named anchor is in CS6 but not CSS)

HeadingsLinks that go OFF your site

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Paragraphs Centering DON’THyphens on listsEmails linksBack to top, anchorsThink about link coloursLink lengths

◦ http://www.csd.uwo.ca/images/CSD_long_photo_16.jpg vs.

◦ Middlesex

Common Mistake: renaming files/folder…this will TOTALLY SCREW up your website if you do not do it correctly!

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What is animationWhat is animation

A sequence of images that create the illusion of movement when played in succession.

Here are some simple examples:

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Why use animation?Why use animation?Easier to show somebody

how something works then to try and explain it.

Also animation: ◦Indicate movement

◦Illustrate change over time

◦Visualize three-dimensional objects

◦Attracts attention

Four Stroke Engine

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How does animation work?How does animation work?Simulation of movement through a series of

pictures that have objects in slightly different positions

Each drawing is called a frame (a snapshot of what’s happening at a particular moment)

Required Frames Per Second FPS:◦ Movies on film 24 fps◦ TV 30 fps

9000 frames for five minute cartoon

◦ Computer animation 12 to15 fpsJerky if anything less

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Sampling and Quantizing of Sampling and Quantizing of MotionMotionSince each frame is just an image

◦Each frame is sampled into a discrete samples and each sample becomes a pixel Sampling process Remember:

More samples means better quality (same image represented in10 pixels by 10 pixels or in 200 pixels by 200 pixels)

More samples means bigger file sizes (10 pixels by 10 pixels vs 200 pixels by 200 pixels)

◦Each pixel gets assigned a colour, maybe just 2 colours(black and white1bit colour) or maybe 16 million colour (24 bit colour) Quantization process

Question: What else can we “Sample” with MOTION?

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Frame Rate (Frames Per Frame Rate (Frames Per Second FPS)Second FPS)Frame Rate: indicates the playback

speed of the animation in frames per second◦Low frame rate appears choppy◦Question: BUT high frame rate can also

appear choppy, WHY? Answer: if the computer playing the

animation is not fast enough to process and display the frames.

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2-D Animation 2-D Animation two types of 2-D animation:

◦Cel Animation (also called traditional animation, classical animation, hand-drawn animation, frame by frame animation)

◦Path Based AnimationBoth types still are made of frames:

◦The more frames per second, the more believable the movement will be.

◦The more frames per second, the bigger the final version of the movie file will be (more bytes)

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Cel AnimationCel Animation

An animator must HAND draw every single frame!

To simplify, one background is drawn and then the item that will move is drawn on a clear sheet of plastic (a cel), one drawing for each frame.

When moving to the next scene, just change the background

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbhCUPwSrp0&feature=player_embedded

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Cel AnimationCel AnimationQuestion: What was the first full

length cel based animated movie? Hints:

◦Debuted in 1937◦Over 350,000 frames◦Over 1,500,000 pen and ink drawings◦Stars seven rather short guys and one p

asty brunetteOther examples:

◦Charlie Brown

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Path Based AnimationPath Based AnimationPick:

◦a starting point for an object, (start frame)◦an ending point for an object (end frame)◦a path for the object to follow

And then the computer generated all the frames in between (called TWEENING), so that the artist doesn’t have to draw the intermediate frames (like the artist did in cel based animation)

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Path Based AnimationPath Based AnimationQuestion: What name do we give to the

start frame and the end frame? (not the frames that are computer generated, rather the frames drawn by us?)

Question: Why is the act of generating the frames in between the first frame and the last frame called tweening?

Question: The path the object follows have to be a straight line, TRUE or FALSE?

Question: What software allows us to do path based animation?

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Path Based Animation Path Based Animation SoftwareSoftwareThe software that generates the

frames has features such as:◦Looping◦Transition (Fade in and Fade out)◦Repetitions allows the user to pick

how many times the animation repeats◦Setting the Frames Per Second

Question: What does a bigger FPS imply? Larger file size More realistic motion

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What can we do to change the What can we do to change the motion?motion?If the animation appears too slow, we can speed up the motion by:◦Reduce the number of frames (say pull

out every other frame)OR◦Increase the frame rate (go from 10fps

to 20fps)

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Slowing down the motion by Slowing down the motion by adding more framesadding more framesAssume now that the motion is a bit too

fast, 2 ways to slow it down:◦ Way 1: Add more frames:

Keep the frame rate the same Increase the number of frames between the

keyframes to stretch out the animation◦ Way 2: Lower the frame rate (go from

20fps to 5fps) Keep the same number of frames as original but

stretches out movie◦ Original Clip has 5 frames, at 20 fps, so

finishes playing at 0.2 seconds, too fast! Way 1: still have 20 fps, but add in extra frames

between, now have 20 frames Way 2: holds frame on screen for 0.2 seconds, then

moves to frame 2, on screen for 0.2 second, etc….

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Question: What is wrong with Way 2?

From the text book: Digital Media Primer by Yue-Ling Wong

Slide 26 of 48From the text book: Digital Media Primer by Yue-Ling Wong

Cel Animation vs. Path Based Cel Animation vs. Path Based AnimationAnimation

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2-D Animation Terminology2-D Animation TerminologyQuestion: What do these terms

mean?◦Keyframe◦Tweening◦Onion Skinning

Some Inspiration An amazing animator: http://j-scott.com/work/

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3-D Animation3-D Animation3-Dimension animation involves 3

steps:◦Modelling◦Rendering◦Animating

Demohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tg

snixOJJFw&feature=relmfu

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3-D Animation3-D AnimationThis is a website

where all the images are created by ray tracing and computers, yet they look amazingly real (Check out the Hall of Fame): http://hof.povray.org/

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Special Effects AnimationSpecial Effects Animation

Morphing:◦An Animation◦Process of blending together two

images into a series of images◦Useful for showing how image

might change over timeWarping:

◦Distorts a single image◦Warp frown into smile

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More Special EffectsMore Special EffectsVirtual Reality: Creates environment where

user becomes part of the experienceExamples:

◦ Boeing: flight simulators of airplane cockpits (hydraulic controlled on legs)

◦ CD based adventure games – point and go thru doors, stairs

◦ Hand-held equipment allows person to interact with environment

◦ Google Cardboard!!! AppsA 2D cockpit for a Boeing 737. Some gauges are retained from the default MSFS 737, while others are modernized. Some non-functional controls are included in the dashboard.

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BreakBreakAfter you grab your coffee, watch

this video and see how at the very end of it, it does MORPHING very effectively ◦http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=nUDIoN-_Hxs

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Where can you get Where can you get animation?animation?Purchase CDs or buy off the internet or

get free clipart on the internet, for example: http://heathersanimations.com/animalsone.html

OR, you can create your own:◦Animated Gifs can be create in Photoshop or

in other software tools◦Using Flash

We will look at two different file types of animation:◦Animated gifs◦Flash animation

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Animated GIFSAnimated GIFS Question: What do you think the file size of an

animated gif is affected by:◦ Size of the gif (frame dimensions)◦ Number of colors ◦ Number of frames

Question: What do you think is the maximum number of colours you can have in an animated gif?

No Plug-ins Required: Animated GIFs require no plug-ins, and the authoring tools to create them are often free and easy to learn.

No Sound: If you need sound in addition to motion, you cannot use an animated GIF by itself. Instead, you may want to consider other animation alternatives, such as Flash, or even video

Plug-in: A program that permits web browser to access and execute files that the browser would not normally recognize. Flash uses Shockwave

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Using Photoshop to make an Using Photoshop to make an animated gifanimated gif

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FlashFlashA multimedia authoring and playback systemLaunched in 1996 by MacromediaAdobe bought it in 2005Flash became popular for its animated graphicsResponsible for much of the animations,

advertisements and video components found on today's Web sites

Flash is the industry's most advanced authoring environment for creating interactive websites, digital experiences and mobile content.

Some sample sites that do cool Flash animation:◦ http://mono-1.com/monoface/main.html

http://www.intel.com/museumofme/en_US/r/index.htm

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Why is Flash so popular?Why is Flash so popular? Interactive content rich with video, graphics, animation Import multimedia elements from other applications Support vector graphics:

◦ much more space efficient over bitmapped frames ◦ scale up with accurate detail no matter how large the

window is resized by the user. Flash Player is a free client application that works with

popular Web browsers to play the animation Adobe Flash Player is the standard for delivering high-

impact, rich Web content. Designs, animation, and application user interfaces are

deployed immediately across all browsers and platforms

Adobe worked out a deal to have the Flash player preinstalled on machines between the critical time period of 1998-2000 (before most people had broadband). This helped Flash over take Director in terms of popularity (users didn’t have to wait to install the player while surfing)

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Flash in actionFlash in actionQuestion: Suppose we had the

following starting picture and the given ending picture, what THREE things do you think you would have to consider in order to make it appear animated but it should have a smooth animation, not jerky?

Question: Which colours will be used in tweening?

Start picture End picture

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Essential Flash TerminologyEssential Flash Terminology

Question: What kind of tween would have been used in this Flash animation?

Stage: rectangular area where the visible motion will take place

Timeline: series of frames in a row and stacks of layers. Indicates key frames, regular frames and empty frames

Shape: basic shapes drawn with the shape tools, line tool or a single letter

Symbol: store in a library and can be reused. Changes to the library symbol will result in changes in all of the copies of this symbol currently on the stage.◦ Graphic: static graphic, can be used in other symbols◦ Button: interactive part of animation with user, responds

to mouse clicks and rollovers.◦ Movieclip: reusable piece of animation, can turn a simple

animation into a movieclip symbol and reuse it.

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Essential Flash TerminologyEssential Flash TerminologyTweening: Creating the intermediate frames

based on the starting keyframe and ending keyframe. There are 3 types of tweens:

Motion Guide: lets you animation an object along a path that you draw yourself. Only works with symbols

Motion Tween Shape Tween

Classic Tween (from cs3)

Animates symbols only. Create the tween initially and then go to a frame and move the object and that frame becomes a keyframe

Works with non symbol shapes and vector graphics only

Animates symbols only. Need to manually create all keyframes and connect then with a tween

Can’t morph (only position and rotation)

Can morph shapes

Can’t morph (only position and rotation)

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A excellent video to help you A excellent video to help you with your Flash skills!with your Flash skills!https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=gDTPdSAqYIg

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Laura ventures into the world of Laura ventures into the world of Flash Flash

My first project (didn’t take me very long)

Then I tried to make a walking man:◦Walking 1◦Walking 2

Then I saw thisSo I tried to recreate it myself

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Comparing File Types:Comparing File Types:

Animated GIF

Flash Director

Created by Depends Adobe Adobe

Extension Source depends.gif (movie)

.fla (source)

.swf (movie)

.gif (Flash can make gifs too!)

.dir (source)

.dcr (movie)

Size Larger than normal gif

Vector images take up less space than GIF bitmapped images

Vector images take up less space than GIF bitmapped images

Uses Banners, small areas

Interactive video, graphics, animation

More interactive sites

Need to play it

Nothing Flash Player (Free and works with most browsers)

Web browser plug in (The Shockwave Player)

History of Animation: early cave drawings show animals with 8 legs (trying to show animal moving) 1868 – Flip book patented 1877 - Praxinoscope Cylinder containing slits that when spun gave the illusion of movement 1892 - Reynaud showed how he could use 12 pictures and loop the pictures. He had 500 frames using something similar to the modern film projector 1898 – Stop motion animation introduced

Ancient Egypt Mural attempting to depict movement (4000 years old)

1906 Blacktons makes “The Humorous Phases of Funny Faces” using a blackboard and frame by frame shots1914 McCay makes “Gertie the Dinosaur”, the first successful character animation1928 Walt Disney uses sound and animation in Steamboat Willie1937 first full length feature animation movie: Snow White

Gertie The Dinosaur

1960 first prime time animation TV Show debuted Question: What was it?Question: What is the longest running animation prime time show1982 Star Trek, The Wrath of Khan includes computer generated effects. TRON, a Disney animation includes 15 minutes of computer generated scenes1986 Take On Me by aha, creates much hyped video that uses rotoscoping (pencil-sketch animation/live-action combination )

Chris Griffin

1995 Question: What was the first full length completely computer generated animation movie released? Question: What is the highest grossing animated film of all time?

Laura says GO SEE THIS MOVIE

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Let’s ReviewLet’s Reviewhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=SaJxnTf44eg&feature=related Finally: For the major assignment,

you must create an animation. Here is a simple little one to inspire you: http://www.mustangdrive-in.com/ (Click on the banner)

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Warm up Questions:Warm up Questions:Question: How many frames per second

should we have when building an animation for display on a computer?

Question: Which type of animation uses frames:A. Cel BasedB. Path BasedC. BothD. Neither

Question: If an animation is 40 frames long and the fps is 5, how long will the animation take to play?

Question: What was the first◦ Full length animated feature film?◦ Full length completely computer generated film?