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Anna Davison , Jean Beetham , Jared Thomas, Abigail Harding, Vivienne Ivory, and Chris Bowie
PUBLIC ATTITUDES TO DATA INTEGRATION
Highlight findings from the report prepared for Statistics New Zealand
Opus Research, Opus International Consultants Ltd, Lower Hutt
OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION
• Key results of interviews, workshops, online discussion
• Highlight findings
• Trust in Statistics NZ
• Recommendations
NARRATIVE INTERVIEW TOOL
The interview schedule was an effective tool:
• Ice breaker engaging & provided personal context
• Demonstrated differences between operational and statistical use of integrated data
• Participants’ responses were thoughtful: showed appreciation from different perspectives
• Scenarios generated interesting discussion around acceptability thresholds, benefits, costs, and values
NARRATIVE INTERVIEWS - OUTCOMES
• Participants considered it extremely important that data is shared with and used by the right people and for the right purpose – to provide benefit, rather than harm.
“Most information has the potential for a positive and negative outcome for different
people. It depends who makes the decisions and who has the information”
• They felt strongly that information should not be shared with non-Government or private organisations without their consent/permission.
• “You wouldn’t want a loan shark setting up in an area where there is a high level of poverty, people won’t turn down a pot of gold, but it will be more detrimental to them in the long run”
NARRATIVE INTERVIEWS – APPROPRIATE USE
• De-personalised, pooled data was seen as useful, as long as it was used by the right people and was used to have a positive impact for either a particular group of individuals or wider society.
• “I would be happy for the information to be used if it is going to help other parents… if it would benefit my child.”
NARRATIVE INTERVIEWS – AGGREGATE DATA
ACTION RESEARCH WORKSHOPS – THE METHOD
The blocks made the DI process more understandable and personal
– stacking blocks– holding blocks close– bold moves– lots of debate & discussion
Lots of questions about how data could be integrated
No clear purpose so….participants co-created the why & what and then judged acceptability based on that
ACTION RESEARCH WORKSHOP – DATA TYPES
• Type of data was very important in determining acceptability
Normal, routine data
Personal, complex, sensitive data
Too much information!
They already have that!
ACTION RESEARCH WORKSHOP – PERSONAL EXPERIENCES
Attitudes to data integration can be strongly attributed to personal experiences with and trust in
government authorities and statisticsdata integration may be: unnecessarynot useful misused
Negativeexperien
ces
data integration may be used to produce public benefits and increase fairness
Positive experien
ces
ACTION RESEARCH WORKSHOP – PRIVACY & SECURITY
When workshop participants discussed integrated data being held in a single database and linked to their personal or identifying information they tended to become increasingly less comfortable with statistical data integration.
“The important thing is how is this confidential
information treated? Is it strictly confidential and anonymous or can it be
misused?”
“If everything here is in Statistics NZ, if someone hacked it they
would know everything about me, and that’s scary.
That would have to be so secure, otherwise it’s too much
information they’ve got about individuals, it’s very powerful.”
ACTION RESEARCH WORKSHOP – TRANSPARENCY & CONSENT
Some participants felt that informed consent should be required for data integration
“People need to know what’s being shared and how it’s being used, and why they
need that, and that you can say no to
having your data integrated”
ONLINE CONSULTATION - PROCESS
ONLINE CONSULTATION – LESSONS
• Rigidity of the tool“It was not as interactive as I’d expected”
• Development of rapport with other experts“…Felt very hesitant to edit other people's comments very much. Easier to put in a new comment.”
• Extreme scenarios“There were two types of concerns that people raised: privacy concerns and concerns about whether the idea was a good one.”“It was impossible to overcome or address the concerns”But, valuable insights were still found
• Mixed views on short timeframes – “waffling on” vs “tight timeframes”
ONLINE CONSULTATION – IMPROVING ACCEPTABILITY
• Who uses it?• What for?• How it is protected?
• Some experts felt that DI should only occur if:– The public are informed– The public find it widely
acceptable
FairAccura
te
Representative
In public interest
Valid measure
UsefulCORE
VALUES
ONLINE CONSULTATION – LIMITATIONS AND BENEFITS• Experts more aware of limitations of administrative
data:– Lack accuracy, or not be in a convenient form– Only capture those who interact with agency
• Benefits– Longitudinal tracking–More current, regular, accurate, detailed, and diverse data
Better data
Better research and
information
Better decisions and service
s
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
• Most New Zealanders appear to have a relatively positive perception of data integration by public sector agencies
• Attitudes to data integration do not appear to be strongly associated with particular types of social groups
• Acceptability of data integration appears to be largely influenced by the individual’s own personal experiences
• There also appears to be a more general value-based concern around appropriate use
TRUST IN STATISTICS NEW ZEALAND AS A DATA CUSTODIAN• Most of the research participants had a very high level of trust in
Statistics New Zealand as a professional, competent, and trustworthy custodian of data.
“I don’t have a problem bearing in mind it’s going to statistics and it’s not shared, and no one else gets
access to it.”
“Statistics NZ need to change their name, and it may change their attitude, and portray a better, a more engaging type of response. Stats
to me are scary, but if they could encompass wellbeing, I’m sure people would be more responsive.”
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Statistics NZ could consider providing positive messaging around data integration to ensure they retain and gain the trust of the New Zealand public
– Reassure of security, confidentiality, & privacy
– Demonstrate need, value, & public benefits, particularly around statistical data
– Consider offering the option to opt in/out of DI where personal, sensitive, or complex data is being used
DATA INTEGRATION ACCEPTABILITY THRESHOLDS
Ambiguous & general Purpose Transparent & specific need
Insecure Security Secure
Open access Access Strict restrictions, procedures & protocols
Public/ personalised Privacy Confidential/anonymous
Private Interests Public
Subjective & biased Data & metrics Representative & meaningful
Unfair & harmful Outcomes Fair & beneficial
Less acceptable
More acceptable
THANK YOU
Contact: Jared Thomas | Behavioural Research ManagerOpus Research, Opus International Consultants Ltd
[email protected] 244 8574 | 04 587 0675
We would like to thank the research participants who generously gave their time and energy
to take part in this study.