ANNEX III INVITATION TO TENDER IP/C/JURI/IC/2012-024 ...

Directorate-General for Internal Policies Directorate C - Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs

ANNEX III INVITATION TO TENDER IP/C/JURI/IC/2012-024

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OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES

POLICY DEPARTMENT C: CITIZENS' RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS

LEGAL AFFAIRS

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[STUDY/NOTE]

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[IP/C/JURI/NT/200X_XX] DATE PE XXX.YYY EN

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This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Legal Affairs AUTHOR(S) Ms/Mr XXXXX YYYYYYYYYYY Ms/Mr XXXXX YYYYYYYYYYY Ms/Mr XXXXX YYYYYYYYYYY RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR Ms Vesna NAGLIC Policy Department C - Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: [email protected] LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN Translation: ABOUT THE EDITOR To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its newsletter please write to: [email protected] Manuscript completed in xxxx. Brussels, © European Parliament, 20xx. This document is available on the Internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy.

[Title of the study/note] ____________________________________________________________________________________________

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CONTENTS

CONTENTS 3

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 4

LIST OF [TABLES, MAPS, FIGURES, ETC] 5

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7

GENERAL INFORMATION 9

1. CHAPTER LEVEL 1 11

1.1. Chapter Level 2 11

1.2. Chapter Level 2 12

1.2.1. Chapter Level 3 12

2. CHAPTER LEVEL 1 13

REFERENCES 15

ANNEX 17

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Policy Department C: Citizens' rights and Constitutional Affairs ____________________________________________________________________________________________

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AGRI Agriculture and Rural Development Committee

ALDE Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe

BAS Brake-assist systems

CAP Common Agricultural Policy

CFP Common Fisheries Policy

CMO Common market organisation

CoR Committee of the Regions

CULT Culture and Education Committee

ECOSOC Economic and Social Committee

ECTS European Credit Transfer System

EPP-ED Group of the European People's Party and European Democrats

FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations

FPS Frontal protection systems

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GM Genetically-modified

Greens/EFA Greens/European Free Alliance

GUE/NGL Confederal Group of the European United Left - Nordic Green Left

IFI International Fund for Ireland

IND/DEM Independence/Democracy Group

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LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1

Key statistical data 8

TABLE 2

Key statistical data 10

LIST OF MAPS MAP 1

Administrative map of Bulgaria 12

LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1

Financial Breakdown 2007-2013 14

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background

Within the tourism sector, coastal tourism is by far the most significant in terms of tourist flows and generation of income. Among tourist destinations, coastal areas are most preferred by tourists, and the Mediterranean region is the world’s leading tourist destination: according to the World Tourism Organisation estimates it represents one-third of global income by tourism receipts. Most of the economies of Member States with significant lengths of coastline are highly dependent on the income generated by sea-related activities, such as tourism, fishing, transport etc. However, the use of the sea for such different purposes generates increasing pressure, in particular:

competition for space leads to conflicts between various activities (fishing, services, agriculture);

the natural ecosystems that support coastal areas suffer degradation, especially because of the impact of climate change;

there are large seasonal variations in population and employment. The increase in coastal tourism flows, especially in the form of mass tourism, is coupled with emerging concerns about potentially negative impacts on regional development from an environmental, economic and social point of view. Structural Funds can play a role in fostering sustainable development principles while designing and implementing coastal tourism interventions. Aim

The aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive qualitative analysis of the impact of Structural Fund expenditure on tourism projects in coastal regions, in order to put forward recommendations and policy-relevant advices for decision-makers. The approach is focused on five main aspects where the impact of Structural Funds can be crucial for the delivery of successful regional development interventions. These are:

Developing partnerships;

Providing financial leverage;

Revitalising the local economy;

Reducing seasonality;

Fostering environmental sustainability.

The methodology used comprised a twofold methodological approach:

provision of a general overview about the coastal tourism sector and funding opportunities, based on the collection and processing of secondary data available from the vast literature on tourism, coastal regions and Structural Funds;

analysis of primary data collected from fieldwork and case studies. Six target coastal regions have been selected, respecting the following mandatory criteria: representativeness of all the six macro-areas;

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inclusion in the sample of at least one island region; inclusion in the sample of at least one cross-border region; fair balance between “Convergence” and “Competitiveness and Employment”

regions. The main financial support for tourism derives from the Structural and Cohesion Funds. During the last programming period a large number of tourism interventions received support from these funds, the support varying due to the cross-cutting nature of the sector. Most important coastal tourism destinations in Europe received support through regional operational programmes and national sectoral operational programmes. The interventions included small tourism infrastructure, grant schemes to tourism small and medium enterprises (SMEs), beach renewal, urban regeneration, and culture and artistic heritage support. Table 1: Key statistical data

TITRE ACTIVITE

PARLEMENTAIRE MONTANT

€

The gap between producer prices and the prices paid by the consumer

Rapport d'initiative 9.950

Reflection on the possibilities for the future development of the CAP - the rural development perspectives"


Reflection on the possibilities for the future development of the CAP


State of biogas plants in European agriculture


The future of milk quota: different scenarios Rapport d'initiative/ proposition du HC

3.975

The future of the sheep and goat sector in Europe


Administrative costs for farmers and forests owners with lands in Natura 2000 areas

Etude préparatoire en vue d'une future législation

9.450

Source: EUROSTAT (2008)

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GENERAL INFORMATION

KEY FINDINGS

The tourism industry benefits from various assistance schemes offered by the EU, even though there is no direct policy or funding mechanism.

The main financial resource affecting tourism enterprises is represented by the SFs, in particular by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).

In qualitative terms, SFs positively affected coastal tourism, especially in terms of institutional building and enhancement of planning capacity.

In quantitative terms, the impact of SFs on coastal tourism is less clearly identifiable, due to the cross-cutting nature of the sector.

The traditional approach in tourism interventions within the SF framework benefited physical investments in accommodation or transport infrastructure.

Regional policies on tourism in the new programming period are moving towards a more strategic and integrated approach, focused on sustainable development issues.

Joint action between the EU and Member States’ governments could strengthen an integrated and effective coastal management planning approach. The main direct funding sources for tourism at the EU level are the Regional Policy financial instruments, in particular the ERDF. In fact, although no policies and financial instruments specifically devoted to tourism at European level are anticipated, as tourism is primarily of regional and national responsibility, nevertheless tourism interventions are part of broader EU macro-policies which can have a considerable impact on the sector. Most important coastal tourism destinations in Europe receive SF support through regional operational programmes (ROPs) and, to a minor extent, sectoral national operational programmes (OPs). The interventions of direct support can include small tourism infrastructure, grant schemes to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), beach renewal, urban regeneration, culture and artistic heritage support. However, consideration should also be given to other EU thematic instruments, relating for instance to enterprise, transport, environment, employment, education and culture, which indirectly have relevant spillovers into the tourism sector (see Box 5). The overall impact of SFs on regional development is varied. In qualitative terms SF have had a positive impact, especially in terms of institutional building and enhancement of planning capacity. This is especially true for the new Member States, who were less used to participatory and bottom-up approaches in public planning. In coastal tourism, the positive impact has led in particular to raising awareness in terms of the need for integration of policies for coastal areas, and the relevance of the

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environmental sustainability of interventions. This positive impact is reinforced by the joint action of SFs and other EU policies focused on coastal areas. EU policies concerning coastal regions (maritime transport, industry, offshore energy, fisheries, the marine environment and others) have been developed separately. Although recent evidence shows that concern for sustainable development of coastal regions is taking place progressively in Europe,1 in most Member States government action in coastal management planning is still defined only by guidance documents rather than regulatory instruments, so that joint action between EU and Member States (at national, regional and local level) has been felt as necessary to provide effective policies to address the challenges that coastal regions are facing. Bulgaria occupies the south-eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. To the north, the Danube forms much of its frontier with Romania, to the west it has a mountainous border with Serbia and FYROM and to the south its neighbours are Greece and Turkey. Eastwards, its beaches open on the Black Sea. Table 2: Key statistical data

Area 110 910 km2

Population 7 718 750 Population density (per km2) 68,9 Official language Bulgarian Currency Lev (1€ = 1.95 levs) GDP per capita (PPS) 38.1% Growth rate 6.2% Unemployment rate 6.9% Inflation rate 7.6% Public debt 18.2% of GDP Level of citizen's confidence in EU institutions 46% (2006) Transposition of Community law 99.9% Source: EUROSTAT (2007)

1 This is particularly true for the northern countries, where coastal zone plans concerning the protection of sites

of natural and biological interest have been issued and information campaigns on coastal protection have been organised, usually by NGOs.

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1. CHAPTER LEVEL 1

KEY FINDINGS







Bulgaria is a unitary state composed of municipalities (obshtina), administrative districts and regions (oblast).

The administrative setup of the country is in essence designed to meet the EU requirements in the course of the accession process. Level NUTS2 includes 6 planning regions, which are not a part of the administrative structure, but are formed mainly for the purposes of economic planning. At level NUTS3, the administrative breakdown comprises 28 oblasti. The next level includes 262 obshtini, which are the smallest administrative units with local self-government.

1.1. Chapter Level 2 At local level there are 260 municipalities (obshtina). The municipal council (obchtinski savet) is the deliberative body of the municipality. Its members are elected by direct universal suffrage for a four-year term. Members of the municipal council (between 11 and 51 councillors) elect their president from among themselves. The president convenes and chairs the council, and coordinates the commissions' work. The mayor is the executive body of the municipality. He/she is elected by direct majority universal suffrage for a four-year term. His/her role is to manage, coordinate, and implement policies adopted by the municipal council. The mayor is also responsible for the administration and represents the municipality. The municipality has the following competences:

Secondary educational establishment

Health


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Social services

Culture

Public Services

Sports and leisure

Water supply and sewage

Household refuse

1.2. Chapter Level 2

1.2.1. Chapter Level 3 Map 1: Administrative map of Bulgaria

Source: Website of Bulgarian Ministry of Regional Development

At regional level there are 6 planning regions and 28 administrative districts.

The planning region has no real competences; it has been established for the sole purpose of regional planning and development (see below). The district is a de-centralised state administration responsible for implementing the government's policy at regional level. Its competences are mainly to supervise the legal decisions of the local authorities and to participate to regional development plans. It is headed by a governor appointed by the Bulgarian government.


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2. CHAPTER LEVEL 1

KEY FINDINGS







Bulgaria joined the EU on 1 January 2007. Consequently, it is its first round of participation in Structural Funds programming. For the 2007-13 period, Bulgaria has been allocated €6 853 billion in total: €6 674 billion under the Convergence objective and €179 million under the European Territorial Cooperation objective. To complement the EU investment under the NSRF, Bulgaria’s contribution would amount to at least €1 345 billion at current prices. Between 2007 and 2013, the entire Bulgarian population of 7.8 million people will live in Convergence regions, as all six regions of Bulgaria (severozapaden, severentsentralen, severoiztochen, yugozapaden, yuzhentsentralen and yugoiztochen) fall under the Convergence objective. The NSRF core targets refer to high and sustainable economic growth, raising the competitiveness of the economy, developing human capital and ensuring higher employment and income as well as better social integration. To achieve these targets, the NSRF is based on four strategic objectives and priorities:

Improving basic infrastructure through construction and upgrading of roads and railways, information and communication technology, environmental infrastructures for wastewater and solid waste collection and treatment, natural risk prevention measures, sustainable energy and gas distribution networks.

Increasing the quality of human capital with a focus on employment by developing a skilled and adaptable labour force, promoting occupational health and safety, supporting education, training and lifelong learning, raising the level of social inclusion and improving the quality of social services and healthcare.

Fostering entrepreneurship, a favourable business environment and good governance by supporting innovation, cluster development, business start-ups, modern management and sustainable production, facilitating venture capital for


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micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as promoting good governance in national, regional and local administrations and supporting reform of the judicial system.

Supporting balanced territorial development through integrated urban development, investing in human capital and basic infrastructure in rural areas, creation and modernisation of transport systems, training, tourism development, local business development, and preservation of natural and cultural heritage.

In order to measure the impact of the investment, Bulgaria will set target indicators at the level of their OPs. Across Bulgaria the Structural Funds are expected to contribute to the implementation of the Lisbon agenda for jobs and growth. For example, by 2013 GDP per capita should increase to 51% of the EU average, the employment rate should reach 64%, compared to 55.8% in 2005, and Research and Development expenditure should increase from 0.4% to 1.15% of GDP in 2013.

The NSRF strategy will provide strong support for the Lisbon Agenda, with 61% of the funds in the Convergence objective allocated to related activities. The initial indicative estimated breakdown of the Funds comprising total Community assistance will be €3 205 billion in funding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), €1 185 billion from the European Social Fund (ESF) and €2 283 billion from the Cohesion Fund (CF).

The OP for Transport presents an ambitious strategy for much-needed investments in Bulgaria’s transport infrastructure. The development strategy is in line with the NSRF for Bulgaria, which in turn is based on the Community Strategic Guidelines, as well as Community Transport Policy and Trans-European Network policy objectives for transport.

Figure 1: Financial Breakdown 2007-2013

21%

2%

15%

15%

22%

24%1%

Regional Development Human Resources Technical Assistance

Administrative Capacity Environment Economic Competitiveness

Transport

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REFERENCES Battigelli F. (2007), Turismo e ambiente nelle aree costiere del Mediterraneo. Regioni a

confronto, Forum, Udine.

Battimani P. (2001), Vacanze di pochi, vacanze di tutti. L’evoluzione del turismo europeo, Il Mulino, Bologna.

Dimitrakopoulou C. (2006), Winter season tourism trends 2005-2006, in Eurostat Statistics in focus, n. 30/2006, Bruxelles.

Dimitrakopoulou C. (2007), Summer tourism trends in 2006, in Eurostat Data in focus, n. 8/2007, Bruxelles.

EBCD (2007), Maritime and coastal tourism workshop Report, Barcelona .

Egan, David J, Nield K.(2003), The economic impact of tourism-a critical review, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management

ESPON – European Spatial Planning Observation Network (2006), Project 1.4.5. Preparatory Study of Spatially relevant Aspects of Tourism.

European Commission (1999), Commission Communication concerning the SF and their coordination with the Cohesion Fund: Guidelines for the programmes in the period 2000-2006, COM(1999) 344 final, Official Journal C 267.

European Commission (2000), Communication from the Commission to the Council and European Parliament on Integrated Coastal Zone Management: A strategy for Europe, COM(2000) 547 final, Brussels

European Commission (2000), Towards quality coastal tourism, Integrated quality management (IQM) of coastal tourist destinations, Brussels.

European Commission (2005), Thematic Strategy on the Protection and Conservation of the Marine Environment, COM(2005) 504 final, Brussels.

European Commission (2006), A renewed EU Tourism Policy: Towards a stronger partnership for European Tourism, COM(2006) 134 final, Brussels

European Commission (2006), Green Paper: Towards a future Maritime Policy for the Union: A European vision for the oceans and seas, COM(2006) 275 final, Brussels.

European Commission (2007), Report to the European Parliament and the Council: An evaluation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Europe, COM(2007) 308 final, Brussels.

European Commission, DG Enterprise (2007), Financial Support for Tourism and Commerce in Italy.

European Commission (2000), Towards quality coastal tourism, Integrated quality management (IQM) of coastal tourist destinations, Brussels.


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European Commission (2005), Thematic Strategy on the Protection and Conservation of the Marine Environment, COM(2005) 504 final, Brussels.

European Commission (2006), A renewed EU Tourism Policy: Towards a stronger partnership for European Tourism, COM(2006) 134 final, Brussels

European Commission (2006), Green Paper: Towards a future Maritime Policy for the Union: A European vision for the oceans and seas, COM(2006) 275 final, Brussels.

European Commission (2007), Report to the European Parliament and the Council: An evaluation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Europe, COM(2007) 308 final, Brussels.

European Commission, DG Enterprise (2007), Financial Support for Tourism and Commerce in Italy.


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ANNEX


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NOTES

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