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Why does the apple fall?
Gravity: A force exerted on the apple, by the earth
(How is this possible? No idea.)
Do apples fall faster than pumpkins?
The same force would accelerate an apple much faster than a pumpkin.
Gravity must compensate by pulling harder on the pumpkin.
Apples vs. Moons
A dropped apple falls 5 meters in the first second.
The moon “falls” 0.0014 each second.
5 / 0.0014 = 3600 = (60)2
But the moon is 60 times farther from earth’s center than the apple, so earth’s gravity weakens in proportion to the square of the distance from earth’s center.
Newton’s Law of Gravity
Force of Gravity = (constant) x
So at double the distance, the force is 4x weaker; at triple the distance, the force is 9x weaker; at 10x the distance, the force is 100x weaker; and at 60x the distance, the force is 3600x weaker.
(Mass 1) x (Mass 2)
(Distance)2
The Newtonian Universe• Planets and moons are just chunks of ordinary nonluminous
matter, like the earth.• Planets and moons just drift through empty space, held in their
orbits by gravity.• The particular sizes and shapes of the orbits are artifacts of the
past.• Our sun is the source of all light in the solar system.• The stars are probably other suns, scattered through space,
dimmed by their enormous distances from us.• The universe has no obvious center.• Nature is governed by universal, mathematical laws.