Announcements

We have covered:

Pest & beneficial ID – know sight ID, damaging stage, direct or indirect injury, hosts

Sampling techniques – know active/attractive vs. passive, types of traps & pests they trap

EIL calculation – know how to calculate

Cultural control – know examples, how they work

Basic stats – know the significance of the P-value, null & alternative hypotheses, and types of analysis

Experimental designs – be able to design an experiment given experimental info

Alternatives to Pesticides – know examples and what insects they target

****KNOW THESE TOPICS FOR YOUR EXAM****

Important Dates

Final Homework from today due Tues. July 26

OPEN LAB: Tues. July 26 during regular lab period

Group Presentation: Thurs. July 28

10-15 min + 5 min for questions

Lab Practical: Tues. Aug 2, start 9:30 am (1.5 h)

Final Exam: Thurs. Aug 4

PESTICIDE LABELS & SPRAYER

CALIBRATION

PMA 4570/6228

Lab 8

July 21 2016

Pesticide Labels

Signal word Directions

a.i.

Hazards

and Safety

“Pesticides are toxic substances that are intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or

mitigating pests (such as insects, plant diseases, rodents and weeds), or any other substance

used as a plant growth regulators, defoliants, or desiccants”

General information

on pesticide labels

This information is required

on all pesticide labels

Review pages 252-253 in

your book

Label information will be

numbered according to this

figure in the following slides

Signal Word (#8)

KEEP OUT OF REACH

OF CHILDREN

CAUTION

Signal Word

Toxicity

Category Acute Oral Acute Dermal

Acute

Inhalation Primary eye irritation Primary skin irritation

Contains

≥ 4 %

methanol

DANGER I ≤ 50

mg/kg* ≤ 200 mg/kg* ≤ 0.05 mg/L*

Corrosive (irreversible

destruction of ocular tissue) or

corneal involvement or irritation

persisting for more than 21 days

Corrosive (tissue

destruction into the

dermis and/or scarring)

yes

WARNING II > 50 - 500

mg/kg

> 200 - 2000

mg/kg

> 0.05 - 0.5

mg/L

Corneal involvement or other

eye irritation clearing in 8 - 21

days

Severe irritation at 72

hours (severe erythema

or edema)

no

CAUTION III

> 500 -

5000

mg/kg

> 2000 - 5000

mg/kg > 0.5 - 2 mg/L

Corneal involvement or other

eye irritation clearing in 7 days

or less

Moderate irritation at 72

hours (moderate

erythema)

no

none

required** IV

> 5000

mg/kg > 5000 mg/kg > 2 mg/L

Minimal effects clearing in < 24

hours

Mild or slight irritation at

72 hours (no irritation or

slight erythema)

no

*The word POISON and the skull-and-crossbones symbol must appear near the word DANGER

**Manufactures may use CAUTION signal word and category III labeling if desired

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

ehs.uky.edu/classes/ hazcomm/hazcomtrain.html

PPE is listed under the

‘Precautionary

Statements’ section of

the label (#9)

Can also be called

‘Warning’ or ‘Caution

Statements’

REI and PHI

“It is a violation of Federal Law to use this

product in a manner inconsistent with its

labeling”

Restricted Entry Interval (REI) – Period of time after pesticide is

applied when no one can enter the sprayed area without proper

PPE.

• Found in the ‘Directions for Use’ section (#11)

Pre-harvest Interval (PHI) – The pesticide cannot be sprayed

within this amount of time before harvest

• Usually found with the crops/pests information

Formulations

Formulation

Wettable Powders (50WP)

Emulsifiable Concentrates (2EC)

Granules (15G)

Solutions (2S)

Dusts (D)

Flowables (2F)

If dry the number indicates % a.i.

If liquid the number indicates pounds a.i. per gallon

Usually found as a suffix in the

brand name (#2)

Examples

Vendex® 50WP

Cruiser Maxx™

Acramite® 50 WS

Assail® 70WP

http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/label/

If you need more information about labels you can go to EPA website: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides.

If you are looking for the labels or the MSDS for the products go to:

http://www.cdms.net/manuf/manuf.asp or go to the manufacturers web site.

Formulation – consists of the active ingredient (a.i) and inert, inactive

ingredients. Table 5-15, pg. 129

Adjuvants

Materials added to a pesticide formulation to

enhance its performance, customize the site-specific

needs, or compensate for local conditions

Examples:

Humectants

Stickers

Drift control agents

Acidifiers/buffers

Chapter 5, pages 141-142

SPRAYER CALIBRATION

Main components of a sprayer

Tank

Nozzle/boom

Pump

Strainer

Agitator

Pressure regulator

Pressure gauge

Hose

Credits: Tifton UGA.edu.

Types of Sprayers

Air blast

or Air

assist UKAg Extension

www.pestcontrolsupplies.com/

Tempo.htm

www.northerntool.com/webapp/wcs/stores/ser

vlet/product_6970_200312599_200312599

High boy

Aerial sprayer

Nozzles

Many types for different uses and crops

flat-fan, even-flat, solid cone, adjustable, flood

Angle of a nozzle and the height at which it is held from the

ground/plant determines spray width and pattern (effective

swath width (ESW))

Use different sprayers/nozzles for insecticides and herbicides

effective swath width

Sprayer calibration

Calibration tells you:

How much is spraying from the nozzles (flow rate)

How fast your equipment is going (speed)

Many grower sprayers are calibrated at 50-100 gallons/acre

Calibrated periodically to ensure equipment is operating properly

Effective pest control depends on proper application of the pesticide so applying the right amount is important

too much (toxicity to crops, non-target, beneficial insects)

too little – not sufficient control is achieved

cost – time and money

Factors affecting spray output

Pressure

Speed – person

walking, tractor

Nozzle size - rate of

discharge

**Sprayer calibration is done using only water

Steps to Applying a Pesticide

1. Calibrating Your Equipment

2. Calculating Pesticide Amount

3. Calculating Water Volume

Step 1: Calibrating Your Equipment

1. Mark off the area to be used in calibration

2. Record the time taken to spray the calibration area – only when spraying

(using only water). Calculate distance traveled per unit time (speed)

3. Collect in a graduated container and measure the output from the sprayer

per unit time (flow rate)

finish Start

Your calibration area does not have to be

the same area that you plan to spray. It

just needs to be a known area

Example: Calibrating Your Equipment

1. Mark your calibration area = 1000 sqft

2. Time to spray the area = 50 s to cover 1000 sqft

• Distance traveled = 200 ft

• Speed = 200 ft/50 s = 4 ft/s

3. How much water came out = 0.75 gal

• Flow rate = 0.75 gal/50 s = 0.015 gal/s

Application rate = 0.75 gallons per 1000 sqft

OR

(43,560 sqft/acre x 0.75 gal/1000 sqft) gallons/acre

= 32.67 gallons/acre

5 ft (spray width)

100 ft

Step 2: Calculating Pesticide Amount

1. Determine your area to be sprayed

2. Determine the recommended application rate

• Found on the pesticide label

3. Determine the amount of pesticide needed for

your application area

Example: Calculating Pesticide Amount

1. Determine your area

100 ft x (5 ft x 4) = 2000 sqft

2000 sqrt / 43,560 sqft = 0.046 acres

(treatment area in acres)

2. Pesticide: Malathion 5EC

Rate for potato leafhopper on beans:

2 pints/acre (application rate)

3. How much pesticide for your area?

2 pints/acre x 0.046 acres = 0.092 pints of Malathion 5EC

473 ml/pint x 0.092 pints = 43.4 ml of Malathion 5EC for 2000 sqft (pesticide amount)

5 ft

100 ft

1 acre = 43,560 ft2

5 ft 5 ft 5 ft

Step 3: Calculating Your Water Volume

1. Determine the distance you have to travel to cover

your spray area

Based on your spray width

2. Determine the time to cover your spray area

3. Calculate your water volume

Example: Calculating Your Water Volume

1. Determine travel distance

100 ft x 4 = 400 ft

2. Speed = 4 ft/s (from calibration)

400 ft / (4 ft/s) = 100 s (travel time)

3. Flow Rate (sprayer output) = 0.015 gallon/s (from calibration)

0.015 gal/s x 100 s = 1.5 gal

1.5 gal x 3.785 L/gal = 5.7 L (water volume)

5 ft

100 ft

1 gallon = 3.785 L

Pesticide Calculation Results

To treat 2000 ft2 with Malathion 5EC you need:

If your tank holds 2 L, you would need to fill 3.2 times

to cover your area

43.4 ml Malathion 5EC

in

5.7 L water

How much active ingredient (a.i.) are you

applying??

1. Determine the a.i. in your pesticide

Malation 5EC means 5 pounds a.i./gallon

5 lb/gal x 453.59 g/lb x 1/3785 gal/mL = 0.60 g ai/mL (metric)

2. How much a.i are you applying?

Pesticide applied: 43.4 ml (from step 2)

43.4 mL x 0.60 g ai/mL = 26.0 g a.i.

EC (emulsifiable

concentrate) is a

liquid

What if your pesticide has a solid

formulation? How do you calculate a.i.?

1. Determine the a.i. in your pesticide

Grandevo is a powder

a.i. is 30% of the formula

2. How much a.i are you applying?

Pesticide applied (example): 62.6 g

62.6 g x 0.30 ai = 18.8 g a.i.

Use the percent a.i. from

the label to calculate the

a.i. you are applying

Sprayer calibration

Properly calibrated equipment is required for effective use of pesticides

Factors that affect effectiveness of pesticide application

Temperature

Rain

Soil type

Type of equipment

Application rate

Thoroughly rinse the spray tank after use

Past, present…….future???

Then Now

Wisconsin Historical

Images

DDT application

on Elm tree

Future ..…..robots

http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Feb09/robotic.sprayer.jo.html

Robotics tractors and sprayers – autonomous vehicles

Useful Unit Conversions

1 gallon = 128 fl oz (fluid ounces)

1gallon = 3785.3 ml

1 fluid ounce = 29.6 ml

1 pint = 473 ml

1 pound = 453.6 grams (0.4536 kg)

1 ounce (dry) = 28.35 grams

1 acre = 43,560 ft2

1 acre = 0.4 hectares

FINAL Homework

Insecticide Labels and Calibration handout

Worth 11 points

DUE Tues, July 26 at beginning of class