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annual report 2002 scanning the planet’s health.
annual report 2002
scanning the planet’s health.
1 Sustaining life
2 Many voices, one world
4 A future for the planet
6 The power of partnerships
10 Turning down the heat
12 WWF Financial Report 2002including WWF International Board and Directorsand The WWF Network
14 Saving species
16 Living waters
18 Keeping the oceans alive
20 Forests for life
22 A toxic-free future
24 Restoring the balance
CONTENTS
Insert
"wwf’s mission is to stop, and ev
*This paper is made by Dalum, Denmark, andcontains 75% recycled post consumer wasteand 25% virgin wood fibre. At least 70% of thisvirgin fibre comes from well-managed forestscertified in accordance with the rules of theFSC. The printer, Ropress, holds FSC chain of custody n° SGS-COC-0474 (see page 20 for further information on FSC).
© 1996 Forest Stewardship Council AC
This publication is WWF International’s officialannual report. Copies of the annual reports ofother WWF offices may be obtained directly fromthe relevant office (see insert). For further read-ing, see WWF’s Global Conservation Programme2002/2003 on www.panda.org.
Managing Editor: Zandra McGillivray, WWF InternationalWritten, compiled, and edited by Tim Davis, DJEnvironmental, UKPicture research: Michèle Dépraz, WWF-Canon Photo DatabaseDesign and Production: Saatchi & Saatchi Rowland, Nyon, SwitzerlandPrinted by: Ropress, Zurich, Switzerland, onEmerald paper*, using vegetable oil-based inks.
ISBN: 2-88085-257-9
Published in December 2002 by WWF – WorldWide Fund For Nature (Formerly World WildlifeFund), Gland, Switzerland. Any reproduction infull or in part of this publication must mention the title and credit the above-mentioned publisheras the copyright holder.
No photographs from this publication may bereproduced on the World Wide Web without priorauthorization from WWF.
The material and the geographical designations in this report do not imply the expression of anyopinion whatsoever on the part of WWF concern-ing the legal status of any country, territory, orarea, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiersor boundaries.
© text 2002 WWF. All rights reserved.
WWF gratefully acknowledges donations in kind from:
● Crowley Esmonde Ltd.● Paperback
Cover: © Tony Stone Imaging
Chief Emeka Anyaoku
entually reverse, the degradation
Ten years ago, the ground-breaking Earth
Summit in Rio de Janeiro placed environmental,
social, and economic issues on the international policy
agenda and gave us Agenda 21 – a global blueprint
adopted by more than 178 governments for ending poverty
and caring for the environment. Ten years on, two billion peo-
ple – one-third of the world’s population – live in extreme
poverty, lacking clean water, adequate sanitation, and access
to energy. Environmental degradation has continued unabated
– the crisis facing the world’s rainforests, for example, had
already become a worldwide cause before the Earth Summit, but
since then land clearance has continued and half of the world’s
tropical rainforests are now lost forever.
During the often troubled preparations for the
follow-up to Rio – the World Summit on Sustainable
Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg in August –
WWF called for action that would be innovative,
practical, and deliverable within a clear timeframe.
In particular, we were seeking progress on three
interconnected issues: fighting poverty and pro-
moting sustainable ways of living, encouraging more Earth-
friendly behaviour, and protecting the forest, freshwater, and
marine ecosystems on which all life ultimately depends.
These are the areas in which WWF has developed
considerable expertise. Long before the phrase
“sustainable development” was coined,
WWF was promoting ways for
people and nature to live in harmony. Our
work with local communities, for example,
combines the careful use of natural resources with
conservation of plant and animal life, helping at
the same time to ease the burden of poverty. WWF’s
continuing search for practical solutions to the challenges
confronting humanity is reflected throughout the pages
of this report.
By focusing on a limited number of global issues and
those parts of the Earth which hold the greatest biological
diversity, WWF and a growing number of partners worldwide
continue to act for people and the planet.
Chief Emeka AnyaokuPresidentWWF International
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Former Secretary-General of the Commonwealth,Chief Emeka Anyaoku, a Nigerian national, took up his four-year appointment as President of theBoard of Trustees of WWF International on 1 Janu-ary 2002. Aside from a short term as Nigerian Foreign Minister in 1983, Chief Anyaoku spent 34 years in the Commonwealth Secretariat, whichhe joined in 1966 shortly after its inception. ChiefAnyaoku has also served as a member of the Inter-national Board of the United World Colleges andthe Governing Council of the International Institutefor Strategic Studies, as well as being a trustee of
the Rajiv Gandhi Foundation, the Malaysian Com-monwealth Studies Centre, and the World Com-mission on Forestry.
Of his appointment as International President ofWWF, Chief Anyaoku says: “Increasing environ-mental destruction and the imbalances in resourceuse between developed and developing countriesare having a growing impact on our world. In thiscontext it is an honour and a great challenge toserve as the president of an organization such asWWF, which is working to create a future in whichhumans can live in harmony with nature.”
WWF welcomes new International President
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Claude Martin
of the planet’s natural environment
In the recent past, non-gov-
ernmental organizations (NGOs) have
often been accused of inhibiting economic growth
and wanting humanity to go back into the caves. Ironically
NGOs, including WWF, feel that some governments are
nowadays withdrawing into their own national caves out of short-
term economic interests, rather than showing a willingness to
address the obstacles that stand in the way of sustainable develop-
ment and poverty eradication. A world of free trade without authorita-
tive intergovernmental regulatory institutions will never be able to arrive
at the global goals set by the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992 and this year’s
World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg.
According to WWF’s latest Living Planet Report (see page 24), pub-
lished in July, if current trends continue, humanity’s ecological footprint will
increase to twice the Earth’s regenerative capacity over the next 50 years.
It is all too evident that it will be the poor of the world who bear the brunt of
the resulting resource degradation. Who would have predicted when the
Climate Change Convention was signed in Rio that, within ten years, we
would witness severe effects on many ecosystems, with melting ice
masses in arctic regions threatening the lives of many indigenous peo-
ples, coral bleaching and tropical storms wrecking the economy of
coastal populations and many small island states, and drought and
severe flooding causing misery and chaos, particularly in
poverty-stricken areas? What, if anything, emphasizes
more strongly the need for a multilateral system
to address such global issues?
Disillusioned, we watched
as the Johannes-
burg negotiations often resembled a “race to
the bottom”, to the extent that we had to be lucky not to
go back on the earlier commitments of the Rio Principles and
the UN Millennium Goals. Governments should be the legitimate
voice of the people they claim to represent and should recognize the
great differences between nations, cultures, and economic circum-
stances. They should act in solidarity instead of in disarray and narrow
self-interest. For this to happen, the world needs clear objectives,
targets, and timetables. These could have emerged in Johannesburg,
where many companies – contrary to popular opinion – joined NGOs
in asking for a clear set of rules and operating principles to serve as the
foundation for sustainable development.
The outcome of the WSSD calls into question whether such events
can make any meaningful contribution, particularly to the implementation
of existing agreements, when the dynamics of negotiation turn bold visions
into the lowest common denominator. WWF’s disappointment with the offi-
cial result of the summit, however, did not mean that the event was use-
less. An unprecedented diversity of positive new public-private partner-
ships and local initiatives was triggered. The most constructive outcome
was that greater numbers of people now understand that the prospects
of future generations depend on living in harmony with nature, and must
be built on equity and the reduction of poverty.
The contribution to sustainable development of many NGOs
has been significant and is often underrated. Since Rio, WWF
has instigated market mechanisms such as the Forest Steward-
ship Council (FSC) and the Marine Stewardship Council
(MSC). We have forged important partnerships with
corporations and helped establish environ-
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and to build a future in which humans
mental
and social stan-
dards within different
branches of industry.
We have worked together
with intergovernmental
institutions such as the
United Nations and the World
Bank and have supported
regional government collabo-
rations in resource manage-
ment. We have also run many
thousands of environmental
and sustainable development
projects funded voluntarily by
millions of individual support-
ers. Significant though these
endeavours may be, they will
not be enough – we need
something innovative to take
us further.
In the run-up to Johannesburg and during the summit itself, a number
of governments stepped forward with progressive proposals and a will-
ingness to show leadership that went beyond their own short-term
economic interests. Unfortunately, the intergovernmental process
has not caught up with what is happening in the real world
to the degree necessary for a truly coherent system
which puts sustain-
able development at the heart of
everything.
However, WWF sees opportunities and a
way forward that would not allow the laggards to
jeopardize the prospects of the entire world community.
We envisage new constellations of enlightened govern-
ments, intergovernmental institutions, environmental and
development NGOs, forward-looking companies, and creative
thinkers who collectively can address those issues left unresolved
in Johannesburg. Such alliances will engage in concrete sustainable
development programmes, build momentum at regional and sub-
regional levels, create new market instruments that promote sustain-
able development solutions, and forge new policy alliances which can
overcome the current flaws in the multilateral system.
WWF believes that a majority of the people of this planet share a
common concern for future generations. As the pressure on natural
resources rises and inequities sharpen, this will foster a further growth
of NGOs. People will look to leaders from all sectors of society who
make a leap forward and commit to concrete solutions based on
an ethical, long-term interest for the planet and its people. We shall
pursue this agenda with determination and vigour.
Dr Claude MartinDirector General, WWF International
The eyes of the world are on President Mbeki of South Africa at WWF’s “SOS Planet”concert during the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg.
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live in harmony with nature."
WWF is one of the world’s
largest and most effective independent
organizations dedicated to the conservation
of nature. Its mission is to stop, and eventually reverse,
the damage to the planet’s natural environment and build
a future in which humans live in harmony with nature. Conserving
the world’s biological diversity, making sure the use of renewable
natural resources is sustainable in the long term, and promoting the
reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption are the paths WWF is
taking to achieve this ambitious goal. Today, the organization operates
in more than 90 countries, supported by nearly five million people worldwide.
Its initials and famous panda logo have become a powerful rallying point
for those who care about the future of the planet and want to help shape it in
a positive way.
The organization’s success and reputation have been built around a fac-
tual, science-based approach to conservation, which focuses on six priority
issues of global concern: forests, fresh water, oceans and coasts, threatened
species, and the insidious threats of toxic chemicals and climate change. For
each of these issues, WWF main-
tains highly focused programmes
with measurable targets, summa-
rized in the following pages.
To reach these targets, WWF
runs more than 1,200 on-the-
ground projects around the world
in any year. Backing up this work
at the frontline are hard-hitting
campaigns, wherever pos-
sible involving the
general public, and designed to bring about a
particular outcome – such as stopping the overfishing of
European waters (see page 18). WWF’s 3,800 dedicated and pro-
fessional staff, many of whom come from the corporate sector and
have chosen to use their expertise for the good of the Earth, sometimes
working in difficult and dangerous conditions, help to get maximum
mileage out of the approximately US$260 million that WWF spends annu-
ally on its global conservation work.
Saving special placesRecognizing that local conservation problems often have their roots in wider
social and economic issues, which influence how people use and consume
resources and affect the environment, WWF increasingly focuses on areas
whose boundaries are defined by nature – what WWF terms “ecoregions”.
These may be tropical forests or wetlands spanning one or more countries,
or entire coral reef systems such as the Mesoamerican Caribbean Reef which
extends 700 kilometres from the tip of the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico south
to the Bay Islands off the coast of Honduras.
WWF has identified some 200 such places – the “Global 200 Ecoregions”
– which contain the best part of the world’s remaining biological diversity,
and which must be protected if we are to leave a living planet for future
generations. WWF alone cannot save all of them, so the organization
has chosen a representative selection of 40 for which to develop action
plans. Ambitious, broad-scale, and involving partners from all sectors,
these plans combine environmental, economic, and social actions
to conserve or restore the biodiversity of an entire ecoregion. Four
of the ecoregions in which WWF is working are described
in this report.
A special place: Avacha Volcano in Nalychevo Nature Park, Kamchatka – one of WWF’s Global 200 Ecoregions and a Gift to the Earth (see opposite) from the Russian government.
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Action for a living planetLaunched in 1996, the “Gift to the Earth” is WWF’s
highest accolade for the significant conservation work
of others. It provides international recognition and support to
a government, a company, or an individual. By October 2002,
79 Gifts had been recognized by WWF. Among the most recent
was the declaration in June by the Azores of two marine protected
areas conserving unique and fragile life forms on the deep-sea
floor of the Atlantic Ocean (see page 18). An earlier Gift, in March,
recognized the achievement of the Forestry Chamber of Bolivia
in gaining Forest Stewardship Council certification (see page 20) for
1 million hectares of tropical forests.
Getting the message acrossWWF’s award-winning website – www.panda.org – is an immensely powerful tool for
awareness-raising and activism. Some 200,000 people visit the website every month.
In addition, over the past twelve months, 300,000 online actions were taken by con-
cerned individuals through WWF’s “Panda Passport” campaigning site. For example,
over 17,000 electronic messages urged the New Zealand Minister of Fisheries to pro-
tect the North Island Hector’s dolphin, the world’s rarest marine dolphin. WWF wants
the government to close the dolphin’s entire habitat to commercial and recreational
fishing and urgently develop a recovery plan. A decision is pending. However, some
7,000 e-mails helped convince Malaysia’s state government to call off plans to kill all
tigers in Kelantan and to work with WWF to resolve the human-tiger conflicts at the
heart of the problem. Indo-Chinese tigers are gravely endangered, numbering
fewer than 600 in Malaysia and 2,000 worldwide.
WWF’s press and video news releases are taken seriously by the
international media, bringing conservation stories of the moment
to the front pages of newspapers and television news
programmes around the world.
The WWF NetworkSince its foundation as a non-profit organization under Swiss law in 1961, WWF’s net-
work of offices has grown steadily to cover most regions of the world (see insert). A
number of Associate organizations have also adopted WWF’s mission and principles.
At the heart of this global network is the International Secretariat based in Gland,
Switzerland. It identifies and monitors emerging conservation concerns, manages
the international conservation programme, guides WWF’s position on international
issues, coordinates worldwide campaigns, communications, Gifts to the Earth, and
fundraising activities, and builds global partnerships.
The rest of the WWF Network contributes expertise and funding to the
international conservation programme. Activities range from practical field
projects and scientific research to advising on environmental policy,
promoting environmental education, and raising public understanding
of environmental issues. Two specialist offices in Washington and
Brussels work to influence institutions which deal with global
economic issues, such as the World Bank and the Global
Environment Facility (GEF), and the policies and
activities of the European Union.
Through WWF’s Panda Passport website, thousands of people have campaignedto save species such as the endangered Indo-Chinese tiger (above) and New Zealand’s rare North Island Hector’s dolphin – here, caught in a fishing line.
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law, and for adopting and promotingbest practice in environmental behav-iour. In today’s increasingly competitiveworld, consumers expect companies todemonstrate corporate responsibilitytowards the environment, creatingmany opportunities for WWF to workwith them to mutual advantage.
With this in mind, WWF enters intobusiness and industry relationshipswith a positive and constructive mind-set, searching for solutions which takethe organization further along the roadto stopping the damage to the planet’snatural environment.
We thank all the individuals, founda-tions, trusts, and corporations from allover the world who generously sup-ported WWF during 2002.
Paul SteeleChief Operating Officer, WWF International
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Changes in corporate practice areessential if we are to make progress infighting global warming, moving torenewable energy systems and cleantechnologies, phasing out toxic chemi-cals, and making sure that resourcesare used sustainably.
Although companies are often seenas part of the problem, they are alsoundoubtedly key to the solution. WWFhas long recognized that the way aheadin its relationship with business andindustry is to forge partnerships thatlead to real action and positive results.Since half of the world’s top 100 eco-nomic entities are corporations, WWFbelieves that corporate engagement is central to transforming markets, tochanging domestic and international
close to a panda reserve. FollowingWWF’s recommendations, a 7-kilome-tre conveyor belt has been constructedto transport minerals, instead of theroads that would have encroached intothe forests around the reserve. Otherpotential environmental impacts arebeing closely monitored.
Lafarge is also funding some ofWWF’s conservation activities aroundthe world.But,as in all its partnerships,WWF does not hesitate to be critical of any business decisions or activitieswhich it judges to be bad for the envi-ronment.
commitment made by industrializedcountries under the Kyoto climatetreaty.
WWF and Lafarge have identifiedseveral performance indicators tomeasure the company’s efforts to min-imize its global environmental foot-print, for example energy consumption,and waste and energy recovery.Lafarge has also adopted strict guide-lines for the rehabilitation of its quar-ries and is looking to improve energyefficiency across all its plants by reduc-ing the use of fossil fuels and by usingwaste products such as fly ash in thecement production process.
WWF is working with Lafarge toensure “best practice” is applied acrossall the company’s operations. In China,for instance, Lafarge has a new quarry
Raising standardsWWF’s Conservation Partners are aselect group of companies with whichWWF works on areas of common con-cern, such as improved environmentalstandards. One partnership, now in itsthird year, is with Lafarge,world leaderin building materials. Together, WWFand Lafarge are tackling issues that are central to the business of eachorganization. Take climate change forexample: Lafarge is one of the biggestprivate sector producers of carbondioxide (CO2) – a main cause of globalwarming – emitting over 70 milliontonnes a year, almost double the emis-sions of Switzerland. However, underthe partnership with WWF,Lafarge hasmade a major commitment to reducingits CO2 emissions by 10 per cent below1990 levels, by 2010 – roughly twice the
Paul Steele
RESORT THREAT
WWF is campaigning to stop theWestern Australian governmentfrom allowing developers to build aresort for over 2,500 people – withholiday homes and power boats –in the heart of Australia’s NingalooReef.
This quarry in Greece is being rehabilitated withtrees from the local Lafarge nursery that supplies30,000 trees per year for this purpose.
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Creative helpThe creation and placing of advertise-ments is crucial to WWF campaigns.This is where another of WWF’s Con-servation Partners – Ogilvy & Mather– steps in. This leading advertisingagency provides WWF with free cre-ative work and negotiates with Mind-share for pro bono placements worthseveral million US dollars per year in major international media. Anadvertisement developed this year tohelp WWF campaign against overfish-ing in European waters (see page 18)appeared in Time, Newsweek, Fortunemagazine,Scientific American,NationalGeographic, the International HeraldTribune, and Reader’s Digest.
Imaging natureHigh-quality images are an essentialcommunications tool for WWF. TheConservation Partnership establishedwith Canon in 1998 is helping WWF todigitize its superb collection of naturephotographs, making it readily avail-able online to its offices worldwide.This year, WWF has also been able to commission professional photogra-phers, such as Michel Gunther, MartinHarvey, Roger Le Guen and other topnames in the business,to further enhancethe WWF-Canon Photo Database.
Canon has put environmental issuesat the heart of its vision for the 21st cen-tury. Having created the world’s firstsystem for recycling used toner car-tridges in 1990, the company continuesto develop innovative products that not
only conserve energy and resources,but also eliminate hazardous sub-stances. Together, Canon and WWFraise awareness of the environmentthrough photography competitions –nearly 5,000 entries were received in a “Wild Danish Nature” competition –product and retail promotions, andproject and event sponsorship.
Getting the message acrossProducts bearing the WWF logo arealso appearing in popular feature filmsand television programmes, thanks to WWF’s partnership with Propa-ganda, a Swiss-based product place-ment agency. Millions of people acrossthe world can now see WWF mugs,caps, posters, and stickers – US$2 mil-lion worth of free placements – onshows like “Friends” and in the films“Orange County” and “The PrincessDiaries”, thereby increasing WWF’sbrand exposure.
Eco-pastaDelverde, the Italian pasta manu-facturer, and WWF are now in the second year of a Corporate Supporterpartnership. WWF’s Corporate Sup-porters are companies committed to environmentally friendly work-relatedpractices that also contribute financialsupport or gifts-in-kind to WWF to further its work. Delverde has alwaystaken an active role in nature conser-vation and is now increasing its rangeof organic products, as well as helpingprotect the Majella National Park inthe Abruzzo region of northern Italy,where its headquarters are located.
ATTACK BY TUNA FARMERS
A boat with WWF-funded camera-man and photographer aboard wasattacked by tuna farm workers offthe coast of Cartagena, Spain, andall photos and footage destroyed.WWF campaigns against tuna farm-ing, which – unlike aquaculture – isendangering blue-fin tuna by cap-turing them in the wild.
Photographer Tony Heenon, working with Canon equipment, sees eye to eye with a kangaroo.
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Stop overfishing! This free ad from O&M has appeared in magazines such as National Geographic, Newsweek, Time, and Reader’s Digest.
Goodness is nature’s gift. Delverde’s advertisingexpresses the company’s respect for nature.
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Shaping the message Market research group INRA Europehas been a Corporate Supporter ofWWF for three years, providing freemarket research into the Europeanpublic’s perception of environmentalissues and of WWF and its brand. Thefirst survey was conducted in 1999, innine European countries, and is beingrepeated this year in order to analysewhere progress has been made in termsof image and awareness.The invaluableinformation provided by these surveyshelps the organization to better shapeits messages and to convince potentialbusiness partners that WWF is a credi-ble and respected environmental brand.
Corporate Club gains groundMore than 80 companies in six coun-tries (China, Hungary, Poland, Russia,Thailand, and the United Arab Emi-rates) support WWF financially andin-kind through membership of its Cor-porate Club. The club in the UAE, forexample, provides WWF with theopportunity to save threatened speciessuch as the Arabian oryx in the MiddleEast. This year saw the launch of thelatest club in China – possibly one ofthe most important growth markets inthe global economy and whose impacton natural resources is of great concernto WWF.
the greatest risk of causing conflicts.One and a half billion of the world’spoorest people don’t have access tosafe drinking water. We want to helpturn this around, and with HSBC’s support we can start to stem the declinein three of the world’s key freshwatersystems.”
Investing in fresh waterWWF aims to restore 2 million hectaresof river basin habitats in the Amazon inBrazil, the Yangtze in China, and theRio Grande in the USA, returningrivers to their natural flow, protectingfish and other species, and securingfresh drinking water for millions, thanksto a new partnership with HSBC,one ofthe world’s biggest banks.
“Companies as well as individualshave a responsibility for the stewardshipof this planet, which we hold in trust forthe future,” said HSBC Chairman SirJohn Bond.“If we don’t act now,by 2025over half of the world’s populationcould face a water shortage.”
Dr Garo Batmanian, Chief Execu-tive of WWF’s office in Brazil said:“WWF believes that fresh water is acritical issue worldwide with perhaps
Licensed to playAs one of WWF’s licensing partnerssince 1995, International Bon Ton Toys(IBTT) has designed a collection ofplush toy animals especially for WWF.The company complies with WWF’srigorous environmental standards byusing carefully sourced materials tomake its toys, which are sold through-out the world. The relationship is also a good example of “cross-pollination”with other WWF partners: Canon ran a special promotion in more than12 countries featuring 80,000 hippo-shaped plush camera bags made byIBTT. Anyone buying the Canon prod-uct received one of the bags free.
BOLD BLUEPRINT FOR NATURE
The Papua New Guinea govern-ment has adopted ecoregionsdefined by WWF for the country’sconservation planning. This is acrucial step to conserving PNG’svast natural resources and suchunique species as the world’ssmallest parrot, largest butterfly,and only poisonous bird.
WWF’s Corporate Club in the UAE provides fresh impetus for the conservationof the endangered Arabian oryx.
The value of fresh water – here in the Cajari forest reserve, Amapa, Brazil.
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In 1999, a survey by market research group INRA in nine European countries showed that a majority of respondents thought an associationwith WWF added value to a company.
Don’t know 23%Agree 63%
Disagree 14%
WWF & business partnershipsAn association with WWF adds value to a company
… and these butterfly fish in the Red Sea.
Vital supportAt the start of WWF’s fifth decade,almost 5 million people worldwide sup-port the organization, contributingalmost 50 per cent of the income thatWWF spends every year on conserva-tion. These vital funds, amounting tomore than US$150 million, give WWFthe flexibility and independence itneeds to achieve its goals for wildlife,people, and the planet. WWF commitsits resources where and when there is greatest need, whether in efforts to influence policies and decisionsaffecting conservation, or in practicalwork on the ground.
The outstanding commitment ofmembers of The 1001:A Nature Trust –a unique funding mechanism created in 1971 by HRH Prince Bernhard of
the Netherlands – continues to providecore support for WWF’s work. In 2002,for instance, contributions from The1001 helped to swell the Prince Bern-hard Scholarship Fund. The fund,created in 1991 on the occasion ofPrince Bernhard’s 80th birthday, formsan integral part of WWF’s conserva-tion programme. To date, WWF hasawarded 147 grants to help people,mostly in developing countries, pursueeducation in their chosen conservationfield – whether in forest and wildlifemanagement, environmental law, oreconomics – and to take their new skillsback to the heart of their communities.
Firm foundationsSecuring long-term funding is one ofWWF’s greatest challenges.In this regard,the organization owes much to the foun-dations which make this possible.
Funding from the Charles StewartMott Foundation in the US is helpingWWF bring about better wildlife pro-tection laws, particularly covering the
trade in species. In the Philippines, forexample, WWF is examining the tradein live coral reef fish. The project hasbrought together fishermen, traders,and government representatives tostudy the impacts of the trade and totry to balance the interests of the envi-ronment, the economy, and socialwell-being.This type of work will helpWWF to make “sustainability assess-ment” an integral feature of any futuretrade policies and decision-making.
The AVINA Foundation is provid-ing invaluable funding for WWF’s workin the Mediterranean, helping localpeople to make a living without dam-aging the region’s fragile environment.
The MAVA Foundation continuesto fund WWF in its work to protectEurope’s freshwater wetlands. This isenabling WWF to set up marine and
coastal protected areas as well as envi-ronmentally sensitive tourism devel-opment – less demanding on limitedwater supplies.
The Oak Foundation is fundingWWF to safeguard European seasthrough the creation of protectedareas, better management of Mediter-ranean coasts, and a curb on fishingsubsidies which threaten the survival ofcertain fish.
WWF is also deeply grateful to thosedonors who prefer to remain anonymous.
TURTLE PROTECTION
WWF has been working closely withHindu high priests in Bali who havenow declared that the use of turtlemeat during Hindu religious cere-monies is not obligatory and thatHindu people should respect thesea turtle protection law.
David Mutabe of Zambia completed his studies in forestry and wildlife managementthanks to a WWF grant.
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to protect species such as this parrotfish in theIndo-Pacific Ocean…
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Every year, we burn fossil fuels – coal,oil, and gas – which have taken half amillion years to form. While the fullimpacts of the resulting carbon dioxide(CO2) gases emitted will only becometruly apparent in the decades and cen-turies to come, some of the Earth’s morefragile places such as the Arctic andmountain wetlands are already feelingthe heat. Solutions are at hand but mustbegin immediately. This is crucialbecause even if current levels of globalwarming are reduced by 50 per centover the next few years, the effects –sea-level rise, melting ice caps, soaringtemperatures, unpredictable and violentweather, and loss of species and habi-tats – would continue well into the nextcentury.
As well as looking to reduce globalwarming through renewable energies –such as wind and solar power – and amore efficient use of energy, WWF ishelping communities adapt to a chang-ing climate. Actions such as restoring
ice-free periods limit the time the bearshave to hunt, reducing the femalebears’ ability to feed their young.
The WWF report found evidencethat global warming is already affectingpolar bears in the Hudson Bay area ofCanada, one of the leading CO2 pol-luters yet to ratify the Kyoto climatetreaty. This comes on top of problemsthat polar bears already face fromhunting, toxic pollution, and future oildevelopments in the Arctic.
A new WWF website – www.panda.org/polarbears – contains extensiveinformation about polar bears andtheir Arctic domain,and includes satel-lite-tracking of two bears as they roamthe ice pack in search of prey.
government began the process of rati-fication by the Duma. Only Canadanow lagged behind,although the Cana-dian Prime Minister pledged to ratifybefore the end of the year.
Melting awayWWF’s Climate Change Programmecontinues to lead the field in docu-menting and publicizing the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. Anew study by WWF, Polar Bears atRisk, confirms that climate change isthe number one long-term threat to thesurvival of the world’s remaining22,000 bears.
Global warming has caused Arctictemperatures to rise by 5˚ C over thepast 100 years, and the extent of sea icehas decreased by 6 per cent over thepast 20 years. Scientists now predict a60 per cent loss of summer sea ice byaround 2050, which would more thandouble the ice-free season from 60 to150 days. Sea ice is critical to polarbears as a platform from which theyhunt their prey, mainly seals. Longer
Go for KyotoOn 7 February, 200 days before gov-ernments gathered in Johannesburg for the World Summit on SustainableDevelopment, WWF launched “Go forKyoto”, a campaign to speed up ratifi-cation of the Kyoto climate treaty andbring it into force before the end of2002. WWF argues that without a legaland binding treaty to stabilize climatechange, efforts towards sustainabledevelopment will be in vain.
By August, 74 countries, includingJapan and the EU member states –responsible for 36 per cent of green-house gas emissions – had approvedthe treaty; ratification by countriesemitting a total of 55 per cent wouldsee the treaty become internationallaw. With the US, the world’s biggestCO2 polluter, refusing to participate,WWF campaigned hardest for keycountries such as Canada and Russia tojoin. During a visit to Germany, Russ-ian President Putin was challenged byWWF activists to approve the climatetreaty. The following day, the Russian
damaged forests, wetlands, and otherhabitats increase their resilience andhelp to generate income. Without suchactions, climate change might well be the final blow to already stressedecosystems and the human populationsthat depend on them.
In addition, WWF’s Climate ChangeProgramme is pushing industrializedcountries to reduce their current levelsof CO2 emissions by ten per cent below1990 levels, by 2010. Solutions are alsobeing sought in developing countries tosignificantly reduce their greenhousegases. And WWF is pressing countriesto develop national plans to prevent climate change from damaging wildlife-rich areas such as national parks andreserves.
Around the globe, WWF is fightingclimate change – the challenge is tomake sure it happens fast enough. Thedramatic flooding in many parts of theworld in 2002 may provide the spur tofaster action.
Jennifer MorganDirector, Climate Change Programme.
FAST FACTS ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE
• Atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) – the main global warming gas – are now higherthan at any time in the past 420,000 years.
• The world is warming faster than at any time in the last 10,000 years – the 1990s were probablythe hottest decade in the past millennium.
• 2001 was the second warmest year on record,beaten only by 1998. It was also the 23rd warmestyear in a row.
• CO2 accounts for over 80 per cent of global warming pollution.
• Around 23 billion tonnes of CO2 are spewed intothe Earth’s atmosphere every year.
CLIMATE SAVERS
Smart companies are preparingthemselves for a carbon-constrainedfuture: IBM, Johnson & Johnson,Polaroid Corporation, Nike, Lafarge,and The Collins Companies are thefirst six businesses to have joinedWWF’s Climate Savers programme – a voluntary agreement to reduce CO2 emissions.
On thin ice – the world’s 22,000 polar bearsface a bleak future as global warming reduces the ice on which they hunt their prey.
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WWF’s “Go for Kyoto” campaign urged governments to ratify the climate treaty andspeed up measures to reduce CO2 emissions.
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Sustainability in practice – BedZED homes use70% less energy than conventional homes. Thesuccess of the project in the UK (right) has led to a similar scheme in South Africa (above).
Green electricity A new scheme developed by WWF andother environmental and consumerorganizations is promoting commonstandards in Europe for “green” elec-tricity – energy generated from clean,renewable sources like wind turbinesand solar power.The European GreenElectricity Network (EUGENE) aimsto bring together under one eco-labelthe various green energy schemes thatcurrently exist in Europe.
With strong promotion by WWF,Germany has become the fastest grow-ing “green energy economy” in theworld, creating almost 3 per cent of its entire electricity from wind. Thecountry’s labour-intensive renewableenergy sector employs more than60,000 people – higher than the nuclearindustry with 40,000 employees – con-tributing 35 per cent of national energyrequirements.The European Commis-sion wants to double renewable energyproduction in the EU by 2010.
In June, WWF started a campaign to promote green electricity in fivecountries – France, Germany, Italy,
Spain, and the UK – that togetheraccount for three-quarters of the EU’s power production.The campaignlaunch was accompanied by a WWFreport which showed that, by buyinggreen electricity, Europe’s businessesand public institutions could cut theirCO2 emissions by 20 million tonnes per year, equal to the annual emissionsof Denmark.
Positive labelling WWF, together with other organiza-tions, has launched a new standard forbuilding materials. Products bearingthe “Natureplus” label are guaranteedto be environmentally friendly and ofgood quality.
The building industry currently con-sumes approximately 40 per cent ofresources such as timber and mineralsand is responsible for over 30 per centof the world’s energy use. In addition,it uses millions of tonnes of chemicals.The industry is therefore a key marketfor WWF to target in order to reduceimpacts on the environment and cli-mate. Products bearing the new label
contain at least 85 per cent of renew-able materials, such as wood from well-managed forests, or minerals from virtually inexhaustible supplies; theirmanufacture does not use dangerouschemicals;and their production,process-ing, and disposal do not cause pollution.
Companies displaying the Nature-plus label come from seven Europeancountries: Germany, Austria, Switzer-land, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium,and Luxembourg. Among the firstproducts are insulating materials androof tiles. The product line will beexpanded to include linoleum andwooden flooring,paint, lacquer,mortar,and putty.
Building the futureBeddington Zero-Energy Develop-ment (BedZED) is sustainability inpractice. Situated in south London,this ground-breaking, energy-efficienteco-village includes some 80 homes and enough office and work space for200 people. The scheme, supported byWWF since the project began in May2000, was developed by the PeabodyTrust, a UK organization committed toproviding high-quality,affordable hous-ing for people on low incomes.
BedZED addresses a range of envi-ronmental, social, and economic con-cerns. For example, Forest StewardshipCouncil (FSC) certified timber andreclaimed steel were used for construc-tion and most building materials weresourced within a 60-kilometre radius of the village – supporting the local
economy and reducing pollution byminimizing freight transport.The newhomes use 70 per cent less energy thanconventional homes and the develop-ment collects rainwater, uses water-saving appliances, and recycles sewagewater and household waste.A numberof jobs have been created to maintainthe village, which also offers a range of community facilities including solar-powered cars.
The success of the project, which ispromoting 1 million sustainable homesin the UK by 2012,has led to WWF andits partners developing a twin BedZEDeco-village in Johannesburg, SouthAfrica – in what could be the beginningof a worldwide housing revolution.
For more information on these and other climate
change stories, visit the WWF International website at
www.panda.org/climate
GREEN POLICIES
A WWF-organized seminar providedinformation to the Northern Irelandgovernment on how they could saveGB£54 million by adopting greenpurchasing policies, which wouldmake a major contribution to sus-tainable development by “greening”the supply chain.
The Natureplus label guarantees that building materials such as this insulation contain at least 85% of renewable materialsand are free of dangerous chemicals.
Wave power – the European Commission wants to double renewable energy production in the EU by 2010.
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Opposite: Brown bears, NalychevoNature Park, Russian Federation.© WWF-CANON / DARREN JEW
Above: Greylag geese, IchkeulNational Park, Tunisia.© WWF-CANON / FRÉDY MERÇAY
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For many people, the world’s best-lovedanimals and the threats they face pro-vide the inspiration needed to fight fortheir conservation. WWF is using thisenergy and commitment to ensure that,by the end of the current decade, thenumbers of elephants, rhinos, tigers,pandas, great apes, sea turtles, andwhales are either stable or increasingand that their habitats are safeguarded.Successful conservation of “flagship”species like these benefits the thou-sands of lesser-known plants and ani-mals – as well as human communities –with which they coexist. At the sametime, WWF is fighting to stop the illegaltrade in some of the world’s mostendangered species, such as snowleopard, Tibetan antelope, and big-leafmahogany – one of the world’s mostvaluable and sought-after trees.
Nobody doubts the road ahead isuphill but the organization can alreadypoint to some successes. For example,populations of the two African speciesof rhinos are slowly growing. Intensiveconservation efforts have helped theblack rhino to increase from an esti-mated 2,704 in 1999 to 3,100 in 2001. Inthe same period, the number of white
In 2002, WWF renewed its efforts to counter these threats and save thecontinent’s dwindling numbers of pri-mates. Protection of the apes’ foresthome is one priority, along with win-ning community support for their conservation, strengthening the num-bers and the training of park guardsand staff, lobbying for stronger laws toprotect the species, reducing illegaltrade, and increasing public awareness– particularly among the young – of the plight in which Africa’s great apesfind themselves.
Fighting for whalesIn spite of the ban on commercial whal-ing imposed by the International Whal-ing Commission (IWC),more than 1,300whales are being killed each year, andthe number is rising.WWF is trying hardto get this either stopped or broughtunder tight control. At the 2002 IWCmeeting in the Japanese whaling port ofShimonoseki, WWF helped ensure thatthe pro-whaling nations, especiallyJapan and Norway, were outvoted in
aged to meet global market demands.WWF’s work on the Patagonian tooth-fish shows that sustainable develop-ment and species conservation can gohand in hand.
Africa’s great apesAfrica is home to four of the six speciesof great apes.All four are endangered,in particular the mountain gorilla, ofwhich about 650 individuals survive intwo groups.
These great apes face a number ofthreats. Each year, illegal hunting andtrade account for 3,000 to 6,000 apes –killed for their meat.Logging of forestsin West and Central Africa continues toreduce habitat,and roads built throughforests allow easier access for poachers.Apes are susceptible to many of thesame viruses and parasites as humansand have suffered as a result. InGombe National Park in Tanzania, forinstance, scabies, pneumonia, and gutparasites have caused an almost 40 percent decline in chimpanzees.And withincreasing human expansion, peopleand apes are coming into conflict moreregularly, with apes raiding crops andbeing killed as a result.
Campaigning at CITESPatagonian toothfish, one of the mostvaluable fish on Earth, was one of anumber of species for which WWFcampaigned for greater protectionunder the CITES Convention at theNovember 2002 meeting of membercountries.
The Patagonian toothfish fetches asmuch as US$60 per kilogram on theJapanese market and up to US$40 onthe European and US markets where it is usually sold under the name ofChilean sea bass. Currently, interna-tional regulation is inadequate to pre-vent “pirate” fishermen from catchingup to four times the legal catch of thefish and then selling it to the legal mar-ket.The toothfish is acutely vulnerablebecause it grows slowly to a length oftwo metres and does not start to breeduntil over six years old. In some areasof the Pacific the toothfish has declinedby as much as 99 per cent.
By strengthening internationalwildlife protection laws through con-ventions such as CITES, catches can beregulated and fish stocks better man-
rhinos rose from 10,405 to some 11,600.These are encouraging trends but thereis still much to be done.
To ensure a future for threatenedplants and animals, WWF works in twospheres. It engages with local commu-nities and organizations in practicalconservation, such as the creation ofprotected areas or reintroduction of rarespecies. And in the wider world, WWFworks to influence government deci-sions affecting international treatiessuch as the Convention on InternationalTrade in Endangered Species of WildFauna and Flora (CITES).
With the help of many partners andsupporters, WWF’s Species Programmeis making a difference where it counts –on the ground.
Susan LiebermanDirector, Species Programme
WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING
Huge profits – two Lear’s macawsare worth more than a Mercedes car– combined with low risks of detec-tion and lack of serious punish-ment have made illegal wildlifetrade highly attractive to organizedcriminal gangs, says a WWF and TRAFFIC* report released this year.* Trade Records Analysis on Flora and Fauna in Commerce
Susan Lieberman
Increasing public awareness may help protectAfrica’s dwindling numbers of great apes.
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WWF is fighting to stop illegal trade in theseriously endangered snow leopard.
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Patagonian toothfish – also sold as Chilean sea bass.
More than 1,300 whales are killed each yeardespite the IWC ban on commercial whaling.
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The Miombo of southern Africa
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their attempts to resume commercialwhaling. The meeting, however, wasnotable for its blatant political games.Furious at their failure to obtain a com-mercial quota of minke whales, Japanand its group of supporting countriesmanaged to deny the Alaskan Inuit andRussian Chukotkans their legitimatetraditional annual hunt of a small num-ber of bowhead whales – which theydepend upon for their subsistence.
Better news came from the SouthPacific where WWF’s successful cam-paign to encourage Pacific Islandnations to declare their Exclusive Eco-nomic Zones (EEZ) as whale sanctuar-ies gathered pace. The Cook Islands,Niue, French Polynesia, Papua NewGuinea, and Samoa, as well as Mexico,were among countries which, together,brought the total area of EEZ sanctu-aries in the Pacific close to 12 millionsquare kilometres.
PNG’s Prime Minister Sir MekereMorauta said: “Papua New Guinea’swaters cover migratory routes and maycontain important breeding groundsfor whales. Our decision will help pro-tect some of the whale species that areat risk from commercial hunting.”
Giant panda corridorsA WWF project in China is aiming tocreate new panda reserves, preventinglarge areas of continuous habitat frombeing broken up, and establishing“green” corridors linking protectedareas in the Qinling Mountains ofShaanxi Province.The Qinling Moun-tains are extremely rich in wildlife and are home to a number of endan-gered species, such as the golden mon-key, crested ibis, golden eagle, andclouded leopard – as well as being oneof the few remaining areas where wildpandas live.
“Qinling is expected to become thefirst network of protected areas thatenables the free movement of – andgenetic exchange between – differentgroups of giant pandas,” said Wu Hao-han, WWF’s Qinling Project Leader.“The experience gained in Qinling canbe used in other panda areas as well as for other animals facing the samefragmentation of their habitat.”
Porpoise in perilThe number of harbour porpoises inthe North Sea was estimated in 1994 at between 267,000 and 465,000, withfewer than 600 in the Baltic Sea.How many animals remain today isunknown but, with at least 7,000 dyingevery year in nets set on the sea-floorto catch cod, turbot, and plaice, con-cerns for the future of the mammal arerising. WWF’s plan to save the speciesincludes halting fishing in areas of high accidental “by-catch”, the use of“pingers” (boxes attached to fishingnets which emit a sound that discour-ages porpoises from entering the net),and a reduction in the use of deadly gillnets in the North Sea. A first step willbe a new survey to establish their current distribution and numbers.
Conserving ecoregions
Black rhino.
The most effective way to ensure thelong-term survival of plants and ani-mals is through conservation of entire“ecoregions” (see page 4) – exten-sive, largely unspoilt places that sup-port large numbers of species.
The Miombo savannah woodlands,which cover 350 million hectares acrossten countries of southern Africa (Angola,Botswana, Democratic Republic ofCongo, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia,South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zim-babwe) are home to some of the most
BOOST FOR TIGERS
WWF’s efforts to save the tigerreceived a boost when Thailand’sMinistry of Health banned 30 com-panies from selling 78 different tra-ditional medicines containing thebones of tigers and other endan-gered species.
Creating “green corridors” between reservesin China’s Qinling Mountains may help this18-month-old giant panda to survive.
Rescuing a stranded harbour porpoise– at least 7,000 are dying every year incommercial fishing nets.
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important mammal populations left inAfrica. Among them are black rhino,African elephant, African hunting dog, andcheetah, along with the slender-nosedcrocodile and many lesser-known reptiles,birds, insects, fish, and plants. More thanhalf of the estimated 8,500 plant speciesthere are found nowhere else on Earth.
The biggest threat to wildlife is thelarge and rapidly growing human popu-lation and its demand for agriculturalland. In addition to forest clearance forcrops, wood is taken for building andfuel, leaving increasingly large holes in
forest cover. As the soil becomes erodedand infertile, so more woods are clearedand the cycle is repeated.
WWF’s response has been to developprogrammes in which local communitiesmanage their own resources. The estab-lishment of conservancies – in which feesare levied for the use of environmentalresources – across southern Africa isyielding significant benefits for nature andfor people, with profits ploughed back intothe community through grants to localschools. For WWF, wildlife conservation isinextricably linked to human development.
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Cacti in Zimbabwe.
■ Miombo ecoregion
Cormorant fishing – a traditional activity on China’sDongting Hu Lake.
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More than ever before, the world is fac-ing a freshwater crisis. Over 1.5 billionpeople already lack safe drinking waterand, at current rates of consumption,almost half the world’s projected popu-lation will face serious water shortageswithin 25 years. On top of this, pollutionforces 3.3 billion people to use contam-inated water, causing about 250 millioncases of water-related diseases eachyear, with some 5 to 10 million deaths.
Although 70 per cent of the Earth iscovered by water, only 2.5 per cent ofthis is fresh water. And since most of itis locked away in glaciers or deepunderground, only 0.25 per cent is actu-ally readily available. Much of this avail-able fresh water is stored in wetlands.Yet half the world’s wetlands have beendestroyed in the last 100 years throughpollution or drainage for agriculture andconstruction. Few people realize thevalue of these ecosystems, which pro-vide not only water, but also food suchas fish and rice, medicinal plants, build-ing materials, and so on. And not only
Boost for China’s wetlandsPopulation growth and rapid economicdevelopment in China have resulted ina large number of wetlands in the east-ern part of the country being drainedand converted to farmland,with increas-ing pressure on remaining natural areas.
WWF was instrumental in bringingabout the launch, on 2 February –World Wetlands Day – of a huge wet-land conservation programme by theChinese government.The organizationcelebrated this move as a significantGift to the Earth (see page 5) whichwill greatly benefit the whole country.Over the next ten years, China willinvest US$1 billion to set up more than200 new wetland protected areas,securing the future of some 20 millionhectares.
into unnaturally small spaces, oftenwith sudden and catastrophic results intimes of extreme weather.
As flood-related insurance claimscontinue to rise – US$2.5 billion waspaid out worldwide in 2000 – the indus-try is beginning to refuse protection forhomes and buildings built in floodplainareas. A WWF study along the Rhineestimated that the annual cost of treat-ing drinking water and building floodprotection barriers, and other servicesthat the river’s floodplains used to pro-vide for free, is as much as US$2 billion.
WWF argues that the enormouseconomic and social cost of floodingcould be prevented by restoring flood-plains to a more natural state.
Floodwaters with nowhere to goAs floodwaters rose in Europe andother parts of the world during thesummer of 2002, bringing death and destruction to people, livestock,and homes, WWF pointed to climatechange as one of the leading causes of the increasing frequency of vio-lent weather events. However, WWFalso pointed out that poor manage-ment of freshwater ecosystems plays acrucial role.
During the last 150 years, flood-plains – low-lying areas of land adja-cent to rivers, lakes, and coasts – havebeen drained on a massive scale tomake way for agriculture and urbanand industrial development. In times offlood, rivers spread out over flood-plains,which in their natural state act asgiant sponges. Where they have beendestroyed, floodwater is channelled
goods: wetlands also protect fromflooding and act like highly efficientsewage treatment works, absorbingchemicals, filtering pollutants, and neu-tralizing harmful bacteria.
The goal of WWF’s Living WatersProgramme is to achieve the protectionand sound management of 250 millionhectares of the world’s most importantwetlands by 2010. To date, efforts by theorganization have led to the safeguard-ing of 20 million hectares. Alongsidethis, WWF is working towards restoringat least 50 large river basins – such asthe Danube in Europe, the Mekong inAsia, the Niger in Africa, and theOrinoco in South America – and cam-paigning for changes in governmentwater policies and private sector prac-tices. Work such as this is becomingincreasingly urgent to help prevent thedisastrous flooding that struck manyparts of the world this year.
Jamie PittockDirector, Living Waters Programme
RESTORING THE KAREZ
A joint UNICEF-WWF team has beenassessing water management inAfghanistan. The karez – an ancientand extensive system of under-ground irrigation tunnels – could berepaired for about US$20 millionand help solve the country’s waterneeds, as well as creating jobs andimproving the lives of millions.
Jamie Pittock
Climate change and the way in which rivers and flood-plains are managed are the main causes of the severeflooding now occurring more frequently around the world.
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Cold water released from large dams is a threat to rivers such as the Murray River,New South Wales, Australia.
The 4,180-km Niger River is at the heart of WWF’swork in the region, providing fresh water and fish for thousands of people.
Wetland flora in Extramadura National Park, Spain.
Freshwater wetlands in the Mediterranean
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Protecting the Niger River Freshwater conservation in West Africatook a leap forward in February whenthe government of Guinea designatedmore than 4.5 million hectares of wet-lands for protection under the RamsarConvention – a treaty signed by morethan 130 countries.
The newly protected wetlands – the second largest in Africa afterBotswana’s Okavango Delta – includethe source of the Niger River, whichrises on the Fouta Djallon highlands inGuinea. More than 250 species offreshwater fish live in the 4,180-kilo-metre long river;of these,20 species areendemic – found nowhere else in theworld. The move followed WWF’sforceful lobbying of governments toprotect their mountain wetlands in thecontext of the UN “International Yearof Mountains”.
The Niger is at the heart of WWF’sactivities in West Africa, which aim tostrengthen the conservation and sus-tainable management of freshwater
wetlands. Guinea’s announcement is a major step towards achieving theorganization’s objectives.
“Africa is making great strides in theprotection of its freshwater sources andWWF is part of the solution, workingwith committed partners on a fresh-water crisis that touches not just Africa,but the whole world,” said SarahHumphrey, WWF’s Freshwater Officerfor Africa and Madagascar.
Cold water pollutionCold water released from large dams isposing a major threat to Australia’srivers, according to research under-taken in the Murray Darling Basin byWWF and Australia’s Inland RiversNetwork. The two organizations areurging the federal and state govern-
ments to take immediate action to control the problem.
Cold water pollution occurs whenwater is released from valves at the bot-tom of dams to meet downstream agri-cultural, industrial, and domestic use.Studies have shown that thermal pollu-tion can occur for up to 300 kilometresdownstream from dams, with tempera-tures frequently well below natural lev-els. In spring and summer,water storedin deep dams forms layers, with a sur-face layer warmed by the sun overlyinga cold bottom layer. When water isreleased from the dam,a slug of unnat-urally cold water is released.The result-ing cold water pollution can kill fisheggs and larvae and cause localizedextinction of some species. Recre-ational fishing is an important tourismasset for many small riverside townsand the loss of fish through cold waterpollution can severely affect ruraleconomies. Over 2,500 kilometres ofmajor rivers in New South Wales areestimated to be seriously affected.
The pressures on fresh water in theMediterranean are many and varied,not least from agriculture, tourism, andconstruction. Severe drought in theregion as the climate changes haveadded to these pressures. To meet the growing demand for fresh water,countries such as Spain, Greece, and Turkey are developing plans totransfer water between river basins.Already, the diversion of water fromthe Segura River in Spain to irrigatefields and vast acreages of green-houses has severely reduced the flowof the river and increased pollution.This not only demonstrates the inad-equacy of planning procedures butalso jeopardizes local economies andlivelihoods, as well as wildlife.
The Spanish National HydrologicalPlan (SNHP) involves the building of 120 dams and a further 261 secondarystructures to enable large-scale transfersof water from the north of the country –mainly from the delta of the Ebro River –to the south. Just over half of the water isearmarked for intensive agriculture, andthe remainder for tourism development.The total estimated cost is in excess of€22 million, of which the Spanish gov-ernment is seeking almost €8 millionfrom the EU. Such developments aretotally at odds with EU attempts toreduce agricultural subsidies and to bringfood prices closer to world market levels.
Transfering this amount of water willreduce the quality of drinking water forone million people in the Valencia regionand threaten the local fishing industry atthe mouth of the Ebro, especially the portof Tarragona, as a result of reduced water
flow and increased sedimentation. TheEbro Delta, a designated Ramsar site, isone of the most important areas for breed-ing birds in the Mediterranean and thethird most important wetland in Spain.
Branding the SNHP a “yesterday’splan” that runs contrary to sustainabledevelopment, WWF is actively opposingthe proposals, both nationally and acrossthe EU. WWF is also campaigning for theenormous budget to be reallocated foruse in social, economic, and environ-mental improvements that are morelikely to deliver long-term solutions, inline with EU priorities.
Conserving ecoregionsHISTORIC WETLANDS DEAL
WWF was instrumental in brokeringthe Tri-national Wetlands agreementbetween Australia, Indonesia, andPapua New Guinea to protect some3 million hectares of the countries’tropical freshwater wetlands.
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MEDITERRANEAN SEAMIDDLE EAST
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The oceans are the natural environmentfor millions of species in an intricateweave of a complexity we may only justhave begun to grasp. But human activ-ities, such as overfishing, insensitivecoastal development, pollution, and climate change are threatening thehealth of the seas and the long-term survival of coastal communities acrossthe entire globe.
Take Kiunga Marine NationalReserve in Kenya, for example. Despiteits protected status, Kiunga is sufferingfrom overfishing and the illegal captureof turtles, dugongs, and dolphins, aswell as coastal erosion and damage toits mangrove forests and coral reefs.These natural resources are vital to the local communities as well as to thenational economy in terms of employ-
volcanic activity. The scalding watermixes with the cold water of the oceanfloor to create a plume of fluids andminerals which settle on the sea-floor.The life which forms in this hostileenvironment, minute bacterial organ-isms on which larger species such asblind shrimps feed, is unique and frag-ile. Hydrothermal vents, which play animportant role in regulating the tem-perature and chemical balance of theoceans, were first discovered by scien-tists in 1988.
The legal protection afforded thearea surrounding the Azorean vents,following intense lobbying by WWF,is the first in a proposed network ofdeep-sea marine protected areas in the north-east Atlantic. It also sets animportant precedent for the future pro-tection of ocean sites lying outsidenational jurisdiction.
WWF believes that redirecting theyearly €1.4 billion in subsidies – cur-rently paid out from public funds tomaintain an oversized EU fishing fleet– would give the industry a long-termfuture by conserving fish stocks at levels which can be sustainably fished,as well as allowing smaller-scale fisher-men fairer access. Funds should also go towards new techniques to increasefish stocks and protect juvenile fish, toimprove the safety of fishermen,and tohelp coastal communities.
Life at the bottom of the oceanIn June, the regional government of the Azores, a group of volcanic islandssituated in the mid-Atlantic, formallyprotected two deep-sea hydrothermalvents.
Chimney-like structures on theseabed, the two vents, lying at depths of850 and 1,700 metres, eject seawatersuperheated to 350˚C by underground
Stop overfishing!Too many boats are chasing too fewfish and, in the process, are wiping outfish stocks,bulldozing ocean floors,andkilling thousands of other marine ani-mals – and your taxes are paying for it!This was the message that launchedWWF’s multi-pronged attack on theEuropean Union’s Common FisheriesPolicy (CFP) when it came up forreview this year.
“The truth is that fish stocks areseverely depleted and cannot sustainEurope’s fishing fleet at its currentsize,” said WWF European FisheriesCampaign Director, Karl Wagner.“Tough decisions have got to be made.Ten years ago, in Canada, politiciansignored scientific advice until their codfishery collapsed.Thirty thousand jobswere lost practically overnight and thefishery has still not recovered. We areheading for exactly the same catastro-phe in Europe unless radical action istaken now.”
ment, food, and tourism. WWF and itspartners in the region are looking forways of using the resources sustainably– to sustain human life without deplet-ing the resource base – and safeguard-ing the area’s exceptional marine life forfuture generations.
WWF’s Endangered Seas Pro-gramme aims to stop overfishing andestablish networks of well-managedmarine protected areas to cover at least10 per cent of the world’s oceans. Byencouraging businesses and industryto adopt practices which are both profitable and good for the marine envi-ronment, by changing legislation andshowing leadership, and by applyingpressure when appropriate, WWF ishelping to restore the balance in the useof oceans and coasts.
Simon CrippsDirector, Endangered Seas Programme
ANTARCTIC PROTECTION
The October declaration by the Australian government of a 6.5 mil-lion-hectare protected area in Antarctic waters – Heard Island andMcDonald Islands Marine Reserve –is the culmination of two years ofnegotiations involving WWF andother stakeholders and will helpprotect such rare species as thewandering albatross.
Life on the deep-sea floor – crab and mussels at the newly protectedMenez Gwen hydrothermal vent off the Azores.
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Making the headlines: a WWF demonstrationat an EU Fisheries Ministers meeting in Luxembourg – part of an innovative campaign which included a digital petitionand interactive website.
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Wild salmon are exposed to many threats from the expanding aquaculture industry.
Loggerhead turtle in Bazaruto National Park,Mozambique.
The seas of eastern Africa
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Community response to oil spillsBatangas Bay, in the Philippines, is amajor source of food and income formany fishermen and, with one of thelargest coral reefs in the country, is aprime ecotourism site. It is also, how-ever, the site of two major oil refineries,which pose an ever present threat tothe waters and environment in andaround the bay.
The refineries in Batangas Bay pro-duce 135,000 barrels of crude oil twice amonth. Should a spill occur in thesewaters, the consequences would benothing less than disastrous. To date,responses to oil spills have been limitedto the Philippine Coast Guard andteams from two oil companies operat-ing in the bay.Based on the assumptionthat no one agency, company, or gov-ernment unit would be able to copewith a spill, WWF has helped form andtrain response teams of local people – a first for the Philippines. Participantsare shown dispersion and recoverytechniques, using native materials suchas coconut husks and dried rice stalksas well as ordinary fishing nets to han-dle the oil.
Greening fish farmsThe number of fish farms is rapidlyincreasing in many parts of the world,bringing a host of negative impactsalong with the potential benefits offood production and employment.Discharges of nutrients and pesticides,the escape of non-native species, thespread of diseases, and damage to nat-ural habitats such as mangroves, are allgrave threats to marine waters andnative wild fish.
In 2001, a WWF report showed thatwild Atlantic salmon have disappearedfrom 309 rivers in Europe and NorthAmerica and that 90 per cent of theremaining populations are found inonly four countries – Norway, Iceland,Scotland, and Ireland. Farmed salmonin the North Atlantic amounts to
600,000 tonnes annually – 300 timesgreater than the annual catch of wildsalmon.This means that for every wildsalmon caught, one tonne of farmedsalmon is produced.
In 2002, WWF presented “Businessstrategies for a sustainable aquacultureindustry” to the bi-annual conferenceof the salmon farming industry. Thepaper details the problems associatedwith fish-farming and suggests manypossible solutions, such as eco-labelling, not farming in sensitive andprotected areas, buying fish feed fromsustainable sources, better security toavoid farmed fish escaping and breed-ing with wild ones, and greater socialresponsibility towards local communi-ties and employees.Aquaculture has apoor record, but there is a willingnessin several parts of the industry tochange for the good.
From the coastal waters of Sodwanain South Africa to Chisamayu, some4,600 kilometres to the north in Soma-lia, the eastern African seas are hometo a wealth of tropical wildlife and mil-lions of coastal people. Yet all is farfrom well along these golden coasts,particularly in and around majortowns and river mouths. Here, pollu-tion, the over-harvesting of fish, mol-luscs, crustaceans and sea cucum-bers, and the destruction of coastalforests and coral reefs – partly as aresult of climate change – are all taking a toll. Turtles and dolphins aredeclining as a result of both deliber-ate and accidental capture, as is therare dugong which lives its entire lifein coastal waters.
WWF has been working with part-ners, such as the Western Indian OceanMarine Science Association, as well aslocal communities, such as bee-keepingand tree-planting groups, on a conserva-tion plan for this vast ecoregion. It aims,among other things, to stop the damagebeing done to coral reefs and the speciesthat live in them, and to protect at least100,000 hectares of mangrove forestsand their wildlife.
Already, two outstanding areas inMozambique have been protected. The 140,000-hectare Bazaruto Archi-pelago National Park, in which WWF hasbeen working for the past 15 years, pro-vides much needed protection for the
highly endangered dugong, while thenewly created Quirimbas National Park –150,000 hectares of which form a marineprotected area – safeguards both thearea’s fish stocks and the rights of localfishing communities that depend onthem. These efforts were recognized byWWF as Gifts to the Earth (see page 5).
Conserving ecoregionsNORTH SEA WASTAGE
WWF accosted environment minis-ters in Norway to protest about the half-a-million tonnes of marineanimals that are thrown back deador dying into the North Sea everyyear because they are either tooyoung, the wrong species, or over-quota. These include morethan 7,000 harbour porpoises (seepage 15).
To counter potential oil spills in Batangas Bay, Philippines, WWF hashelped to train response teams of local people, including fishermen.
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Forest protection has always been a pri-ority for WWF, but it also recognizes thatup to 90 per cent of the world’s 1.2 bil-lion people living in extreme povertydepend on forests for their livelihood. Inaddition, trade in wood and wood prod-ucts is an important source of incomefor many countries. Forests are thusused on the one hand to satisfy theneeds of local communities and on theother hand to supply international mar-kets. WWF’s role is to identify and pro-mote ways in which these demands can be met sustainably through goodforest management and responsibleconsumption. In some parts of the worldforests have been severely damagedand require restoration before they areonce again able to provide a full range ofbenefits for people and nature.
users – such as International Paper,Weyerhauser,Home Depot,and IKEA– and environmental groups to pro-mote responsible trade in forest prod-ucts and certification.
Timber products from certifiedforests are now available to consumersaround the world. A line of WWF-branded furniture has been producedby Orro & Christensen, a Braziliancompany with FSC “chain of custody”– from forest floor to finished product– certification for all its goods. In theNetherlands, FSC products are avail-able in some 1,500 stores. WWF ForestOfficer Arnold van Kreveld com-mented:“If the demand for FSC timbercontinues to grow, businesses willinvest more in order to increase thesupply, saving more forests around theglobe. The fate of the forests now lies in the hands of the consumer. Peoplecan make a real difference with theirchoices.”
Managing forestsAlthough the amount of forest underprotection is growing worldwide,WWFis concerned that too many protectedareas are poorly managed, if at all.Cer-tification, by which forests meet thehighest economic, environmental, andsocial standards, provides a marketincentive for better forest manage-ment. Over the last year, the area offorests certified under the Forest Stew-ardship Council (FSC), which WWFhelped to set up in 1993, increased by 4million hectares to a total of 28 millionhectares.
Every year, the forest industry harvests 1.6 billion cubic metres ofwood to meet the growing demand fortimber products and paper. But recentresearch undertaken by WWF and theWorld Bank indicated that globaldemand for wood could be met from aslittle as 600 million hectares of forest –one-fifth of the world’s forests.
In April, the Forest LeadershipForum, a WWF-organized event inAtlanta,USA,brought together for thefirst time the world’s biggest timber
Protecting the AmazonIn August, the creation of Tumu-cumaque National Park in the Amazon– the world’s largest tropical forest pro-tected area – came about as a directresult of WWF’s work.
Located in the Brazilian state ofAmapá, and bordering French Guianaand Suriname, the new park coversmore than 3.8 million hectares – almostthe size of Switzerland – and protects asignificant part of the Amazon forest.The borders of the park were definedby WWF and the Brazilian environ-mental agency Ibama, in agreementwith the Brazilian Ministry of the Envi-ronment. Its creation is a significantstep towards fulfilling the pledge madeby President Cardoso in 1998 to fullyprotect 41 million hectares – 10 percent – of the Brazilian Amazon. This is the minimum needed, according to scientists, to secure a future for theregion’s biodiversity.
To achieve its broad aims – andcounter the 14 million hectares of forestthat the world loses each year – WWFhas established three targets: ● to protect all types of forest by settingup and maintaining networks of pro-tected areas – for example, the devel-opment of Sangha National Park, which covers some 2 million hectares offorests across the borders of Came-roon, the Republic of Congo, and theCentral African Republic● to make sure that the highest interna-tional standards of forest managementare applied to at least 100 millionhectares out of the world total of 3.9 bil-lion hectares, and● to establish 20 landscape restorationprogrammes in the world’s most dam-aged forested regions.
Chris ElliottDirector, Forests for Life Programme
RECORD NUMBER OF SPECIES
A WWF survey found that the low-land tropical forest of Tesso Nilo, on the island of Sumatra, holds the widest variety of plant speciesknown to science – much more thanin similar forests in countries such asBrazil, Cameroon, New Guinea, andPeru. But Tesso Nilo is being loggedat an unsustainable rate.
Chris Elliott
The world’s largest tropical forest protected area – Tumucumaque NationalPark in the Brazilian Amazon – is home to wildlife such as this nymph (top) and jaguar (bottom).
Checking certified timber logged in Indonesia’s Kayan Mentarang National Park.
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Certified timber products, suchas this guitar, are now available to consumers around the world.
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WWF launched Ecowood@sia topromote sustainable forest man-agement in some of the heaviesttimber importer and consumercountries in the world, such asHong Kong, China, Taiwan, andSouth Korea. The launch of this net-work signals the beginning of asustainable future for timber tradein Asia.
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Amazonian forests
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RestorationDeveloped by WWF and IUCN*, forestlandscape restoration, which aims torestore once-forested land to a morenatural state, is fast becoming a keyelement of forest conservation. Re-storation projects are now being set up in different parts of the world,including East Africa, Southeast Asia,Eastern Europe, and the South Pacific.
Close to the Kinabatangan WildlifeSanctuary in Malaysia, for example,WWF is working with local palm oilcompanies and communities to restoreforest cover on either side of the Kin-abatangan River.This will create a cor-ridor for endangered animals such asAsian elephants and rhinos, improvewater quality, support an ecotourismindustry, and protect palm oil planta-tions from seasonal flooding.
Palm oil is used in a wide range ofconsumer products, such as margarine,lipstick, and detergent. Globally, over10 million hectares of land are nowunder plantation. The problem is thatin major producing countries like
Malaysia, tropical forests are beingreplaced with palm oil plantations.WWF is working with the industry toreduce its impact, as well as encourag-ing buyers to purchase palm oil fromplantations that have not been estab-lished at the expense of tropical forests.In January, Switzerland’s largest retailchain, Migros, in collaboration withWWF, became the first Europeanretailer to make this commitment.* IUCN–The World Conservation Union
Fighting forest crimeThe trade in illegal timber is a multi-million dollar industry taking place in over 70 countries. A new report byWWF, published in February, showsthat at least 20 per cent of timber inRussia is logged illegally. The reportblames corruption by local officials aswell as lack of funds to enforce controlson shipments. “Illegal logging in theRussian Far East is highly profitable forboth smugglers and the local mafia,”said Anatoly Kotlobay, WWF ProjectManager. The trade is worth aboutUS$150 million on the Russian market
and twice as much on the internationalmarket.
Unlicensed timber extraction is particularly hard on the very poor, assources of local income and employ-ment dry up, along with medicines and firewood. It is also responsible for the loss of vital habitat for wildlife such as the endangered Amur leopard and Siberian tiger, of which fewer than500 remain.
In May, representatives from G8governments and key timber-pro-ducing countries met in London for abriefing organized by WWF on illegal logging and forest crime. WWF asksthem to urgently put in place nationalpurchasing policies which ensure thattimber and forest products are acquiredfrom legal and sustainably managedforests.
Much of WWF’s conservation work
on forests is taking place in “ecore-
gions” (see page 4). One of these
lies in the Amazon jungles of South
America, home to over half of the
world’s remaining tropical rainforest.
At the heart of this still vast region lie
almost 200 million hectares of largely
intact forests covering part of the
western Brazilian states of Ama-
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Peru and north-western Bolivia.
Among their abundant riches is an
incredible array of trees, including
the valuable big-leaf mahogany, as
well as some of the continent’s most
spectacular wildlife, including jaguar,
harpy eagle, and giant river otter.
Although 92 per cent of the originalforested area remains today, the regionfaces numerous threats, such as roadconstruction, illegal logging, gold mining,human settlement and agriculturalexpansion, and oil and gas exploration.Human populations remain relativelylow, traditionally consisting mainly ofindigenous tribespeople, river dwellers,Brazil nut gatherers, and rubber tappers.However, migrants from overpopulatedand deforested regions of Bolivia, Brazil,and Peru are moving into the region,converting forest into farm and pastureand threatening the traditional way of life.
The remoteness of most of the foresthas insulated it from the worst devel-opment pressures so far, presenting a
great opportunity for conservation. Thisopportunity, however, is fleeting and istempered by rapidly increasing develop-ment plans in all three countries. WWF’sefforts in the ecoregion are currentlyfocusing on the creation of new protectedareas and the effective management ofexisting ones.
Conserving ecoregions
Plantation forestry takes a severe toll on natural forests,particularly in Southeast Asia, where WWF is workingwith the palm oil industry to improve standards.
WWF is pressing G8 countries to import wood from legal andsustainable sources, helping to eradicate illegal logging campssuch as this one in Indonesia.
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Proposed reforms in the EU would require chemicalmanufacturers to provide information on toxic substances as a precondition of sale.
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Contamination from toxic chemicals hasbecome all-pervasive. Wherever scien-tists look – the tropics, the oceans,industrial areas, the Arctic – they findtraces of chemicals and pesticides whichalter sexual, neurological, and behav-ioural development and affect repro-duction and immune systems. And everycommunity – human, plant, and animal –is exposed to them, whether from indus-trial and urban pollution, agricultural pesticides, or contaminated water orfood supplies.
Around the world, WWF is workingwith governments, local organizations,and the private sector to reduce or
Pesticides disposal in AfricaAcross the African continent, at least50,000 tonnes of obsolete and extremelytoxic pesticides have accumulated overthe last 40 years. Many of these chemi-cals and their containers are in poorcondition, threatening the environmentand the health of surrounding commu-nities – often the poorest and most vul-nerable – through the contamination offood, water, soil, and air.
Lack of regulation, insufficientinformation, untimely distribution,inadequate storage, and supply ofunsuitable products are just some ofthe key factors that contribute towardsthese stockpiles.And although certainproblems are being addressed, manydeveloping countries do not possessthe financial and technical means tosafely dispose of obsolete pesticides.
The concept of a continent-wideclean-up programme grew out of infor-mal discussions between WWF andseveral intergovernmental organiza-
Policy overhaul in the EUAround the world, the system for regu-lating chemicals is extremely weak. Itsystematically fails to protect humans,wildlife, and ecosystems from thethreats posed. Under most nationallaws, chemicals are assumed innocentuntil proven guilty, placing the burdenof proof on governments and civil society, rather than on the companiesthat create, manufacture, and marketuntested products.
However, in the EU, a major over-haul of chemicals policy is being under-taken. The proposed reforms wouldreverse the presumption of innocenceand require adequate health and envi-ronmental data as a precondition forselling chemicals in the world’s largesttrading block. It would also usher in a system to phase out the most danger-ous chemicals in favour of safer alter-natives. WWF has played a major rolein ensuring that this opportunity is realized and is continuing to promote a progressive, precautionary, and science-based chemicals policy.
eliminate at least 30 of the world’s most dangerous chemicals and pesticides by 2007, targeting in particular toxic substances which have a long life-spanand synthetic chemicals that disrupthormones in humans and wildlife (seePOPs and EDCs, opposite).
By promoting environmentallyacceptable, effective, and affordablealternatives to toxic chemicals, WWF isworking to make farming practices moresustainable and less destructive of thesoil, to reduce the levels of toxics enter-ing natural environments such as fresh-water wetlands, and to improve humanhealth and livelihoods.
Clifton CurtisDirector, Toxics Programme
WHAT ARE POPS AND EDCS?Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) areextremely toxic industrial chemicals andpesticides that persist in the environ-ment and accumulate in the body fat ofhumans and wildlife. They include indus-trial chemicals like polychlorinatedbiphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides like
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT),and are products and by-products fromindustrial processes, chemical manu-facturing, and resulting wastes. They arefound almost everywhere – in food, soil,air, and water – and can travel great dis-tances on wind and water currents.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs) are synthetic substances thatblock, mimic, or otherwise interfere withnaturally produced hormones – thebody’s chemical messengers that con-trol how an organism develops andfunctions. There is strong evidence thatadverse trends in human health arelinked to these chemicals, which arefound in common household goods likeelectrical appliances, plastic bottles,food cans, disposable nappies, andgarden hoses.
ORGANIC COCOA EXPORTS
Thanks to WWF and local NGOs, the first organic cocoa grown amidnative trees and without agro chem-icals was exported to Switzerlandby former landless workers fromSouthern Bahia, in Brazil.
Clifton Curtis
Almost every human, plant, and animal isexposed to chemicals, whether from industrialand urban pollution, pesticides, or contami-nated water or food.
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Making the seas safer – the world’s shipping nationshave called for a ban on the lethal chemicals usedin anti-fouling paints.
Russia commits to phase-outHard work by WWF and other organi-zations in Russia led, in May,to the sign-ing by the Russian government of theStockholm Convention, a landmarktreaty which aims to phase out some ofthe most dangerous chemicals on Earth.While Russia still needs to ratify theconvention, their decision to sign was a
major step toward addressing serioustoxic pollution in the country.
As a heavily industrialized countryand a major producer of organic chem-icals, Russia faces a variety of threatsfrom toxic contamination. Huge vol-umes of DDT and other, now banned,chemicals were widely used for agricul-tural production from the 1960s to the1980s and there are approximately20,000 tonnes of discarded pesticidestockpiles. In addition, toxic PCBs areleaking from thousands of outdatedelectrical goods dumped or beingdestroyed without proper environmen-tal controls.
The Stockholm Convention notonly provides international assistancefor dealing with contamination issues,but also helps countries move to envi-ronmentally safe alternatives.
Ships for the futureSince the mid-1960s, organotin com-pounds such as tributyltin (TBT) havebeen used in “anti-fouling” paints torepel barnacles and algae from ships’hulls. In the 1970s, evidence of theirtoxicity and subsequent effects onmarine life began to mount. Finally, inOctober 2001, the world’s shippingnations, through the International Mar-itime Organization (IMO), called for aban on these lethal chemicals.
The IMO decision sent a clear mes-sage that these chemicals are no longeracceptable and will force the paintindustry to stop producing, marketing,and selling organotin paints. Theworld’s largest supplier of paints for theshipping industry, International Coat-ings Ltd, reacted almost immediatelyby announcing it would phase out theirrange of TBT paints by the end of 2002.
At the same time,WWF launched its“2003 Group”, a voluntary group ofconcerned ship owners committed to
tions. The Africa Stockpiles Pro-gramme (ASP) aims to clean up andsafely dispose of obsolete pesticidestocks within ten to fifteen years andhelp prevent future accumulation.
Until now, less than 3,000 tonnes ofold pesticides have been destroyedover a ten-year period, largely owing tolack of funds. With up to one third ofthe needed US$250 million providedby the Global Environment Facility,WWF and its partners – the AfricanDevelopment Bank, the PesticideAction Network, the World Bank, andthe United Nations Food and Agri-culture Organisation among others –will start removing and destroying thepesticides. This huge undertaking willalso help in the development of newdisposal techniques.
A website – www.africastockpiles.org– provides more detail on the pro-gramme.
KILLER ALGAE
In February, thousands of fish andother marine life were found dying in the sea off the Kenyan coast. WWF researchers quickly identifiedthe massive red tide as an unusualoccurrence of the toxic algae Kareniamikimotoi but were able to reassurelocal inhabitants that they them-selves were not at risk.
Leaking death – the Africa Stockpiles Programmeaims to rid the continent of toxic waste, such as thesebarrels dumped in the desert in Niger.
Russia is taking major steps towards addressing serious toxic pollution in the country.
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making their fleets free of TBT-basedpaints by 31 December 2002. Its found-ing members are Hamburg Süd andHapag Lloyd Cruises from Germany,and the Nordic Wallenius Lines andWallenius-Wilhelmsen Lines.
“This group obliterates the myththat phasing out TBT is impossiblebecause there are no efficient alterna-tives,” said Dr Simon Walmsley, WWFMarine Pollution Officer.“These com-panies are maintaining their position ina competitive market despite goingorganotin-free.Their commitment,andthat of International Coatings Ltd, willhelp eliminate a large amount of thecontaminants going into the marineenvironment.”
For more information on these and other toxic chemicals
activities, visit the WWF International website at
www.panda.org/toxics
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In July, WWF
published its Living Planet Report*,
a periodic update on the state of the world’s
forests, freshwater wetlands, and seas – and the
human pressures on them. The report shows that over
20 per cent more natural resources are being used each year
than the Earth can regenerate. Based on likely scenarios of
population growth, economic development and technological
change, and current trends, the report projects that, by 2050, human
beings will consume twice as many resources than the planet can
replace every year.
Unless action is taken urgently by governments and with full backing
from business and industry, WWF believes that, within 30 years, human
welfare – as measured by average life expectancy, educational levels, and
world economic product – could go into decline.
“We do not know exactly what the result will be of running this mas-
sive overdraft with the Earth. What is clear though is that it would be
better to control our own des-
tiny, rather than leave it up to
chance,” said Jonathan Loh,
author of the report.
Dr Claude Martin, Director
General of WWF International,
said: “The fact that we live on a
bountiful planet, but not a limitless
one, presents world leaders with a clear
challenge. Ensuring access to basic resources
and improving the health and livelihoods of the world’s
poorest people cannot be tackled separately from caring
for the planet.”
WWF believes that some fundamental changes must be made
to bring our ecological overdraft back into balance: ● improve the way in which we use natural resources to generate
economic wealth● consume resources more efficiently while also redressing the disparity
between high- and low-income countries, and ● protect, manage, and restore forests, wetlands, and marine environ-
ments better than we have succeeded in doing so far.
Climate change and air pollution are thought to be responsiblefor the dramatic decline – and in some cases extinction – of amphibians, such as this common tree frog in the WesternAndes Mountains of Ecuador.
WWF’s Living Planet Index shows that the world is losing its biodiversity at a rate comparable with the great mass extinctions of the past.
Forest speciesPopulation index, 1970 – 2000
Freshwater speciesPopulation index, 1970 – 2000
Marine speciesPopulation index, 1970 – 2000
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Opposite: Dragsfard,Baltic Sea, Finland.© WWF-CANON / MAURI RAUTKARI
* The Living Planet Report 2002 can be accessed atwww. panda.org/livingplanet/lpr02
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WWF International
Avenue du Mont-Blanc1196 GlandSwitzerland
Tel.: +41 22 364 9111Fax: +41 22 364 5358
WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation organiza-tions, with almost 5 million supporters and a global network active in more than 90 countries.
WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by:– conserving the world’s biological diversity– ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable– promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption.
WWF in perspective Financials and global network
WWF International – Income and Expenditure 2001 and 2002
PAGE 2
WWF International – Balance Sheet 2001 and 2002
PAGE 4
WWF Network – Income and Expenditure 2001 and 2002
PAGE 6
WWF International – Board and DirectorsPAGE 10
The WWF NetworkPAGE 12
Financial Year* 2 0 0 1** 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 2
O P E R A T I N G I N C O M E (CHF’000) (CHF’000) (US$’000***)
WWF National Organizations (1) 70,304 67,097 40,846
Individuals (1) 1,333 2,198 1,262
Legacies and Bequests 1,528 201 122
Corporations (1) 3,320 3,031 1,845
Trusts and Foundations (1) 4,705 6,258 3,810
Governments and Aid Agencies 18,759 18,714 11,392
Royalties (1) 457 523 318
Financial Income (Net) (2) 3,719 4,643 2,827
Other 631 872 607
Total 104,756 103,537 63,029
O P E R A T I N G E X P E N D I T U R E
Conservation Programmes 84,464 84,643 51,526
Conservation Policy, Education, and Awareness (3) 14,342 10,580 6,441
Network and Learning Services (4) 4,096 3,734 2,273
Fundraising 2,829 2,847 1,733
Finance and Administration 1,185 1,284 782
Fixed Assets Expenditure 704 795 484
Total 107,620 103,883 63,239
Operating surplus/(deficit) (2,864) (346) (210)
Non-operating items (5) (4,261) (10,287) (6,262)
Surplus/(deficit) after non-operating items (7,125) (10,633) (6,472)
WWF International – Income and Expenditure2001 and 2002
2
*Financial years cover the period 1 July to 30 June**Re-expressed
***Average US$ exchange rate for the year: 1,6427
Notes to the accounts
1. Joint FundraisingFundraising income (donations, royalties, etc.) which is raised jointly with a National Organization is recorded as income fromNational Organizations.
2. Financial Income (Net)Based on 6 per cent of investable funds. See also note 5 to the Balance Sheet.
3. Conservation Policy, Education, and AwarenessIn FY 2002, WWF International spent CHF10,580,000 on:
(CHF’000)
Conservation Policy 4,132
Education 721
Awareness 5,727
4. Network and Learning ServicesWWF International expenditure in support of the activities of National Organizations. Includes legal and trademark costs.
5. Non-operating ItemsNon-operating items were: 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2
(CHF’000) (CHF’000)
Unrestricted investment reserve (5,221) (10,859)
Donations to endowment funds 960 572
Total (4,261) (10,287)
3
4
Financial Year* 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 2
A S S E T S (CHF’000) (CHF’000) (US$’000**)
Current Assets
– Cash 12,194 18,986 12,808
– Short-term bank deposits 13,444 13,092 8,832
– Marketable securities (1) 36,532 16,362 11,038
– Recoverable taxes and other items 3,549 4,676 3,155
Long-term Receivables (2) 170 90 61
Fixed Assets (3) 4,994 4,994 3,369
Total 70,883 58,200 39,263
L I A B I L I T I E S A N D F U N D S
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses 10,737 10,162 6,855
Operating Funds (4) 20,430 21,509 14,511
Investment Reserve (5) 2,468 9 6
Capital and Endowment (6) 37,248 26,520 17,891
Total 70,883 58,200 39,263
WWF International – Balance Sheet2001 and 2002
*Financial years cover the period 1 July to 30 June** Exchange rate CHF 1,4823 = US$ 1, as at 30 June 2002
5
Notes to the accounts
1. Marketable SecuritiesAs would be expected, the recent general downward trend of worldfinancial markets has negatively impacted the value of WWF Interna-tional’s investments in marketable securities. In line with its long-termstrategy, WWF International will continue to invest in marketable secu-rities, which are expected to contribute towards the funding of operat-ing costs. As part of the precautionary measures taken to address thecurrent negative market situation, WWF International’s InvestmentCommittee decided to invest a larger portion of the assets in cash andbank deposits. At the end of the financial year, cash and short-termbank deposits comprised 66% of total cash, bank deposits, and marketable securities, compared to 41% a year ago.
2. Long-term ReceivablesThis represents a loan to WWF-Norway.
3. Fixed AssetsAll fixed asset costs regarding the renovation of the secretariat building have been capitalized. All other fixed asset costs are charged to expenditure at the time of purchase.
4. Operating FundsOperating funds are those funds available for expenditure on conservation awareness, education, public policy, National Organization support, direct fundraising, administration and finance, and fixed asset expenditure.
5. Investment ReserveBased on 6 per cent of investable funds. The difference when compared to actual dividends, bank interest, exchange differences,and gains/losses on marketable securities is taken to the investment reserve.
6. Capital and EndowmentIncludes The 1001: ANature Trust, a trust fund built up through individualmembership contributions; the Sigvaldason Fund, a legacy from the lateMrs Gerda Sigvaldason; the Endowment Fund built up primarily fromthe proceeds of the WWF 25th Anniversary Coin Collection programme;the Prince Bernhard Scholarship Fund, the income from which pays for the training and tertiary education of conservationists; and statutorycapital of CHF 20,000, representing the initial capital of WWF.
Audited financial statements are available on request.
6
Financial Year** 2 0 0 1*** 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 2
O P E R A T I N G I N C O M E (CHF’000) (CHF’000) (US$’000†)
Individuals (1) 275,772 256,515 156,154
Legacies and Bequests 68,139 70,811 43,107
Corporations (2) 20,284 29,246 17,804
Trusts and Foundations 32,270 32,675 19,891
Governments and Aid Agencies 126,513 117,801 71,712
Royalties (3) 29,323 24,577 14,961
Financial Income (Net) (4) 7,803 4,153 2,528
Other 8,138 9,352 5,693
Total 568,242 545,130 331,850
O P E R A T I N G E X P E N D I T U R E
National Conservation
– Conservation (5) 90,096 87,953 53,542
– Conservation Policy, Education, and Awareness (6) 104,657 89,651 54,576
International Conservation
– Conservation (7) 237,053 238,740 145,334
– Conservation Policy, Education, and Awareness (8) 23,771 10,751 6,545
Fundraising 88,595 85,299 51,926
Finance and Administration 43,967 49,901 30,377
Total 588,139 562,295 342,300
Surplus/(deficit) (19,897) (17,165) (10,450)
WWF Network – Income and Expenditure*2001 and 2002
*The figures given show total WWF Network income and expenditure but do not represent consolidated accounts. The network includes the WWF International Secretariat and its Programme Offices, and all the WWF National Organizations and their Programme Offices
**Financial years cover the period 1 July to 30 June for WWF International and all National Organizations except: WWF-India, WWF-Japan,WWF-South Africa (1 April to 31 March); WWF-Germany, WWF-Italy, WWF-Norway, WWF-Philippines, WWF-Spain, and WWF-Turkey (1 January to 31 December, preceding year)
***Updated†Average exchange rate for the year: CHF 1,6427 = US$ 1
7
Notes
1. IndividualsMonies received from WWF individual supporters, including regular dues and fundraising activities.
2. CorporationsDonations from corporations, excluding royalties, licensing, and sponsorship fees.
3. RoyaltiesMonies received from royalties, licensing, sponsorship fees and from the sale of WWF products via WWF catalogues and retail outlets.
4. Financial Income (Net)The net results of dividends, bank interest, exchange differences, gains/losses on marketable securities, bank charges, etc.
5. National ConservationCosts of conservation activities by WWF National Organizations within their own territory.
6. Conservation Policy, Education, and AwarenessIn FY 2002, the National Organizations spent CHF 89,651,000 on:
(CHF’000)
Conservation Policy 16,435
Education 34,654
Awareness 38,562
7. International ConservationCosts of the WWF International Conservation Programme.
8. Conservation Policy, Education, and AwarenessIn FY 2002, WWF International spent CHF 10,751,000 (including shareof fixed asset expenditure) on:
(CHF’000)
Conservation Policy 4,142
Education 721
Awareness 5,888
other 2%
financial income 1%
royalties 4%
governments and aid agencies 22%
legacies 13%
corporations 5%
trusts and foundations 6%
individuals 47%
WWF Network – Income and Expenditure 2002
IncomeUS$ 332m
8
ExpenditureUS$ 342m
9
conservation 58%conservation policy 4%
education 6%
awareness 8%
fundraising 15%
administration 9%
International Board Members 2002
P R E S I D E N T
Chief Emeka Anyaoku* (Nigeria)● Chairman, Presidential Advisory Council on
International Relations, Nigeria● Distinguished Visiting Fellow, London School
of Economics and Political Science
V I C E - P R E S I D E N T
The Hon Mrs Sara Morrison* (United Kingdom)● Chairperson WWF-UK
H O N O R A RY T R E A S U R E R
André Hoffmann* (Switzerland)● Director Roche Group Basel● Founding Patron BirdLife International
T R U S T E E S
YM Tengku Datuk Dr Zainal Adlin (Malaysia)● Executive Chairman Lintasan Mayang Group
of Companies● Chairperson Borneo Resort Karambunai● Chairperson WWF-Malaysia
Teymour Abdulla Alireza (Saudi Arabia)● President and Deputy Chairperson Alireza Group
of Companies● Director Riyadh Bank● Non-Executive Director Shell Trading & Transport
Haroen Al Rasjid (Indonesia)● President Commissioner PT Caltex Pacific Indonesia● Vice-Chairman Dana Mitra Lingkungan Friends
of the Environment Fund● Chairperson WWF-Indonesia
Prof George Benneh (Ghana)● Emeritus Professor University of Ghana● Chairman International Advisory Committee of
the Economic Commission for Africa on Population, Environment and Food Security
● Trustee Population Council New York
Paul Bowe (New Zealand)● Member Chartered Institute of Transport,
New Zealand● Chairperson WWF-New Zealand
Michael de Pencier (Canada)● Chairperson Key Publishers Company Limited● Trustee WWF-Canada
Prof Marco Frey (Italy)● Associate Professor of Marketing● Trustee WWF-Italy
Jamshyd Godrej (India)● Chairperson Godrej & Moyce Manufacturing
Company Limited● President WWF-India
Dr Gustav Harmer (Austria)● Director Harmer Holdings● Trustee WWF-Austria
J Quincy Hunsicker (Switzerland)● Director McKinsey & Co Europe and Asia
Her Majesty Queen Noor (Jordan)● Patron IUCN● Honorary President BirdLife International
The Hon William K Reilly* (USA)● Chairman and Chief Executive Aqua International
Partners● Chairperson WWF-US
Daniel Richard (France)● Director of Innovation and Development,
Groupe Galeries Lafayette● President WWF-France
WWF International: Board and Directors
10
Dr Rauno Väisänen (Finland)● Director National Heritage Services,
Finnish Forest and Park Service● Chairperson Executive Committee WWF-Finland
Carl-Albrecht von Treuenfels (Germany)● Chairperson Executive Committee WWF-Germany
Dr Hans Wijers (Netherlands)● Board of Directors Akzo Nobel nv● Chairperson WWF-Netherlands
*Executive Committee Member
P R E S I D E N T E M E R I T U S
HRH The Prince PhilipDuke of Edinburgh
V I C E - P R E S I D E N T E M E R I T U S
Dr Luc Hoffmann
V I C E - P R E S I D E N T E M E R I T U S
S Babar Ali
D I R E C TO R G E N E R A L
Dr Claude Martin
WWF International Directors(as of 1 January 2002)
ProgrammeDr Chris Hails
– Africa/Madagascar Regional ProgrammeDr Yaa Ntiamoa-Baidu
– Asia/Pacific Regional ProgrammeDr Isabelle Louis
– Europe/Middle East Regional ProgrammeDr Magnus Sylvén
– Eastern Europe/Central Asia ProgrammeDr Hartmut Jungius
– Western EuropeDr Georg Schwede (from 1 July 2002)
– Latin America & Caribbean Regional ProgrammeDr Guillermo Castilleja
– Conservation PolicyJenny Heap (to 31 March 2002)
– International PolicyGordon Shepherd
– Programme Services & EvaluationPeter Dickinson (to 30 November 2002)
– Government and Aid Agency CoordinationDr Timothy Geer
OperationsPaul Steele
– CommunicationsThomas Schultz-Jagow
– Finance & AdministrationChiew Chong
– Fundraising & MarketingMario Fetz
– Learning ServicesLynda Mansson
– Human Resources DevelopmentDorothy Bray
– Network RelationsDr Peter Kramer
L E G A L A D V I S E R
Michael Rogers
11
AUSTRALIAGPO Box 528, Sydney NSW 2001Tel.: +61 2 9281 5515Fax: +61 2 9281 1060President: Mr Robert PurvesChief Executive: Dr David Butcher
AUSTRIAPostfach 1, 1162 ViennaTel.: +43 1 488 170Fax: +43 1 488 1729Chairperson: Dr Helmut PechlanerChief Executive: Dr Günther Lutschinger
BELGIUMBoulevard Emile Jacqmain 901000 BrusselsTel.: +32 2 340 09 99Fax: +32 2 340 09 33President & Chairperson: Mr Guido RavoetChief Executive: Mr Xavier Ortegat
BHUTANPost Box 210, Chubachu, ThimphuTel.: +975 2 323 528Fax: +975 2 323 518Representative: Mr Kinzang Namgay
BOLIVIAPO Box 1633, Santa CruzTel./Fax: +591 3 3115041Representative: Mr Roger Landivar
BRAZILSHIS EQ QL 6/8, Conjunto E-2° andar71620-430 BrasiliaTel.: +55 61 364 7400Fax: +55 61 364 7474President & Chairperson: Mr José Roberto MarinhoChief Executive: Dr Garo Batmanian
CANADA245 Eglinton Ave East, Suite 410Toronto, Ontario M4P 3J1Tel.: +1 416 489 8800Fax: +1 416 489 3611Chairperson: Mr Michael de PencierChief Executive: Mr Monte Hummel
CAUCASUSM Aleksidze str 11, 380093 TbilisiRepublic of GeorgiaTel.: +995 32 33 0154Fax: +995 32 33 0190Representative: Dr Giorgi Sanadiradze
CENTRAL AFRICABastos BP 6776Yaounde, CameroonTel.: +237 221 70 83Fax: +237 221 42 40Subregional Representative: Mr Laurent Magloire Somé
CENTRAL AMERICACentro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y EnseñanzaTurrialba, 7170 Catie, Costa RicaTel.: +506 556 13 83Fax: +506 556 14 21 Country Representative: Ms Sylvia Marin
CHINARoom 901, The GatewayNo 10 Yabao Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100020 Tel.: +86 10 856 36538Fax: +86 10 856 15731Representative: Mr Jim Harkness
COLOMBIACarrera 35 #4A-25San Fernando, Cali, ValleTel.: +57 2 558 2577Fax: +57 2 558 2588Representative: Ms Mary Lou Higgins
DANUBE/CARPATHIANMariahilferstrasse 88a/3/9 1070 Vienna, AustriaTel.: +431 52 45 470 Fax: +431 52 45 470 70Representative: Mr Jonathon Hornbrook ad interim
The WWF Network
12
DENMARKRyesgade 3 F2200 Copenhagen NTel.: +45 35 36 36 35Fax: +45 35 24 78 68Chairperson: Mr Johan SchroederChief Executive: Mr Kim Carstensen
EASTERN AFRICAPO Box 62440, Nairobi, KenyaTel.: +254 2 577 355Fax: +254 2 577 389Subregional Representative: Dr Samuel Kanyamibwa
EUROPEAN POLICY36, Avenue de Tervuren – B12 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel.: +32 2 743 88 00 Fax: +32 2 743 88 19Representative: Mr Tony Long
FINLANDLintulahdenkatu 1000500 Helsinki 50Tel.: +358 9 774 0100Fax: +358 9 774 02139President & Chairperson (Board):Mrs Elisabeth RehnChief Executive: Mr Timo Tanninen
FRANCE188 Rue de la Roquette75011 ParisTel.: +33 1 55 25 84 84 Fax: +33 1 55 25 84 74President: Mr Daniel RichardChief Executive: Mr Cédric du Monceau
GERMANYPostfach 190 44060326 Frankfurt/MainTel.: +49 69 79 14 40Fax: +49 69 61 72 21Chairperson (Board): Dr Michael OttoChairperson (Exco/President): Mr Carl-Albrecht von TreuenfelsChief Executive: Dr Peter Prokosch
GREECE26 Filellinon Street, 105 58 AthensTel.: +30 10 331 4893Fax: +30 10 324 7578 President: Mr Thymio PapayannisChief Executive: Mr Demetres Karavellas
HONG KONG GPO Box 12721, Hong KongTel.: +852 2526 1011Fax: +852 2845 2734Chairperson: Mr Markus ShawChief Executive: Ms Winnie Sek
HUNGARYNémetvölgyi út 78/b, 1124 BudapestTel.: +36 1 214 5554Fax: +36 1 212 9353President: Prof Dr Ferenc LigetvariChief Executive: Mr Ferenc Markus ad interim
INDIA172-B Lodi Road, New Delhi 110 003Tel.: +91 11 469 17 60Fax: +91 11 462 68 37President: Mr Jamshyd N GodrejChief Executive: Mr Ranjit C Nag ad interim
INDOCHINAInternational PO Box 151Hanoi, VietnamTel.: +84 4 733 8387Fax: +84 4 733 8388Representative: Mr Eric Coull
INDONESIAPO Box 5020 JKTM 12700, Jakarta Tel.: +62 21 576 1070Fax: +62 21 576 1080 Chairperson: Mr Haroen Al RasjidChief Executive: Dr Mubariq Ahmad
ITALYVia Po 25/c, 00198 RomeTel.: +39 06 844 971Fax: +39 06 853 006 12President: Mr Fulco PratesiChief Executive: Mr Michele Candotti
JAPANNihonseimei Akabanebashi Bldg3-1-14 Shiba, Minato-kuTokyo 105-0014Tel.: +81 3 3769 1711Fax: +81 3 3769 1717Chairperson: Mr Teruyuki OhuchiChief Executive: Mr Michio Hino
MACROECONOMICS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 1250 24th St NWWashington, DC 20037-1175Tel.: +1 202 778 9752Fax: +1 202 293 9211Representative: Dr David Reed
MADAGASCARBP 738, Antananarivo 101Tel.: +261 20 22 34885Fax: +261 20 22 34888Representative: Mr Jean-Paul Paddack
MALAYSIA49 Jalan SS23/15, 47400 Petaling Jaya, SelangorTel.: +60 3 7803 3772Fax: +60 3 7803 5157Chairperson: YM Tengku Datuk Zainal AdlinChief Executive: Dato’ Dr Mikaail Kavanagh
MEDITERRANEANVia Po 25/c, 00198, Rome, ItalyTel.: +39 06 844 97227Fax: +39 06 841 3866Representative: Mr Paolo Lombardi
MEXICOAve Mexico No 51Col Hipodromo Condesa06170 Mexico DF Tel.: +525 286 5631Fax: +525 286 5637Representative: Mr Miguel Jorge ad interim
13
PERUCasilla Postal 11-0205, Lima 11Tel.: +51 1261 5300Fax: +51 1463 4459Country Representative: Mr Edgar Maravi
PHILIPPINESLBI Building, #57 Kalayaan AvenueDiliman, 1101 Quezon CityTel.: +632 433 3220Fax: +632 426 3927Chairperson: Mr Jaime Zobel de AyalaChief Executive: Mr Jose Ma Lorenzo Tan
POLANDul Wisniowa 38 m 1, 02-520 WarsawTel.: +48 22 849 84 69Fax: +48 22 646 36 72Representative: Mr Ireneusz Chojnacki
RUSSIAFrom Europe:Account No WWF 232PO Box 289, WeybridgeSurrey KT 13 8WJ, UK
From the US:Account No WWF 232208 East 51st Street, Suite 295New York, NY 10022, USATel.: +7 095 727 0939Fax: +7 095 727 0938Representative: Dr Igor Chestin
SOUTH AFRICAPrivate Bag X2, Die BoordStellenbosch 7613Tel.: +27 21 888 2800Fax: +27 21 888 2888Chairperson: Mr Ton VoslooChief Executive: Mr Tony Frost
SOUTHERN AFRICAPO Box CY 1409, CausewayHarare, ZimbabweTel./Fax: +263 4 703902 Subregional Representative: Dr Harrison O Kojwang
SOUTH PACIFICPMB, GPO Suva, FijiTel.: +679 331 5533Fax: +679 331 5410Representative: Mr Dermot O’Gorman
SPAINGran Vía de San Francisco 828005 MadridTel.: +34 91 354 05 78Fax: +34 91 365 63 36President: Prof Dr Francisco Díaz PinedaChief Executive: Mr Juan Carlos del Olmo
SWEDENUlriksdals Slott, 170 81 SolnaTel.: +46 8 624 74 00Fax: +46 8 85 13 29Chairperson (Board): Dr Lennart AhlgrenChief Executive: Prof Lars Kristoferson
SWITZERLANDPostfach, 8010 Zürich Tel.: +41 1 297 21 21Fax: +41 1 297 21 00President: Dr Hans Hüssy ad interimChief Executive: Dr Christoph Imboden ad interim
TANZANIAPO Box 63117, Dar es SalaamTel.: +255 22 27 00077Fax: +255 22 27 75535Representative: Dr Hermann Mwageni
THAILANDPO Box 4, Klong Luang 12120Tel.: +66 2 524 6129Fax: +66 2 524 6134Representative: Dr Robert Mather
MONGOLIAc/o Hydrometeorological & Environmental Monitoring AgencyKhudaldaany Street 5, Ulaanbataar 46Tel.: +976 11 311 659Fax: +976 11 310 237Representative: Ms Junain Chimeg
NEPALPost Box 7660, KathmanduTel.: +977 1 410942Fax: +977 1 438458Representative: Dr Chandra Prasad Gurung
NETHERLANDSPostbus 7, 3700 AA Zeist Tel.: +31 30 6937 333Fax: +31 30 6912 064Chairperson: Dr Hans WijersChief Executive: Mr Hans Voortman
NEW ZEALANDPO Box 6237, WellingtonTel.: +64 4 499 2930Fax: +64 4 499 2954Chairperson: Mr Paul BoweChief Executive: Ms Jo Breese
NORWAYPostboks 6784, St Olavs plass 0130 OsloTel.: +47 22 03 65 00Fax: +47 22 20 06 66Chairperson (Board): Dr Jorgen RandersChief Executive: Mr Rasmus Hansson
PAKISTANPO Box 5180, Lahore 54600Tel.: +92 42 586 2360Fax: +92 42 586 2358President: Brig Mukhtar AhmedChief Executive: Mr Ali Hassan Habib
The WWF Network (contd)
14
TURKEYPK 971, Sirkeci 34436, IstanbulTel.: +90 212 528 20 30Fax: +90 212 528 20 40President: Mr Okan TapanChief Executive: Mr Gernant Magnin
UNITED KINGDOMPanda House, Weyside ParkGodalming, Surrey GU7 1XRTel.: +44 1483 426444Fax: +44 1483 426409Chairperson: Mr Christopher WardChief Executive: Mr Robert Napier
UNITED STATES1250 24th St NWWashington, DC 20037-1193Tel.: +1 202 293 4800Fax: +1 202 293 9211Chairperson (Board): The Hon William K ReillyChief Executive: Ms Kathryn S Fuller
WESTERN AFRICA08 BP 1776, Abidjan 08, Côte d’IvoireTel.: +225 22 44 87 86Fax: +225 22 44 87 74Subregional Representative: Mr Souleymane Zeba
W W F A S S O C I AT E S
ARGENTINAFUNDACION VIDA SILVESTREDefensa 251, 6° Piso, Dto KC1065 Buenos AiresTel.: +54 11 4343 4086Fax: +54 11 4331 3631President: Dr Héctor LaurenceChief Executive: Mr Javier Corcuera
ECUADORFUNDACION NATURACasilla 17-01-253, QuitoTel./Fax: +593 2 2503 385President: Ms Andrea MantillaChief Executive: Mr Xavier Bustamante
NIGERIANIGERIAN CONSERVATION FOUNDATIONPO Box 74638, Victoria Island, LagosTel.: +234 1 2642 498Fax: +234 1 2642 497President: Chief Isoma P C AsioduChief Executive: Dr Muhtari Aminu-Kano
VENEZUELAFUDENAApartado Postal 70376Caracas 1071-ATel.: +58 212 238 2930Fax: +58 212 239 6547President: Mr Enrique SanchezChief Executive: Mrs Deborah Bigio
15
WWF International
Avenue du Mont-Blanc1196 GlandSwitzerland
Tel.: +41 22 364 9111Fax: +41 22 364 5358
WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation organizations, with almost 5 million supporters and a global network active in morethan 90 countries.
WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by:– conserving the world’s biological diversity– ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable– promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption.
©1986, W
WF
– World W
ide Fund F
or Nature (F
ormerly W
orld Wildlife F
und)®
WW
F R
egistered Trademark ow
ner 12.02
