Annual Report2012

Editorial ................................................................................... 1

Projects

Kenya ................................................................................. 2South Sudan ...................................................................... 6Sudan ................................................................................ 8Somalia ............................................................................ 10Ethiopia ............................................................................ 14Cross Border ..................................................................... 18Project Overview .............................................................. 20

Activities in Europe .............................................................. 22

Finances ............................................................................... 24

Structure ............................................................................... 27

Outlook ................................................................................. 28

Abbreviations ........................................................................ 29

Content

SudanKhartoum: Block 23,

Building 118, East Flat Khartoum - Altayef

VSF Germany Country Offices

EthiopiaYeka sub city,Woreda 7 Kebele 11/12, House no

473 Addis Ababa

South Sudan Stadium Road

Hai Malakal Juba

SomaliaRight road of Mira Aware stadium street

1st August sector Garowe Nugaal Region, Puntland

KenyaNgong Road, Piedmont Plaza

Nairobi, KenyaTel. +254 (0) 20 3870378Fax +254 (0) 20 3873676

info@vsfg.org • www.vsfg.org

Theoretical training at Jinka, Ethiopia.

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Editorial It makes us sad, sometimes even angry, seeing pictures of catastrophes which are transmitted to our homes via Internet and TV. This also happened during the great drought in East Africa 2011. Exhausted, emaciated people, fleeing into areas where they were all but welcome. Children, with soiled faces, target of countless flies. Withered fields, cracked soil under the scorching sun, covered with animal carcasses. Cattle, sheep, goats — starved, died of thirst, or of an infectious disease, which easily broke their weakened bodies. First animals died, then the humans. But these images usually disappear quickly from our daily thoughts and are soon forgotten. Maybe this is the only way for us to make the global injustices and our own helplessness bearable.VSF Germany and many other aid organisations have shown great commitment combatting the consequences of the drought. But the lives of affected people are not back to normal yet. The refugee camps are still crowded with refugees who have lost their livelihoods. But also those who returned or stayed still suffer the serious effects of the drought. Of course, it has been raining meanwhile. But even under normal climatic circumstances, agriculture or horticulture remains very difficult for pastoralists in the arid areas of East Africa. This is why livestock, and essentially milk production, remains at the core of their livelihoods. During the extreme drought most young animals died. The elder animals who survived ceased milk production and often aborted, if pregnant. It takes several months if not years for them to produce milk again, as they have to physically recover and regain fertility. Only after a pregnancy of five months (goats) to nine months (cattle) milk production, which secures the survival of the people, starts again with the birth of the newborn. It takes many years for the livestock to recover and regain their initial strength.Droughts and animal diseases are the most impacting catastrophes in a pastoralist’s life. Emergency aid is certainly necessary, but does not solve the underlying problem. Only strategic animal disease control and drought preparedness contribute to the sustainability of our support efforts. Of course, droughts cannot be prevented, but with the aid of climatic modeling they can be predicted very accurately and preventive measures can be taken. Drought preparedness is a permanent task, a task we want to keep committing ourselves to in the future.

Dr. Frajo Siepelmeyer Chairman of the board

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KenyaCountry Profile

Kenya is famous to many as a spectacular tourist destination with picturesque beaches and a fascinating wildlife. However, unemployment, crime and poverty remain at a very high level. Most Kenyans continue to live below the absolute poverty line of less than one US-Dollar per day/person. The effects of climate change have become more obvious: long droughts followed often by floods are a threat to millions of Kenyans in arid areas.For VSF Germany, Kenya and its capital city Nairobi is the home base for the regional office, where most of the projects are coordinated. In 2011, the entire Horn of Africa was affected by a prolonged drought and in 2012, people still had to struggle with its impact. In agriculture, every new year provides the farmer with the opportunity to return to a good harvest. Those who live off animal husbandry, however, cannot restock their reduced herd in only one year. VSF Germany also faces this challenge when reaching out to donors and supporters. Projects in animal husbandry require a certain period of time before they become sustainable. At the same time, animal husbandry is not hit as hard by a drought as a farmer: Whereas the latter will suffer a 100% harvest loss, the pastoralists will still have some stock left.In particular, the drought has affected those who rely on livestock husbandry, i.e., the population in the arid and semi-arid areas in Kenya, making up three quarters of the country. With herds dying of thirst and grazing grounds drying up, many people set off to the big cities. They hope to find better living conditions there – only to encounter even worse poverty upon arrival.

Facts about KenyaSize: 582,646 km² (approx. two times the size of Uganda).Climate: Kenya‘s climate varies from tropical along the coast to temperate inland to arid in the Northern and northeastern parts of the country.Population: 40.8 million with a wide variety of different ethnic groups (estimated 42 communities).Under-five-mortality rate: 84 (per 1,000 live births) (Source: Human Development Report).Livestock: 17.5 million cattle; 47 million sheep and goats; 3 million camels.

Therefore, VSF Germany actively supports nomadic and semi-nomadic livestock keeping as a livelihood, assists in improving living conditions of the respective groups (access to drinking water, marketing, animal health) and thereby adds to reducing the rural exodus.Moreover, due to terror threats and attacks on civilian targets, such as shopping malls, life in Nairobi has become less safe. These terrorist activities are commonly attributed to al-Shabaab, an islamist militia operating from Somalia. This insecurity affects the daily life of the staff of VSF Germany’s Regional Office and their families in Nairobi, too.

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Background In 2011, Northern Kenya experienced the worst drought since 1951. The affected population is in need of new approaches to cope with these ever more frequent droughts. Donors, implementing agencies and the communities are shifting their focus from “Drought Response” to “Emergency Preparedness” and “Community Managed Disaster Risk Reduction”. In community meetings, participants analyse the most threatening risks caused by hazards like droughts and identify specific vulnerable groups like mothers with small children. Based on this analysis they discuss measures to reduce the impact of disasters and develop concrete contingency plans. Reduction of risks is well possible, as the following example clearly shows: In 2003, an earthquake of a magnitude of 6.6 at the Richter scale in Iran killed more than 40,000 people; three days before, an earthquake of the same magnitude had hit Central California, where, however, only three people died and 40 were injured. A strategic preparation for environmental disasters can save many lives.

ObjectiveIn order to reduce the impact of possible natural disasters (i.e., drought, floods), VSF Germany and other NGOs, in co-operation with the local government and the communities, implement a consequent “Community managed Disaster Risk Reduction Approach” in the La Niña III project in Marsabit and Turkana Counties. Observing recurrent natural disasters and the repeated need for humanitarian interventions, it has been found out that the Disaster Risk Reduction Approach is more effective for the people in need and even more cost-efficient.

ActivitiesSince VSF Germany had already participated in the two previous La Niña project phases, the organization can now support the communities moving from humanitarian assistance-type interventions like water-distribution or cash-for-work programmes to more development-oriented actions.

Disaster Preparedness as a New Approach to Fight Droughts and Other Environmental Hazards

Project title: Strengthening Resilience and Emergency Preparedness in Arid Lands of Kenya (La Niña III)Project period: July 2012 - October 2013Donor: ECHO

Many of the activities are selected and planned by the beneficiaries themselves. This helps ensuring sustainability of projects; there is a chance that they will be continued after VSF Germany will have left. Moreover, VSF Germany often only takes up procedures that have since ancient times been part of the pastoralists’ coping mechanisms. So working with nomades means new lessons learned for all partners involved, especially concerning measures that pastoralists can use in preparing livestock for a drought: Restricted or deferred grazing, herd splitting or selective culling are only a few examples. Since many centuries early warning signs have been detected by the indigenous populations and passed from generation to generation, e. g., the behaviour of domesticated or wild animals, astrology and many others.So what can VSF Germany contribute as a veterinary NGO to this early warning system? Disease reporters, for instance. First, VSF Germany staff and veterinaries of the Kenyan government were trained in “Participatory Epidemiology”. This scientific approach helps monitoring the epidemiological situation by engaging the local communities. People share their insights with the disease reporters. They have notebooks, pencils and, most importantly, mobile phones at hand. This is how information quickly reaches district veterinaries that VSF Germany also assisted with modern equipment. They, in turn, can report to their superiors so that the government can quickly implement respective measures such as quick diagnostics or vaccinations. As a result, herd losses are limited. People suffer less.

A community sets its priorities: putting stones to issue squares.

Building roads in Northern Kenya is often done by manual labour.

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Fair Access to Water Can Prevent ConflictBackgroundPer capita, a German uses an average of 122 litres of water per day. The rural population in Kenya would consider this simply an abundance or waste. Only 60% of the people there have access to potable water and only 42% to sanitary facilities. The Marsabit district in Eastern Kenya is a semiarid region with low rainfall (200 – 1,000 mm p. a.). Many conflicts in this region arise due to lack of water.

ObjectiveVSF Germany aims at improving the nutrition status and human health by ready access to clean water and by making simple sanitary facilities available. As a result, conflicts should reduce.

Project title: Water FacilityProject period: June 2011 - May 2014Donor: European Commission

The WASH Initiative and the Millennium Development GoalsThe then 189 UN Member States approved at the General Assembly eight so-called Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The overarching objective is to cut poverty by half by 2015. The seventh MDG is about water and sanitation: “The share of people that do not have access to drinking water or basic sanitary infrastructure will be reduced to 32%.”

The work on this issue finally led to the action plan WASH – Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene. Access to water and sanitation influences the human health in very different ways. Some conditions that can be blamed on lack of sanitary facilities and on the use of polluted water, e. g., anaemia, dehydration, malnutrition, have a significant impact on child mortality. More than 50% of cases seeking medical attendance in Kenya are a result of the precarious sanitary structures. Lack of water remains an issue of conflict for those who have to compete with each other for this scarce resource.

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This new water pump ensures access to drinking water.

Activities and ResultsTogether with the community, VSF Germany installs water points for human beings and livestock and teaches the most important basics of hygiene. VSF Germany assists the communities to set up water user associations that will ensure a fair distribution of water and maintain the water holes.

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BackgroundMarsabit district offers one of Kenya‘s harshest living conditions: little rainfall, poor soils, scarce vegetation are the characteristics of this vast but thinly populated region. Actually, it can only be used by pastoralists that can take out of the soil what little it has to offer. Therefore, approximately 90% of the population are pastoralists. VSF Germany is active in two communities in Marsabit with the Dasanach and Gabraa tribes. The severe droughts and floods of the last decade have put a lot of stress on them.

VSF Germanys ObjectiveHolistic management is a method of planned grazing used for livestock. To be in the right place, at the right time, for the right reason, and with the right behaviour optimises the use of scarce resources in a fragile environment.

Project title: Holistic Rangeland Management in Pastoral Areas in Northern KenyaProject period: August 2012 - July 2014Donor: FAO

Holistic Management Planned Grazing in Northern KenyaAccording to an old African saying „If you are not at the table, then you are probably on the menu.“

ActivitiesVSF Germany brings pastoralists, representatives of the local authorities and local NGOs together to prepare workshops that tackle the issue of holistic management of planned grazing. Such a workshop designs a grazing plan and participants will know how to check its success and how to adopt it if necessary. Local NGO representatives learn how to organise such a workshop themselves.

A community representative takes his stand during a workshop for development of reciprocal grazing agreements.

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Country ProfileSouth Sudan

„We are a baby nation, crawling.“On 9 July 2011, South Sudan proclaimed its independence. The transition phase as defined in the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement thereby came to an end. North and South of the old Sudan turned into neighbours after many years of civil war. However, many issues concerning the border demarcation or the use of the oil resources remained unresolved. As a consequence, 2012 was characterised by insecurity and conflicts between the new neighbours. Due to the conflict, no oil was exported which, in turn, reduced government income to close to zero.The population felt the limited capacity to act on the part of their government. According to UN figures, 2.7 million South Sudanese were in need of international food aid in 2012. Tangible improvements regarding the provision of basic services by the government could not yet been enjoyed by the population.Moreover, the influx of returnees, in particular from Sudan, and of new refugees from Sudan (Blue Nile State, Southern Kordofan) continues. This makes it more difficult to establish new economic activities with the receiving communities after so many years of war.Finally, internal armed conflicts within South Sudan affected living conditions in the areas concerned negatively. Jonglei State is a point in case. Again and again, local Lou-Nuer and Murle enter into fierce fights. This resulted in many thousand deaths in 2012. In particular during the rainy season, these circumstances render access to people in need of food aid

Facts about South SudanSize: 644,329 km² (approx. two times the size of Germany)Climate: South Sudan has a humid-tropical climate with a rainy season from April-October. The average temperature ranges from 30-36 degree Celsius and varies according to the season.Population: approx. 9 million according to the latest census.Under-five-mortality rate: 121 per 1,000 live births (Source: World Bank 2011, no data for 2012).Livestock: 11.7 million cattle; 12.4 million goats; 12.1 million sheep (Source: Government of South Sudan).

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almost impossible because it is simply too risky. Whether ethnic or political motives are behind these clashes — in the end it does not matter. With this multitude of internal and international challenges the work of the aid agencies as VSF Germany remains vital. South Sudan remains — as some try to promote understanding for this dire situation — a baby nation that does need some more years to mature.

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anPARIS – VSF Germany’s Contribution to Long-Term Rural Development in Southern SudanBackgroundPARIS is an acronym for a complex development approach reaching far beyond animal health or food security. Good governance on the local level, civil conflict management, microcredits, promotion of the independence of VSF Germany’s project partners to strengthen civil society: All this is covered by PARIS’ holistic approach.VSF Germany has been active for a very long time in Gogrial-East, a rural county in Warrap State. From 2006 to 2010 VSF Germany has supported the local population step by step to develop a subsistence economy after the end of the civil war. It was vital to have a good relationship with local authorities. As a result, Gogrial-East was the first county that could present a development plan. With PARIS, the EU ensures the continuation of these successful activities. However, huge challenges persist: Many returnees coming back from Sudan want to establish a new life. These returnees must integrate well into host communities. Second, after many years of displacement and conflict it takes time for the population to improve the food situation and general living conditions.

Goals• All households, including vulnerable households, can

cover their food needs through their own agricultural activities and they can sell their food surplus on the market.

• The groups concerned can handle conflicts of interest on access to resources, e. g., pasture, water, peacefully.

• Local authorities can increasingly fulfill their duties in regard to facilitating crop production, animal production, meat hygiene, and animal health.

Activities and results:To improve food security and self-sufficiency, improved seeds for sorghum, groundnuts, and sesame must be available. VSF Germany follows a two-track approach: First, farmers test improved cultivation in „Farmer Field Schools“. Second, VSF Germany encourages progressive farmers to make use of the experiences with improved seeds and improved farming techniques. The introduction of the ox-plough is of special relevance in this context. It quadruples the cultivated area. Women are particularly proud to learn how to use the ox-plough. Women’s groups are also active in horticulture on the banks of the river Jur. At primary schools, teachers show their students the first steps to horticulture. Children particularly love the cooking classes to prepare lunch with home-grown vegetables. Improving chicken rearing is another important element when diversifying the diet. It is of particular value for women since they decide whether to eat chicken or eggs at home or whether to sell them in case a child is sick and needs

medicine. Specifically trained female Community Animal Health Workers support the chicken farmers.Finally, meat consumption has become safer in Gogrial-East: Butchers do not need to slaughter their animals in the dirt, on the soil, anymore. They now can use a simple but hygienic slaughter slab. After that, they transport them cut into pieces to the small butcher shop which has been constructed with VSF Germany’s support. Mostly, there are long queues waiting for the fresh meat to arrive. With this additional meat on the menu malnutrition can be reduced. At the same time, local butchers have a valuable source of regular income. VSF Germany has often worked in conflict-prone contexts. The population in Gogrial-East, unfortunately, also has to struggle with conflicts. Within the framework of the PARIS programme, however, VSF Germany applies well-tested approaches to establish a peaceful way of solving conflicts of interest. Clans often compete for the use of communal grazing grounds. Before the civil war, the chiefs negotiated agreements on this issue. VSF Germany’s draws on this experience and supports CoTAL, the newly-founded committee of the local chiefs. At the same time, VSF Germany promotes close co-operation between chiefs and local authorities. Finally, VSF Germany supports local NGOs in drafting development plans for their organisations—and in implementing them. Thus they can actively contribute to peaceful conflict management within their communities. In this remote area, where the population has to cope with many development challenges, VSF Germany has gained a lot of trust after having been committed to the people of Gogrial-East for a very long time. It is only on this base, that a programme like PARIS can be successful and achieve long-term change that is a precondition of a positive development with all partners.

Project title: Productive Asset Recovery and Institutional Strengthening (PARIS)Project period: April 2010 - March 2013Donor: European Union

A proud butcher is selling hygienic meat to eager customers.

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News from the “Talking drum“Drums were used in South Sudan to send important messages from one village to another, and therefore “Talking Drum” is the newsletter edited by VSF Germany’s project team in Gogrial East, Warrap State. In the 1990s, as a member of Operation Lifeline Sudan, VSF Germany assisted people suffering from the civil war, and now it supports host communities and returnees to improve their livelihood together. Enjoy this story from the Talking Drum.

Green Gardens For ReturneesCarefully kneeling down, Arou passes her bright green watering can to be filled in the hand dug, shallow well. A few meters deep, the women who now tend these expanding vegetable gardens hollowed out this well. Having first cleared the land three months ago, these farmers have already enjoyed a first rich, dry season harvest of tomatoes, aubergines, okra and groundnuts. Until recently, Arou lived on the edge of an urban slum of Khartoum. As a girl she has grown up in Gogrial but had been forced to flee when the bombs and shells of war shattered her hometown and made normal life untenable. With South Sudan’s independence, Arou found her way back to South Sudan. Yet, having been away from South Sudan for over a decade she had little with her to start her new life. A government allocated plot of land was all she had to start her new life for herself and her four children.For Arou, being part of the VSF Germany vegetable gardens has given her a lifeline. She can now put vital vitamins in her children’s tummies and sell any surplus in the market in Kuajok. The money she makes buys other food, such as sorghum, as well as essentials such as soap.Even as the sun is about to set, the ladies continue to pass water from the shallow well or pump it around the large gardens using the treadle pump and hose pipes given by FAO through VSF Germany. The gardens are organized in groups allowing labour and produce to be shared. Over 500 are now

involved in these gardens. Most days, VSF Germany staff also visit them to give them tips on vegetable tendering or other advice. A little further from the centre of town, surrounded by more outside gardens, are two large greenhouses supported by FAO and implemented by VSF Germany. The first of their kind in the state, the greenhouses are producing a bumper crop of tomatoes. Thirty women tend each of the houses, careful watering, training and observing as these bright red fruits appear. In the market, tomatoes can sell for over 2 SSP each. Having utilized land given by the local community, the host community has also been included in the project, fostering productive, peaceful relationships between old and new inhabitants.

(Written by Daniel Nondi, Naomi Pendle and Tinega Ong’ondi - the VSF Germany project team in Luonyaker)

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Happy with the first harvest.

Arou is getting water at the self-dug shallow well.This will help to let her horticulture flower.

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Veterinary Assistance in Refugee Camps

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BackgroundThe UN has established four refugee camps in Maban County, Upper Nile State. They provide shelter for approx. 140,000 refugees from Sudan (April 2013). Mainly women and children fled from armed conflicts between the SPLA North and the Sudan Armed Forces. The receiving communities consist of merely 14,000-20,000 inhabitants and are overwhelmed by the sheer number of refugees. In autumn 2012, VSF Germany received reports of heavy cattle losses. These cattle had been brought by the Ingessana refugees from the neighbouring Blue Nile State. Not only do they face losses, the receiving community and the South Sudan Government ask the Ingessana for a considerable contribution for grazing on their land. Cattle died in large numbers and no real cause could be identified. A reliable diagnoses with a proper therapy had to be found to stop the livestock losses.

Project title: Livestock Assets Protection and Disease SurveillanceProject period: November 2012 - January 2013Donor: FAO The project will continue to be funded by CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency) and FAO

Activities and resultsA VSF exploratory team went on site to see for itself the effects of the disease and possible causes. The team of four, including VSF Germany’s board member and specialist in tropical veterinary medicine Dr Klaus Lorenz, held intensive talks with the cattle keepers, examined some infected animals and took blood samples. A diagnose was soon established: A profound trypanosomiasis parasitaemia was identified. Trypanosoms are very dangerous and potentially lethal blood parasites of cattle. The team identified a matching therapy. In co-operation with the Free University of Berlin and the MARF (Ministry of Agriculture Resources and Fisheries) VSF Germany managed to put together a team of veterinary experts that will investigate the wider epidemiological context of this outbreak in Maban county.

The experts arrive in Maban county.

This cow shows the typical clinical signs: Cachexia and diarrhea.

Cattle and humans live together in the refugees camps.

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SudanCountry Profile In 2012, Sudan remained high on the international agenda. First, Darfur remains of concern. Second, the unresolved issues between Sudan and its new neighbour South Sudan that had seceded in 2011 are particular challenges to the populations concerned and VSF Germany’s project implementation. In April, 2012 armed conflict broke out locally in the vicinity of the oil fields at the Sudan-South Sudan border. Moreover, the undefined status of the Abyei region makes it difficult for inhabitants and neighbours alike to organise their living. Only after the establishment of a UN peace-keeping force of 4,000 troops a certain stabilisation effect could be achieved (for further information on the situation in Abyei, cf. the SKILLS project). This conflict and other clashes in the Nuba Mountains or in Blue Nile state (partly continuing) resulted in more than 211,000 refugees so far, most of them moving to South Sudan.In addition to the armed conflicts in Darfur or at the South Sudan border and the detrimental effects of the floods in many areas, all Sudanese felt the impact of the rise of staple food prices on the world market — including Khartoum and Omdurman residents, whom VSF Germany supports in further projects. The government can only partly subsidise staple food and thereby keep it available since the national budget is suffering from the conflict with South Sudan that halted oil exports and reduced the income dramatically. Some protests due to rising food prices, however, did not achieve their goals.In September 2012 – after the publishing of the infamous Mohamed-cartoon – some demonstrators attacked the German,

Facts about SudanSize: 1.86 million square km (approx. three times the size of Kenya).Climate: hot and mostly dry; vast deserts in the North; rainy season varies from region to region, from April to November. Maximum rainfall in the North: 100 mm, in the South 1,500 mm.Population: approx. 26 million, 40% live in urban centers; many different ethnic groups.Under-five-mortality rate: 108 (per 1,000 live births) (Source: Human Development Report).Livestock: approx. 30 million cattle; 70 million sheep and goats; approx. 4.7 Mio. camels.

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the British and the US Embassy. The German embassy was seriously damaged and the building cannot be used any longer. General economic development stagnated in Sudan. Large parts of the population live in rural areas that are characterised by poor or inexistent infrastructure (such as poor roads, no sufficient schools and health stations or even hospitals and vet offices) and by malnutrition and a precarious income situation. This is where VSF Germany’s projects come in. Interventions on cattle-keeping are the most important entry-points for VSF Germany in Sudan.

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BackgroundKordofan is situated in the South of the Republic of Sudan bordering the Republic of South Sudan. Today, more than 18 million gregarious animals — among them more than ten million cattle — graze there during one half of the year. They are the Misseriya tribe’s property. The Misseriya are an arabised ethnic group of cattle nomads (so-called Baggara). They speak Arabic and are Muslims. During the dry season, the other half of the year, they move to neighbouring Abyei where the River Kiir/Bahr-el-Arab provides water during most of the year. Since ancient times they share grazing grounds and access to water with the ethnic group of the Dinka-Ngok, who are agro-pastoralists and cultivate crops for their own consumption during the rainy season. The ongoing conflict between Sudan and South Sudan about Abyei has been widely covered in the media and affects old sharing agreements negatively. The Ngok-Dinka tribes have always claimed the primary grazing rights for themselves; the Misseriya came as guests. Clashes, which happened regularly, have aggravated. Politically, in addition to the question of grazing rights, the debate on who owns the oil resources situated in Abyei complicates the overall situation.The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) in The Hague was supposed to settle the border conflict in 2009. In addition to defining land property rights, secondary rights had been allocated in the PCA’s settlement. However, this has not been accepted or implemented. Armed conflict continues to threaten the civilian population’s food security in this region. Under these dire circumstances VSF Germany assists pastoralists with this project.

ObjectiveDue to the on-going conflict, many pastoralists can hardly organise their animal husbandry. Moreover, grazing areas are reduced through new economic activities, e. g., mechanised

Project title: South Kordofan Integrated Livestock and Livelihood Support Program Project period: June 2012 - May 2013Donor: USAID/OFDA

Shared Grazing Rights in Southern Kordofan

farming, exploitation of new oil fields, and through construction of new roads. Additionally, the effects of climate change are felt: Droughts affect the grazing grounds, and the pastoralists have to start their migration to areas near to the river much earlier. All these developments minimise traditional migratory routes and grazing land. At the same time, animal husbandry remains the only possibility to produce food and to live of it — be it through consumption or sale. VSF Germany improves animal health through basic veterinary services like vaccinations and deworming. VSF Germany assists particularly vulnerable households through re-stocking programmes for goat, sheep and chicken. Moreover, VSF Germany trains pastoralists in basic knowledge on Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) and organises meetings to settle conflicts on grazing rights. Ideally, a sustainable and balanced use of grazing land for all stakeholders is agreed upon at such meetings. As cross-cutting objective, VSF Germany promotes an understanding of peaceful conflict management, the allegiance to institutions and the honouring of commitments.

Activities and ResultsIn October 2012, relevant local authorities together with representatives from the communities assisted VSF Germany in a needs’ assessment. Despite the dangerous environment, our target groups showed optimisms and a spirit of co-operation. For them, animal health is the key to food security. And VSF Germany works with them to improve it. The current vicious circle of poor nutrition for the cattle leading to infectious diseases and vice-versa is broken by cattle owners with support of VSF Germany.

In South Kordofan, goat restocking is an important tool to support the livelihood of the most vulnerable households – in this case a handicapped woman.

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Women - Entrepreneurs at the Omdurman Milk Market

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BackgroundWith a project financed by the German Embassy Khartoum, VSF Germany explores new territory in its programme work: the urban outskirts of Omdurman, Khartoum’s twin city opposite the confluence of the Blue and the White Nile are the second largest in Sudan with approx. 2.7 million inhabitants. In Al-Hagbeiga just outside the city limits, VSF Germany assists families in need with a semi-pastoralist background. The city has been expanding continuously. As a consequence, pastoralist structures that previously were in the vicinity of the city are now surrounded by settlements. These challenges are known to other countries, too. However, it is mostly the government designating areas for compensation for agricultural purposes. In these peri-urban settlements, however, animal husbandry has not only been seriously challenged by the reduction of grazing lands, but also by rising market prices for fodder and the lack of veterinary services. Moreover, food prices have also increased dramatically in Sudan during the reporting period.

Project title: Enhancing Women Livelihood through Livestock Assets POrotection and Milk Marketing in Alhageiba Village Project period: February 2012 - September 2012Donor: German Embassy Khartoum

Inflation on food prices was approx. 25%. A low-income family currently has to spend almost 72% of its income for essential food. In comparison: A German family spends about 11% of the household income for food.

Goal of the projectParticularly vulnerable families are identified and VSF Germany supports them in improving their livelihood in the way determined by themselves. Women-led households are at the focus of VSF Germany’s assistance. Socially, women may be perceived as inferior to men in pastoralist structures. In reality, however, women are the entrepreneurs and breadwinners for their families.

ActivitiesVSF Germany supports local veterinary authorities through activities that can be continued after the project period by themselves and in co-operation with VSF Germany implementing partners, i.e., local non-governmental organisations. VSF Germany’s classes on milk hygiene are highly popular. Because it is as true in Omdurman as anywhere else: Better milk will get higher prices at the market! VSF Germany supports the work of basic animal health workers. They deworm and vaccinate goats and sheep. Through this integrative approach, VSF Germany also aims at long-term developments in the family structures that can result in sufficient family income.

Chargé d‘affaires Dr. Dirk Stockhausen of the German Embassy and Nawal Kamil, VSF Germany Country Director for Sudan, handing over goats to the women of Omdurman.

Women at Omdourman, during a workshop on milk hygiene

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nOrganising Sustainable Cold ChainsOne of VSF Germany’s major tasks in the project regions in Sudan is to establish a sustainable network of cold chains. Whereas there are some heat-stable vaccines, the majority of veterinary drugs and vaccines, however, cannot be used without ensuring cooled storage without any interruption. Therefore, VSF Germany tries to install solar-powered fridges in the communities and to hand them over to responsible individuals that will maintain them well (following the “shared risk model for drug and vaccination delivery”). In these fridges one can even produce ice blocks that, in turn, can ensure adequate temperatures in the portable cooling boxes that VSF Germany’s community animal health workers use when carrying vaccines to the herds. In some areas in South Kordofan and Abyei, VSF Germany could establish these cold chains with local partners. These regions, in particular, are cut off of the rest of the country during the rainy season without access to electricity. Before, vaccination campaigns were not possible throughout the year, resulting in vaccination gaps particularly dangerous for young cattle.

„Integrated Natural Resource Management – INRM“ In its programmes, VSF Germany follows the INMR approach. INRM is defined as follows: “A process of managing natural resources in a systematic way, which includes multiple aspects of natural resource use (biophysical, socio-political, and economic), meet production goals of producers and other direct users (e. g., food security, profitability, risk aversion) as well as goals of the wider community (e. g., poverty alleviation, welfare of future generations, environmental conservation). It focuses on sustainability and at the same time tries to incorporate all possible stakeholders from the planning level itself, reducing possible future conflicts.” (Source: Wikipedia)VSF Germany works in an environment that is characterised by scarce resources and diverging interests. VSF Germany is convinced that this is the right approach to identify sustainable solutions that will allow the generations to come to lead a self-determined life.

Women contribute to INRM: They prepare the ground before the seeds are disseminated.

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Somalia is frequently in the international headlines because of piracy along its coast. The pirates jeopardise the United Nations food aid for the distressed population as well as important trade shipping routes. Due to the long lasting civil war of nearly 25 years, Somalia is seen by many as a “failed state”. Millions of people are refugees or internally displaced persons, countless people depend on international aid.But as so often, a look at the headlines does not reveal the whole reality of the country. Somaliland, former British-Somalia, has declared independence in 1991 and succeeded to maintain stability on its territory since then. The political system in Somaliland is based on three parties. In 2005 elections were held for the third time since the independence, in which the then ruling party lost and the present government was formed.In neighbouring Puntland, where many regions are relatively stable, the government does not strive for independence but extensive autonomy rights.VSF Germany is active in Somaliland, Puntland and Galmudug of Central Somalia. Somalia is a livestock country with three million animals yearly exported to Saudi Arabia, Yemen and the Emirates as the main customers. Berbera in Somliland and Bosasso in Puntland are the main shipping ports. These animals are delivered from all over Somalia by pastoralists, who have adapted their way of living for thousands of years to perfectly fit their natural environment. They have reached an astonishing level of productivity in the livestock sector.

SomaliaCountry Profile

Facts about SomaliaSize: 637,657 km² (approx. two times the size of Germany).Climate: The climate in Somalia is a hot and dry monsoon climate with two dry and two wet seasons. Average temperature varies from 28-42 degrees Celsius, according to the season. The lowlands of Somalia are part of the hottest regions on earth.Population: 9 million (Source: UN Data). Under-five-mortality rate: 180 per 1,000 live births (Source: UNDP).Livestock: 13.5 million sheep; 12 million goats; 6.2 million camels; 5.2 million cattle (Source: WAHID; OIE).

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In the Southern parts of Somalia the enduring armed conflict and political tensions makes the work of aid organisations nearly impossible. The success of the troops of the African Union und the Somali security forces in the fight against the Islamist al-Shabaab militia has not changed much in this regard. The new government in Mogadishu as a whole must demonstrate that it is able to improve livelihoods of millions of people, especially in the Southern parts, who are in need for help. But there is hope: The appointed president is agreeable to many Somali factions, and the international community takes the chance to support a stabilisation process.

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BackgroundGalkayo is a divided city in a conflict area. The Northern part is situated in the autonomous region of Puntland, the Southern part in the the Galmudug region of Somalia. Galkayo is considered one of the largest and best-developed cities in the region. Therefore, it attracts many internally displaced people (IDPs). ,Waris Dirie, the well-known model whose autobiography “Desert Flower” even inspired a movie, comes from this area. And Waris Dirie’s fate reflects the problem that VSF Germany tries to tackle with this particular project. Traditionally, women in Somali society do not have adequate social recognition. This has been aggravated by the civil war in the last decades. It led to a traumatised society with many women and families up-rooted from their social contexts. Some fragments of the Somali society just do not see a perspective for themselves. This often results in aggression towards the weakest parts of the society. Hence, IDP women are the biggest group to become victims of sexualised violence.

Goal of our workSocially underprivileged women are the target group of this project, in particular those women that have become victims of sexualised violence, e. g., through rape, early marriage, domestic violence, or female genital mutilation. VSF Germany assists these women in re-gaining strength and will-power to take their life into their own hands. As elsewhere, economic empowerment plays a crucial role in this process. Women that were involved in milk and meat marketing in former successful projects serve as role models.

Project title: Support to the Promotion of Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in Somalia Project period: September 2012 - September 2014Donor: European Union

ActivitiesIn co-operation with a local NGO VSF-Germany organises “First Aid” for the women in a comprehensive way: through a medical doctor, through psychological support, and with very practical things like food and clothes. In a second step, the women, together with those who could already gain experience, slowly start to develop their own business ideas. Generating their own income they can get more and more independent from their violent husbands. The experienced women can serve as a role model since they have already managed to earn their own livelihood – independently. This is where VSF Germany comes in: Good alternatives for income generating activities are, e. g., the marketing of fresh, good quality camel milk. With a small start-up funding women can buy their starter kit for the new life as dairy and meat traders. In workshops they learn key steps to set up and control a business and basic rules on hygiene when handling fresh meat and milk. The project is linked to a campaign of the local Ministry for Family. A crucial approach used is to involve local respected – male – (opinion) leaders as role models for their fellow men. Thus, the project finally contributes to strengthen women’s rights in general.

Woman selling fresh meat at the Galkayo market.Tradition meets progress - hand-braided milk cans coexist with

modern metal ones.

Women in Galkayo: Managing Emergencies on a Daily Basis

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As many other developing countries, Ethiopia is a country of stark contrasts. On the one hand, the capital Addis Ababa is with Kenya‘s capital Nairobi the competing regional centre of the Horn of Africa and Headquarters of the African Union. The majority of the population is under 25 – a young and dynamic country. On the other hand, the very high population growth rate is a great challenge for the country. Since 1984, the population has doubled to now 85 million people. According to UN figures, it will double again by 2050. It is hardly possible to build schools or medical facilities at the required speed, nor can the economy create this amount of jobs. As a consequence, 80% of the people live in rural areas, 20 million in absolute poverty, i.e., with less than one US-dollar per day. Four fifths of the labour force works in the agricultural sector which generated 43% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2011. However, 7.4 million Ethiopians depend on structural food assistance or agricultural assistance. If a drought occurs, as in 2011 at the entire Horn of Africa, this number rises considerably. The consequences of the so called land grabbing have not yet been properly analysed in this context. Investors buy large areas of land to cultivate them with industrial means; in other countries, experience showed that there was little to gain for the local population from such projects.

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Facts about EthiopiaSize: 1,100,000 km² (approx. two times the size of Kenya).Climate: The predominant climate type is tropical monsoon, the South is especially hot and dry with semi-arid regions. Population: Ethiopia‘s population has grown from 33.5 million in 1983 to 84.32 million in 2012. Under-five-mortality rate: 104 (per 1,000 live births) (Source: Human Development report).Livestock: 51 million cattle; 48 million sheep and goats; 800,000 camels (Source: 2010 WAHID, OIE).

Due to conflicts in neighbouring countries Sudan, South Sudan, and Somalia, 212,000 refugees are currently in Ethiopia. At the border to Kenya, there are regularly clashes between different ethnic groups - see our project descriptions on page 18.Politically, 2012 was an important year for Ethiopia. Prime Minister Meles Zenawi, who had been known far beyond the country’s borders, died. His successor, the former Minister for Foreign Affairs Desalegn, has so far managed to maintain the stability in this multi-ethnic country.

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piaHow Can VSF Protect Breast-Feeding Mothers and Their Children from Hunger? With Lactating Goats!

BackgroundIn 2012, in some areas of Ethiopia food security was threatened again by droughts and floods. By mid-2012, UNICEF estimated that 3.7 million Ethiopians depended on food aid. Approx. 312,000 children were in need of medical treatment due to severe malnutrition. VSF Germany implements this project in Afar state in Northern Ethiopia. For the Afar pastoralists their goats, sheep, and cows are the source of their livelihood.

ObjectiveThe objective of this project is to protect the particularly vulnerable group of breast-feeding mothers and their children from hunger and malnutrition and to assist them in their life, i.e., as herders living of what they get from their animals. Hence: No milk powder for the children, but fresh sheep or goat milk from the families’ animals or from the local market.

Activities and resultsVSF has initiated two sets of activities with the communities:

VSF Germany has identified 200 vulnerable households 1. that own in average 80 sheep and goats each, under the harsh environment the minimum to survive. VSF Germany provided concentrates for feeding to the milking animals produced in the highlands of Ethiopia in the fodder shortage season. The daily milk production was maintained, as did the fertility of the animals. The overall

Project title: Livelihood Based Children Nutrition Intervention Project in Afar RegionProject period: June 2012 - February 2013Donor: HRF UNOCHA

Early warning systemsIn 1984, a great famine caused hundreds of thousands deaths in Ethiopia. This gave rise to the first famine early warning system FEWSNET (www.fews.net), supported by USAID. 50 participants, mainly in Africa, feed local climate data into the system. They are analysed in the US and the results are made available to relevant governments and NGOs. The FAO has established a similar early warning system: The Global Information and Early Warning System GIEWS. It puts together detailed prognoses for the up-coming harvests. In the summer of 2010, warnings went out on the projected famine of 2011. The international community has to react to such warnings and put preventive measures in place. “We did not know this was coming!” – such an apology is no longer credible.

body condition improved considerably. This intervention has helped to improve the herd and individual animal productivity in a crisis situation. Further, the maintained milk production has helped to feed the lactating mothers and their babies. VSF Germany offered refresher courses for community 2. animal health workers (CAHW). More than 3,000 households received vouchers for veterinary services from the CAHWs. As a consequence, they could not only feed their animals well, they could also de-worm and vaccinate them.

Through this approach VSF Germany initiated an entire cycle of activities that supported the local economy in many ways and helped very efficiently those in need: pastoralists, the CAHWs, local traders as well as women and children. This is a very sustainable way of ensuring food security. Of course, this approach does only work at a very early stage of a crisis. Luckily, several early warning systems and improved regional co-operation of governments make it easier to apply this approach.

A VSF Germany lorry carrying concentrates to remote project areas.

The goats that have eaten concentrates will produce more milk.

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In lieu of a country profile

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Cross Border Projects between Kenya and Ethiopia

Pastoralists and their animals move to where the best pastures are available. This way of life has existed for thousands of years and does not respect today’s international boundaries. Governments as well realise that pastoralists living in border lands need to follow pastures. VSF Germany supports the affected groups with cross-border projects to cope with their specific challenges, such as emergency and drought preparedness.Natural resources are scarce, population growth and climate change increase competition for resources. Moreover, small arms and light weapons are easily available today. One can buy an AK47 for the value of a cow. As a result, conflicts about resources turn violent and bloody very quickly – and the border can offer protection to the perpetrator.

BackgroundA Pastoral Field School (PFS) is a school “without walls” – meetings can take place just under a tree. All interested members of a pastoral community can join: men and women, young and old, respected elders as well as young warriors. Usually women bring even their children around. A PFS comprises of a group of between 20 to 30 members who meet regularly over a period of time; they usually start exchanging observations that relate to livestock production in the local rangeland ecosystem. A trained PFS facilitator, usually from or living with the local community, guides the learning process.

ObjectiveWith this project, VSF Germany promotes the mutual exchange and experimenting on alternative livelihoods.

Activities and resultsIn these “schools” for adult education, people meet regularly to discuss about their problems and what they could do to

Project title: FAO Pastoral Field SchoolProject period: July 2011 - July 2013Donor: FAO

Opening the treasury box of the VICOBA group is always a magic moment. Money and records are kept well in this box - ensuring transparency for the group and

creating security for the savings.

Looking for Accomodation in Illeret? The VICOBA Group Will Help Out

overcome them working together. They concentrate a lot on the question how to generate additional income so that they do not depend on their livestock alone. As a result, VICOBA groups were established. People meet regularly to save small amounts of money so that they are able to generate their own funds. Donors are generally prepared to support these groups with additional capital; this led to the establishment of a guest house by the VICOBA group in Illeret: The group constructed and equipped several round huts, available now for traders. “Business is better than fighting”, was the insight gained by the young warriors, members of the group. The second initiative supported by VSF Germany is a grocery and hardware store. These two sources help to secure a steady income and as a result to reduce the conflict potential in the area, including in the time of crisis.

Therefore, it is crucial to establish cross-border communication between the communities, the pastoralists and even between the local authorities on both, the Kenyan and the Ethiopian side. All are confronted with similar challenges. VSF Germany tries to serve as a catalyst for change in two cross-border projects and thereby to support those concerned on both sides of the border in their livelihood.

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Promoting Initiatives for Peace

First hand information: The Officer Commanding the Police in Illeret (OCS) is Charles Nyinju. He described that when he started working in Illeret, there were war and conflicts all over, between Gabraa and Dassanech, between Gabraa and Turkana, between Dassanech and Turkana, and so on. He noticed a steady reduction of conflicts after VSF Germany got involved in conflict resolution among the ethnic groups from 2009 onwards.

BackgroundThe Dasanach, Gabraa and Hamar move with their lifestock in South Omo (Omorate Woreda) on the Ethiopian side and in North Horr District on the Kenyan side. During recent years, droughts occurred more often resulting in an increase in conflicts on access to water and grazing grounds. Since ancient times, reciprocal grazing agreements between the different ethnic groups have been the best approach for peaceful conflict resolution.

Activities and resultsIn 2012, trust building among pastoralists and peaceful conflict resolution supported by VSF Germany could gain momentum: In November, a central peace meeting could be organised on neutral grounds – at the Sibiloi National Park. Among the participants one could find the representatives of all peace committees established so far. Respected elders as well as common members of the different communities discussed on new agreements and on mutual use of resources. All of them agreed that the signing of agreements needs a special celebration witnessed by governmental representatives from the Ethiopian and the Kenyan side. The meeting was attended by 42 elected representatives of the different groups and 13 representatives of the Ethiopian and Kenyan administration; more than 300 community members were able to witness discussions, verbal agreements and finally signing of contracts. VSF Germany was happy to observe a remarkable initiative from the side of the peace committees: The Kenyans were

Project title: Improved Community Response to Drought - IFA Zivik ProjectProject period: March 2012 - December 2012Donor: ECHO; co-founding provided by the German Foreign Office through IFA Zivik

the ones to insist on inviting the Ethiopian Dasanach, Borana, Hamar, and Gabraa for talks, so that all parties concerned meet and identify solutions on how to use limited grazing areas and water points sustainably together. A very important step towards a peaceful co-existence!Peace also pays off economically. The Dasanach started trading cattle, sheep and goats to the Gabraa. This commerce is easier since the animals do not need to be transported with a lorry to protect them from attacks as before. They can trek on their hooves and use the water and grass on their way. It is interesting to observe the changing role of women in newly founded forums such as the VICOBA groups (VICOBA: Village Community Banks) and the traditional get-togethers as the Ethiopian coffee ceremony. Women had not been involved in decision-making before. However, they realise now that they have a key role to play when it comes to peace-building. VSF Germany will monitor closely how they will translate this into practice.

Women of the Rendille ethnic group live like Hamar and Dasanach on both sides of the border.

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Project, Country RegionInstitutional

Grants TOTAL

Funding Institution

Lead Agencies/ Partners Duration

KENYAResponse in Arid Lands for Pastoralists in Drought Affected Kenya (RAPID)

North Kenya € 1.200.000 BMZ GIZ, VSF CH, PISP, TSF

09/2011 04/2012

Response in Arid Lands for Pastoralists in Drought Affected Kenya (RAPID) II

North Kenya € 841.956 BMZ GIZ, VSF CH, PISP, TSF

10/2012 04/2013

Improve Access to Clean Water and Sanitation (Water Facility)

North Kenya € 568.668 EU, VSF G Solidarites International, PISP

07/2011 06/201

Enhancing Resilience of Communities Affected by Drought (REACT) OFDA

Tana River, Marsabit Counties

€ 178.571 USAID German Agro Action (GAA)

01/2012 06/2012

Drought Emergency Response - La Niña II

North Kenya € 583.535 ECHO Oxfam, VSF Belgium, VSF Swiss

01/2012 06/2013

Drought Emergency Response - La Niña III

North Kenya € 950.000 ECHO Oxfam, VSF Belgium, VSF Swiss

07/2012 10/2013

Disease Surveilance, Mass Vacination and Treatment - FAO Vaccinations

Marsabit South District

€ 100.000 FAO 01/2012 05/2012

Holistic Rangeland Management (NRM) FAO North Kenya € 98.969 FAO 07/2012 07/2014

Enhancing early recovey - Diakonie North Kenya € 43.306 DKH 08/2012 07/2013

Rabies Control (RC) Massai Mara, Narok District

constantly supported

through VSF G

VSF G, Intervet UK

--- annually since 2006

Cross BorderImproved Cross-border Community Response to Drought (ICRD IV)

North Kenya, South Ethiopia

€ 555.555 ECHO 03/2012 06/2013

Improved Cross-border Community Response to Drought - IFA II

North Kenya, South Ethiopia

€ 99.794 IFA 01/2012 02/2012

Pastoral Field Schools North Kenya, South Ethiopia

€ 149.970 FAO 08/2011 08/2013

ETHIOPIALivelihood based Children Nutrition - HRF Ethiopia € 445.122 UNOCHA 01/2012

10/2012Livelihood based Children Nutrition - HRF Aafar € 350.854 UNOCHA 06/2012

01/2013SOUTH SUDANProductive Asset Recovery and Institutional Strengthening (PARIS)

Gogrial East County

€ 3.167.055 EU, VSF G WCDO, INFRAID, SEDA, COTAL

04/2010 03/2013

Conflict Prevention & Peace Building (CPPB) Warrap State € 12.308 FAO 01/2012 03/2013

Improved Food Security IFOP Warrap State, Upper Nile

State

€ 500.000 French Embassy

03/2012 12/2012

Sustained Peace in Development - IOM Warrap State € 16.096 IOM 05/2012 07/2012

Vaccination Campaign - ICRC Gogrial East County

€ 14.071 ICRC 04/2012 05/2012

Horticultural and Poultry Production Jonglei, Upper Nile, Warrap

State

€ 109.273 FAO 04/2012 10/2012

Livelihood Protection and Recovery for Returness Jonglei, Warrap State

€ 153.917 CHF/UNDP 04/2012 03/2013

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Project Sector RegionInstitutional

Grants TOTAL*

Funding Institution

Lead Agencies/ Partners Duration

SOUTH SUDANEast Coast Fever Prevention and Control Programme (ECF)

Bor County € 37.312 FAO 12/2011 03/2012

Emergency Veterinary Support Programme (EVSP) Phase III

Jonglei State and Eastern

Equatoria State

€ 730.769 USAID/OFDA, VSF

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VSF B, VSF CH 05/2011 04/2012

Emergency Veterinary Support Programme (EVSP) Phase IV

Jonglei, Upper Nile State (Malakal)

€ 778.571 USAID VSF B, VSF CH 07/2012 06/2013

Livestock Assets Protection and Disease Surveillance - PROLIVE

Maban County € 73.413 FAO 11/2012 01/2013

Livestock Asset Protection - LAPALS Maban County € 153.853 UNDP 12/2012 09/2013

SUDANSKILLS South Kordofan € 714.286 USAID Mubidaron,

Al Tamas06/2012 05/2013

Pastoralist Livelihood Protection - CHF Red Sea Abyei € 344,460 UNDP 07/2011 03/2012

Animal Vaccination and Treatment North Abyei € 10.270 FAO 02/2012 03/2012

Enhancing Women Livelihoods Omdourman € 20.338 German Embassy Khartoum

04/2012 09/2012

SOMALIAGender Equality Puntland,

Somaliland€ 543.030 EU 09/2012

08/2014Somali Pastoral Dairy Development (SDDP II) Puntland, € 2.200.000 EU, VSF G 07/2012

06/2013Supporting Internationally Competative Meat Industry - SOMEAT

Puntland, Somaliland

€ 152.448 FAO 10/2010 03/2012

Supporting Internationally Competative Meat Industry - SOMEAT

Puntland, Somaliland

€ 152.518 FAO 07/2011 06/2013

Disaster Response and Recovery for Drought-Affected Households - POLIS

Puntland € 93.753 Save the Children

11/2011 02/2012

Food Security and Rural Developmen Awdal Region € 107.000 BMZ GAA 09/2011 04/2013

Somali Pastoral Dairy Development - SAHSP III Puntland, Somaliland

€ 13.674 EU Terra Nuova 01/2011 12/2012

A list of abbreviations is to be found on page 29.

A women in South Kordofan registering for cash for work - to use the money earned to purchase sugar, lentils and oil for her family.

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A First Result of VSF Germany’s Extended Activities in Germany and Europe: More VisibilityVSF Germany’s Activities in Europe

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New faces, new address:2012 meant for our team in Germany a lot of changes. From March onwards we could count on 3 more staff: two in charge of Advocacy, and one of Global Learning. While Julian Juhrs, desk officer for Global Learning, came in to strengthen the team in Hannover, Friederike Schulze Hülshorst, desk officer for Agriculture and Food Security, and Kristin Resch, desk officer for Pastoralism and Animal Production, had to face the challenge to establish our first “dependence” in Berlin – at our capital and consequently nearer to the centre of power. During the last quarter of the year it was the team in Hannover who had to solve a lot of problems: the office had to move from Bünteweg to Bischofsholer Damm. These streets are found not too far from each other within the two campuses of the University for Veterinary Medicine, but still, a lot of planning was needed. Especially getting connected to the world once more via internet was a major issue. Many thanks to the team in Hannover for all the efforts put in.

Highlights of our work in 2012 in a nutshell:Public Relations As every year in January, VSF Germany was represented at the International Green Week in Berlin. This year people – especially young kids – were mostly interested in three very special representatives of our organisation, the dwarf zebu Lisa and two dwarf goats, Marlene and Greta. For the first time bpt had invited us to share their exhibition grounds with them; it is there where we could install the small pen for Lisa and her companions. On November 16th and 17th we participated at the bpt-congress, as in former years, with an information-stall. This year it took place in Hannover.A special highlight followed at the end of November: We were invited to present a photo-exhibition with the topic “When animals mean life” within the Parliament of Lower Saxony building. Based on a series of photos taken in our Somalia projects just before the onset of the devastating drought

in 2011, the exhibition portrayed the daily life of Somali pastoralists. On 28th November, the exhibition was officially opened by Hermann Dinkla, the Parliament’s president; presentations on the history of VSF Germany, current issues of development policy and, as a concrete example for our work, women’s role in milk and meat marketing in Somalia followed (before a lunch was served to our guests). The exhibition was a real success and received many visitors up to the time we had to close just before Christmas. We plan to offer it for further display at other locations in 2013. Interested groups can contact us via info@togev.de .

FundraisingOur most successful activity in regards to fundraising is “Vaccinating for Africa”. On 15th of May, 1136 participating vet clinics donated half of the income they could realise through vaccinating pets and farm animals for our projects. This year all the animal owners who participated by taking their animals for vaccination were led by a very special VIP: Bärbel Schäfer, renowned journalist and presenter in television, took Labrador Paula to a vet clinic in downtown Frankfurt. With support from all of you we were able to hit the 200.000 € benchmark this year. Thanks to all vets and animal owners who supported us. We would also like to thank our sponsors who financed the costs of this year’s vaccination day. Their support allows us to use all donations directly for project activities.

Advocacy Advocacy means to us to defend the interests of our specific target group – people depending on livestock keeping, i.e. pastoralists and agro-pastoralists – right here in Europe and to ensure that they receive the necessary respect and visibility. Consequently we participate in actions and panels, where their problems are discussed. In July we were invited to present a paper at the International South Sudan/Sudan Conference organised under the umbrella of the Bonn International Centre for Conversion (BICC) at the University of Bonn on the topic “Fighting for resources – What can development cooperation contribute to peaceful conflict resolution among agro-pastoralists in South Sudan?”. Tinega Ong’ondi, our Kenyan project manager with longstanding experience in South Sudan, was also asked for an interview broadcasted by Deutsche Welle Radio.At the International Tropentag, held at the University of Göttingen in September, we were even asked to take over the responsibility for a whole panel on “Pastoralism and Rangelands”. Mario Younan, well experienced VSF Germany-veterinary and specialist for camels, joined the team representing VSF Germany directly from Kenya and opened panel discussions with introductory remarks on “Strengthenig Resilience of Pastoralists through Improved Economic Integration”.

Staff members, managing director and board representatives joined for a 3 days‘ retreat in Alfeld to define the new distribution of tasks.

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Networking is crucial for advocacy; therefore we decided to support the umbrella for German organisations working in the field of humanitarian aid and development VENRO more than before. Advocacy means to defend the interests of our target group in the political arena. A good example is our participation at the event of “Engagement fairbindet” organised at the end of May under the auspices of the BMZ (German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development) in Bonn and at the “Flagship-Forum on Food Security” in December in Berlin which was attended by influential top-class opinion leaders. At Bonn we presented our organisation together with other NGOs affiliated with VENRO. We once more informed visitors about the challenges pastoralists and agro-pastoralists have to face, especially with recurrent droughts at the Horn of Africa. When BMZ-Minister Dirk Niebel passed by, we immediately used the chance to remind him of our organisation and our work – since he was just back from Northern Kenya, where he had visited a project we implement jointly with the GIZ.Throughout the year we tried our best to strengthen direct contacts to the Foreign Office, the BMZ and the Ministry for Agriculture. We also approached politicians from all parties represented in Federal Parliament and at the level of Lower Saxony. We made sure to defend the (agro-)pastoralists’ interests at EU-level in the different commissions concerned. Already in February, we were invited by the EU in collaboration with the African Union to participate in the “Brussels Development Policy Briefings”, since the topic discussed was “New challenges and opportunities for pastoralism”.In May, we also sent a represe--ntative to a conference called for by the Development-Commission of the European Parliament with the topic “Elevage paysan et changement climatique”. Successful advocacy is based on good networking. We

consequently intensified our collaboration within our umbrella VSF Europa, e.g. by supporting the coordinator in the write up of a concept paper on livestock and climate change.

Global LearningGlobal Learning targets first and foremost groups in Germany and Europe. It aims at creating more understanding for the specific problems people in development countries depending on livestock keeping have to face – the best way of initiating this mutual learning process is to foster direct exchange between groups from Africa and Europe. Ideally this leads to improvement of mutual understanding and can motivate groups in Germany to get engaged in direct support. Global Learning this year still focused on a revival of contacts to veterinary students’ groups at the different universities in Hannover, München, Berlin and Leipzig. In future we plan to reach out to other specific target groups (e.g.school students, elderly people) to get their support for VSF Germany activities in Germany and Europe.Volunteers from Hannover and München supported us at the International Tropentag in Göttingen; for them a unique chance to get more background information on latest issues on the agenda of scientific discussions on pastoralism. Once more, thanks a lot to all of you for your support!In December we could organise for the first time a seminar on pastoralism at the Veterinary Section of the FU Berlin; and what is more: we had the chance to introduce “NomadSed” to the students participating – a game developed by the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research in Leipzig. It aims at sensitizing players on the specific opportunities and challenges pastoralists have to face all over the world. We are looking forward to introduce it at many different forums.

When visiting Hannover HQ, Tinega Ong‘ondi used the opportunity to share his experience in reality of project implementation in South Sudan with the student group

of School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover

Board representative and staff member supported by students from Hannover and München at our stand during the Tropentag held at Göttingen University.

MembershipsVENRO – umbrella organisation of development non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Germany, BonnVEN – The Association for Development Politics of Lower Saxony, HannoverLandesnetzwerk Mecklenburg-Vorpommern e.V., RostockSociety of Friends of the School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover

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The auditing company Deloitte & Touche GmbH, Hanover, performed the audit of VSF Germany’s annual statement according to § 317 HGB (German Commercial Code), with regard to the generally accepted standards for the audit of financial statement as determined by the Institute of German Public Auditors.“Our audit has not led to any reservations. In our opinion, based on the findings of our audit, the annual financial statements of Tierärzte ohne Grenzen e.V. [VSF Germany], Hanover/Germany, comply with the legal requirements.” Excerpt from auditing certificate by the auditors Deloitte & Touche GmbH, Hanover.

Please get back to us for further information. The Audit Report 2012 is available on request.

Income and expenditure account by type of expenditure in accordance with the DZI definitionThe German Institute for Social Issues (DZI) awards yearly the DZI Seal-of-Approval after applying of the organisation.Vétérinaires sans Frontières Germany is holder of the DZI Seal-of-Approval since 2005 which says that VSF Germany is using funds very carefully and for the purpose mentioned in its statute.

General InformationThe annual financial statement to 31st December 2012 was prepared in accordance with the German Commercial Code (HGB).For the financial year 2012 the corporation meets the rules for a small corporation entities as set out in section 267, passage 1 HGB. Advantage was taken by the dimension depending facilliations for small corporate entities as per section 288 passage 1 HGB. The annual accounts have been adapted to the special features of the association pursuant to section 265, passage 5 and 6 HGB. The income and expediture account was prepared in accordance with the total cost method. Value-added tax (VAT) is included in the costs of fixed assets and in expenses insofar as the association is not entitled to deduct input taxes.

Accounting PoliciesFixed assets are stated at cost and, where they refer to items subject to wear and tear, less regular depreciation based on the customary useful life or the lower attributable value pursuant to section 253, passage 3 and clause 3, HGB.Depreciation is charged on a straight line. A useful life ranging from 3 to 10 years is used at the depreciation basis for operational and business equipment. For assets with a cost price of between € 150,00 and € 1.000,00, a compound item was created which is depreciated over 5 years.Accounts receivables and other assets as well as cash are stated at their nominal value. Identifiable risks are appropriately taken into account by means of value adjustments. Above all, lump-sum allowance was taken as basis.Foreign-currency accounts receivables are entered at the December info euro exchange rate. Long-term accounts receivables do not exist.Currency gains are shown under other income, currency losses under other expediture.Reserves are built-up, used and dissolved in accordance with the statutory requirements under tax law. Provisions are formed for uncertain liabilities and identifiable risks at the amount of expected utilisation. Liabilities are enteretd at the amount payable.Foreign currency payables are entered at the December info euro exchange rate. Long-term liabilities do not exist. Currency gains are shown under other income, currency losses under other expediture.

Other disclosuresThe business of the association is managed by the managing director (appointed by the executive board). Stand-alone Managing Director is Mr. Willhelm Dühnen, Veterinary, resident of Nairobi/Kenia. He is exempt from section 181 BGB (German Civil Code).Advantage has been taked by the facilliation of section 286, passage 4 HGB for the accounts year.

Description 2012 Total Expenses project funding

Expenses Project support

Expenses Campaign and Education work

Expenses Fundraising & general PR

Expenses Administration

Expenses taxable economic business

Expenses of projects passed on to project partners 544.669 544.669 Personnel expenses 2.597.795 1.482.003 804.325 49.962 123.155 138.351 Amortisation 25.697 14.287 8.832 2.578 Other operating expenses 4.293.301 Project equipment and activities 3.254.195 541.386 Other miscellenous operating expenses and taxes 58.171 316.563 6.972 46.656 62.530 6.829 2012 Total 7.461.462 5.353.324 1.671.105 56.934 169.811 203.459 6.829 2012 Total in % 100% 72% 22% 1% 2% 3% 0,09%

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Income 2012 Expenses 2012

Project funding € 5.353.324 (72%)

Campaigns and education work € 56.934 (1%)Fundraising & general PR € 169.811 (2%)

Project support € 1.671.105 (22%)

Taxable economic business € 6.829 (< 1%)Administration € 203.459 (3%)

Other operating income € 281.342 (4%)Income from economica tax business € 7.396 (< 1%)

Donations, Membership fees & assigned Fine € 432.415 (6%)Institutional Grants € 6.711.781 (90%)

Interest and similar income € 1.768 (< 1%)

Income and expenditure account by type of expenditure in accordance with the DZI definitionThe German Institute for Social Issues (DZI) awards yearly the DZI Seal-of-Approval after applying of the organisation.VSF Germany is holder of the DZI Seal-of-Approval since 2005 which says that VSF Germany is using funds very carefully and for the purpose mentioned in its statute.

Development of the number of projects from 2009 until 2012 by countriesThe number of projects has increased from 27 in 2011 to 36 in 2012. The level of grants depends thereby on the contents of the relevant projects. In 2012, the major projects were PARIS (€ 855 thousands, of which project partners: € 90 thousands), La Nina II & III (€ 775 thousands, of which project partners € 47 thousands) and RAPID I & II (€ 638, of which project partners € 94 thousands).

2009 2010 2011 2012

Ethiopia 0 0 1 2

Kenya 10 6 8 11

Somalia 9 8 9 7

Sudan 0 0 1 4

South Sudan 5 6 6 11

cross-border Ethiopia / Kenya 0 2 2 1

TOTAL 24 22 27 36

Number of realized projects

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Classification of institutional funds 2012 to project sectorsMany of our projects show activities in different project sectors. In that case the classification of the project has been carried out based on the main activity.

Regional project promotion of institutional funds in 2012

 Animal Health 30%

Food Safety 7%Agriculture 3%

Food Security 16%

Drought Preparedness / - Response 14%Peace Buiding 12%

Income Generation 16%

Other 2%

Development of institutional funds from 2009 until 2012Every year, VSF Germany acquires public funds from various donors, such as the European Commission, ECHO (European Commission - Humanitarian Aid & Civil Protection) or USAID (United States Agency for International Development).The majority of institutional donors requires a so-called co-funding which means that the institutional donors only cover 75 to 90% of the project costs. The remaining 10 to 25% have to be covered by other resources such as donations, membership fees, assigned fines and grants given by corporations. That kind of private funding is essential for the implementation of projects.

Funding Institution 2009 2010 2011 2012AU IBAR -€ € 291.290 € 426.465 -€ BMZ -€ € - € 149.637 689.741€ CORDAID 99.963€ € 60.127 € - -€ DIAKONIE -€ € - € - 7.650€ EU 584.115€ € 1.314.385 € 1.337.394 1.531.583€ ECHO 1.575.902€ € 923.072 € 1.014.834 964.945€ Embassy of France - South Sudan -€ € - € - 467.290€ FAO 139.989€ € 16.828 € 34.354 418.986€ German Federal Foreign Office 10.187€ € 3.094 € - 20.660€ IFA zivik -€ € - € 64.726 90.003€ IOM 12.908€ € 51.269 € - 16.646€ MARF 36.410€ € 436.754 € - -€ UNDP 702.551€ € 273.164 € 131.562 116.748€ USAID / OFDA 145.959€ € 175.710 € 577.938 842.534€ UN OCHA -€ € - € 335.282 585.781€ WELLCOME TRUST 45.732€ € 45.121 € - -€ Save the children Canada -€ € - € 22.325 59.882€ Transfer to Project partners 1.599.289€ € 543.503 € 720.658 544.669€ Project Adminstration 246.474€ € 233.267 € 241.620 354.664€ Total Institutional Grants 5.199.480€ 4.367.583€ 5.056.795€ 6.711.781€

Somalia € 769.141South Sudan € 2.038.713

Kenya € 2.007.070

Ethiopia € 585.781Sudan € 222.977

cross-border Ethiopia / Kenya € 188.766

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Structure

The Voluntary Board of Directors*Dr. Frajo Siepelmeyer has been Chairman since 2006. He has been committed to the organisation as a board member since 2000. The vet is responsible for the coordination of the board of directors and for public relations.

Dr. Olaf Bellmann is the longest-serving board member. He has been supporting the organisation since 1997. He was Chairman from 1997 until 2006. He is a public service employee and is responsible for personnel management and organisational development at VSF Germany.Prof. Dr. Gerald-F. Gerlach has been a board member since 2010. The CEO of a veterinary diagnostic laboratory is in charge of VSF Germany´s financial matters.

Dr. Klaus Lorenz has been a board member since 2006. He is a specialist vet for tropical veterinary medicine and is an employee in public services. At VSF Germany he is responsible for projects and organisational development.Dr. Daniel Zaspel has been a board member since 2010. The practicing vet is in charge of projects and public relations

*Composition of the Board of Directors as of March 2012

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Dr. Wilhelm Dühnen has been Managing Director of VSF Germany since 2009. He joined VSF Germany in the year 2002 and initially supported the team as head of the regional office in Nairobi. Sarah Agare, Head of Finance, joined VSF Germany in 2006 and has been the Head of Finance since April 2008. She previously worked for 5 years for the European Commission as an accountant/logistician.Bruno Gonzalez, Head of Programme, joined VSF Germany in September 2011. Since more than 15 years, he is working in the humanitarian aid and development sector in the Balkans, Pakistan, DRC, RoC, Sudan, Kenya and Somalia.Gladys Anya, Head of Hr & Admin, joined VSF Germany in March 2001 from General Motors East Africa. She oversees the Hr & Admin management function for the five countries in the East and Horn of Africa. Michael Ayimba, Head of Logistics, is the one in charge of all procurements for working materials needed in the projects, including cars. His department is also responsible for all flight bookings.Katja Mathan, Head of Office in Hanover, joined VSF Germany in April 2009. She is in charge of administration including official contacts to donors and fundraising.

Boards of Directorsguides the organisation• determines and controls the managing director• represents VSF Germany in public•

Audit & Risk Committeesperform internal audits• assess risks• advise MD & board•

Assembly of Full Memberselects the board• decides on annual budget and directions• determines the statutes•

Managing Director

Headquarters Germany (HQ)fundraising• public relations• advocacy• global learning• compliance & liaison•

Regional Office Nairobi (RON)finances• personal• project development• logistics• monitoring and evaluation•

Country Offices Kenya; Ethiopia; Sudan; South Sudan, Somalia

implementation of projects• relations within host country•

Our Salaried Staff - Annual Average 2012 2011Domestic staff: 7 4Staff abroad: 200 166Total staff: 207 170

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Dr. Wilhelm DühnenExecutive Director VSF Germany

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With one drought behind us, the next already looms at the horizon. An understanding for this basic fact has been developed after 2011 when many people died from hunger in some parts of Eastern Africa. Not “drought response” measures but “drought preparedness” is the appropriate approach to cope with recurring droughts. These droughts are partially of natural origin in arid and semi-arid areas that have little water surplus in “regular” years anyway and only allow for marginal use. On the other hand, however, they can also be human-made: global climate change, population growth in certain regions, and expansion of alternative land use that limits grazing grounds. Experts are working hard to identify effective solutions: “Drought cycle management”, “Drought Risk Reduction”, “Drought Preparedness”, “Sustainable Holistic Resource Management” – these are technical terms to describe the approaches that aid agencies apply to tackle a recurring problem with enduring impact. For them, drought is a description of a condition one can prepare for in order to avoid crisis. One may not be able to reduce the need for emergency assistance of food aid (“drought response”) to zero. However, one can minimise this need and act effectively before a drought occurs. Interventions relating to animal husbandry which constitutes the main source of income for people in these areas will become more and more relevant. It must be possible to prevent masses from animals from dying even in a drought, e. g., by ensuring their use before they die. That would certainly constitute a progress in terms of economics and, moreover, from an animal protection point of view that VSF Germany feels committed to. Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), small ruminants‘ pest, is an infectious disease of sheep and goat similar to rinderpest. It mainly threatens the livelihood of small-scale animal keepers that cannot afford cattle. This disease that so far had not been reported from South of the Sahel has been spreading recently. Encouraged by the success in eradicating rinderpest the international veterinarians of OIE, FAO and the African Union’s Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources and their donors have decided to put the eradication of PPR on the agenda. It will be a very long endeavour since cases can be found from Turkey to Zambia, from the Atlantic Ocean to India. A pilot phase will start in Ethiopia’s Afar and Somali regions. VSF Germany has been asked to be a partner in this project. We have been working since three years in the Afar region fighting animal diseases. Therefore, we see it as recognition of our work to be asked to contribute in this important endeavour. VSF Germany has expanded its portfolio continuously in the last years. We have become a major development partner in Eastern Africa regarding rural development. In Sudan, South Sudan, Kenya, Ethiopia, and Somalia VSF Germany is running projects. We will do our best to further enlarge our area of operations. Best regards

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BMZ German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development CHF Common Humanitarian Fund of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA) DKH Diakonie Katastrophenhilfe ECHO European Commission Humanitarian Aid & Civil Protection EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit HRF Human Rights Foundation ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IOM International Organization for Migration IFA zivik Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen e.V. - zivile Konfliktbearbeitung INFRAID Indigenous Forest Resources Awareness in Improvement of Diet INRM Integrated Natural Resource Management MARF Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries NGO Non-gonvernmental Organisation OFDA Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance

OIE World Organisation for Animal Health PISP Provincial Integration Support Program SEDA Sudan Emergency and Development Agency SSP South Sudanese Pound TSF Télécoms Sans Frontières UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund UNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian AffairsUSAID United States Agency for International Development VSF Vétérinaires Sans Frontières (Veterinarians Without Borders) VSF B Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Belgium VSF CH Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Suisse VSF G Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Germany WAHID World Animal Health Information Database WCDO World Concern Development Organization

Abbreviations

Tierärzte ohne Grenzen e. V. Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Germany HeadquartersBischofsholer Damm 1530173 HannoverGermany

Telephone: + 49-511 856 79 95Fax: + 49-511 856 82 79 95E-Mail: info@togev.de Website: www.vsfg.de

Responsible in terms of Press Law: Dr. Frajo Siepelmeyer, ChairmanEditors: Kristin Resch (chief editor), Dr. Elisabeth Hartwig, Dr. Wilhelm Dühnen, Beate Hillwig, Cornelia HeineLayout: Florence Koopmann, Kristin Resch, Dr. Elisabeth Hartwig, Judith Freund

All texts are subject to the copyright of Tierärzte ohne Grenzen e.V. (VSF Germany).

Pictures: Copyright Deutsche Botschaft Khartum p. 12 C. Gödan Cover 1 bottom right, p.15 F. Schuh p. 1, p. 27 (Board of Directors and Wilhelm Dühnen), p. 28 All others: Tierärzte ohne Grenzen e.V. / VSF Germany

Chicken rearing is for women a very successful tool for earning their own living.

Donation Account 043 43 43 300 • Hannoversche Volksbank • Bank Code 251 900 01IBAN: DE 53 25 19 0001 0434 34 33 00 • BIC: VOHABE2HXX

Tierärzte ohne Grenzen e. V.Headquarters • Bischofsholer Damm 15 • 30173 Hannover • GermanyTelephone: +49 511-953 79 95Fax: +49 511-953 82 79 95info@togev.de • www.togev.de

Vétérinaires Sans Frontières GermanyRegional Office Nairobi

P.O. Box 25653 - 00603Ngong Road, Piedmont Plaza Nairobi, Kenya

Tel. +254 (0) 20 3870378Fax +254 (0) 20 3873676

info@vsfg.org • www.vsfg.org