By Authority OfTHE UNITED STATES OF AMERICALegally Binding
DocumentBy the Authority Vested By Part 5 of the United States Code
552(a) and Part 1 of the Code of Regulations 51 the attached
document has been duly
INCORPORATEDBYREFERENCEandshallbeconsideredlegally
bindinguponallcitizensandresidentsoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica. HEED
THIS NOTICE: Criminal penalties may apply for noncompliance.
Official Incorporator:THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOROFFICE OF THE FEDERAL
REGISTERWASHINGTON, D.C.Document Name: CFR Section(s): Date of
Action: eANSI B20.1-1957: Safety Code for Conveyors, Cableways, and
Related Equipment.29 CFR 1926.55539 FR 23502, June 27, 1974----__
,,-----------------------o o o o o AMERICANSTANDARD Reproduced By
GLOBALJ' ENGINEERING DOCUMENTS With 11,0 Pennission or ASME
;:;Under Ag.rccmen\ I I I I I I I BJD./ ..-/ q7d.-.If. f", .. I I I
I I ,\\..', ',':,CONVEYORS, . I I , >...." :'."",.,,,',-."",'
"I'I,," r,'1,1 ,'. '.,'" 1;. ,, .. " I ',"I:' ,I',"t' ,.
820.1-1957UDC821.878-783 --- .-..... Spon JarJ
AccidentPreventionDepartmentoftheAssociatlon
ofCasualtyandSuretyCompanies
TheAmericanSocietyafMechanicalEngineers I I I I I I I I I I I. I I
CABLEWAYS ANDRELATED EQUIPMENT , ,
THEAMERICANSOCIETYOFMECHANICAl.ENGINEERS UnitedEngineeringCenter.
345E.47thStreet.HewYork,N.Y.10017 o o o .',.,; :1::". ,. " I,
""",:I', .. ','. ' ":..'. , "'.. "... ' .,. .'....": AMERICAN:
,NATIONAL,ST AHDARD' "',;':,'". Thisstandardis
4000approvedaseitheraUSA Standardoros It' becamean 'American
Standard' in the:Institute'its nametoAmericanNationat'
.In'stitute',Inc. Copyright,1958,by
THEAMERICANSOCIETYOFMECHANICALENGINEERS Printed inU.S.A. Foreword
SUBSEQUENTtothepUblicationofthe1947editionofAmerican
StnndnrdSafetyCode(orConveyors,Cableways,andRelated
Equipment(ASAB20.1-1947) SectionnlCommittee1320whichwas
developedu'nderth'c'procedureoftheAmeri-cnn -StnndnrdsA ssoci
a-cion,wnll' inFebruAry,1950.Iethenbecameknownas
SectionnlCommittee(1320)onSafetyCodeforConveyorsand
RelntedEquipment.Atchattimesponsorshipfortheprogrnmwas
oHeredtonndacceptedbytheAccidentPreventionDepartment
oftheAssociltcionofCnsuR!CrnndSuretyCompaniesnndThe
AmericAnSocietyofMcchnnicnEngineers.
SubcommitteeNo.1onScopenndIntentrevisedthescopeof thenewlyorgnni
zedproj ectto' nppl >'todes construction,in-
mnintenltnce,inspection,andoper3tionofconveyorsand
conveyingsystemsinrelAtiontoaccidenthazards.Conveyors
coveredbythecodeincludesuchitemsaspowerconveyors, gravity
conve}'ors,pneumatictubecableways,skip hoists,vertical
reciprocatingconveyorsnndpowerunloadingscoops,exceptin-dustrialpowertrucks,tieringmachines,cranes,derricks,joints,
powerIlndhnndshovels,bucketdruglines,movingstairways,
dumbwaiters,mnnlifcs,andplatformelevatorsdesignedtocarry
passengersortheelevator operator.
SubcommitteeNo.2onNomenclatureandDefinitions,Subcom-mitteeNo.2onPo'rtableConveyors,andSubcommitteeNo.4on
ConveyorsinGeneralhavebeenactiveinthepreparationofa
revisionofthecode,andadraftdatedApril,1955,wasdistributed
toindustryforcriticismandcomment.Itwaslaterapprovedby
sectionalcommitteeletterballotvote,bythesponsors,andby
theAmericanStandardsAssociationwhichdesignateditasan
AmericanStandardonDecember4,1957 Anyof
thisstandardmaybequoted.Creditlinesshould
read:'ExtractedfromAmerican StandardSafety
CodeforCon-veyors,Cableways,andRelatedEquipment(ASA820.1-1957)
withthe permissionof thepublisher,TheAmerican Societyof
MechanicalEngineers,29Jr;.39thSt.,NewYork18,N.Y. c) (J o
SectionalCommitteeonSafetyCodefor Conveyors,Cableways, and
RelatedEquipment, B20 J.C.Webb,Chairman,
H.n.Alexander,H.n.Alexllnder&.Son,Inc.,HarrIsburg,Pa.,rep.
Al80clatedGtn'l.ContrllctorsofAmericl,Inc.
R.L.Auchmury,MiningEngr.,EllVensonAuchmuty,Plttlbuf&n,Pa.,
rep.CoalMinln&Inlltitute ofAmerica
G.II.nannermln,G35ColumbiaDrive,SiriMareo,'CalU."Memberat tarAt!
P.ulBerg,ProfeulonalEngr ...t>6 TrllnsferBuildIng,FortWayne,
Ind.,rep.GrilinandFeedDealeuNationalAilloc. M.S.
Dowen,Dlr.ofEn8f8'Rellcalch,MathewlIConnyor Co., El
woodCley,PI.,rep.ConveyorEquipmentManufacturersAlloe.
R.R.Brotherton,BaySute MillingCo.,Winona,Minn.,rep.Anoe.
ofOperlltiveMillers H.R.Drown,SeniorEngt.,Bureauof
Mines,U.S.Dept.oftheInterior,
Wunlnston,D.C"rep.NationalFireProtectionAlloc.
R.H.Carrutheu,DistrictSafctyEn8f.,LumbermensMutualCuualty
Co.,Phllildelphlll,PIl.,rep.NationalAuoc.ofMutUAlCuualty Co.
P.II.Chriltensen,VIcePres.,DunnHarringtonCo.,Minneapolis,
Minn.,rep.TerminalElevatorGrainMerchantsAssoc.
HarryDnerall,30ChurchStreet,NewYork,N.Y.,Memberatluge J.
A.Dickinson,Chief,CodesandSpecificationsSection,National
Burea.uofStandards,U.S.Dept.ofCommerce,Washington,D.C.,
rep.NationalBureauofStandards
W.G.Engler,Gen.StandardsDept.,Gifford-WoodCo.,Hudson,N.Y.,
Memberatlarge. S.C.Ewing,Engfg.Section,IndustryControl Gen.
Co.,Roanoke,Va.,rep.NationalElectricalMfg.Assoc.
P.D.Germond,ChiefEngr.,RevolutorCo.,NorthBergen,NewJersey,
Memberatlarge.,', W.D.Goad,The
OliverCorp.,IndustrialDivision,Chicago,' Ill., Memberatlarge, J .
A.HaUer,Dit.ofSafety,Dept.ofLaborandIndustry,Baltimore,
Md.,rep.InternationalAssoc.of GovernmentalLabor Officials
S.B.Hansen,IndustrialEngrg.&ConstructionDept.Internatio'nal
HarvesterCo.,Chicago,111.,rep.AmericanFoundrymen'sSociety E.J.
Heimer,Vice Pres.,Barrett-CravensCo.,NorthbrOok,Ill.,'
Memberatlarge''
C.H.Hubbell,ChiefEngr.,SauermanBros.,Bellwood,Ill.,Member atlarge'
W.G.Hudson,Cons.Engr.,5541EverettAve.,Chicago,m., rep.
TheAmericanSociety of Mechanic8.lEngineers.
H.e.Keller,Engtg.Mgt.,LamsonCorporation,Syracuse, N.Y., Memberat
large J.N.LiD'a,Kahn&Jacobs,NewYork,N.Y.,rep.AmericanInstitute
ofArchitect R.W.Malllck,Doz159A,Route00R.O.I,Murrysville,Penna.
MemberIt J. J.McNultl,Pru., ,.
J.McNulta&Associates,Inc.,NewYork, N.V.Membe.ratlalgC!
H.C.McQueen,StlndaudsDept.,ChevroletCentralOHiceDiv.,
Gen'lMotorlCorp.,Detroit,Mich.,Memberatlarge
L.O.Millard,Mgr.,DulkHandlin!,AmericanMaterialsHandling
Saclety,lric.,Toledo,Ohio,rep.'Amer'ic:iinMaterials' HlLndling
SoclC'ty,Inc.
Y.E.Monc&omery,Safe(yDIrector,KennethD.S.Robertson,Ltd.,
MODtreal,Que.Canida,rep.AmericanSocietyofSafetyEngrs.
P.T.OaderdoDk,IntpectloaEn8r.,Con.EdisonCo.,ofNewYork,
Inc.,NewYork,N.Y.,rep.EdisonElectricInstitute
C.G.PIcHler,360FIsherROlld,J enklncown,PIl.,rep.TheAmerican
Soc:IetyofMechAnicalEn8lneera
II.C.Plummer,Dlr.,Engr!.&Technology,StructuralClayProd.
Inlcltutc:,Wuhlngton,D.C.,rep.,StructuralClayProd.Institute'
W.F.Schacdlaer,8521lludson Doulevard,NorthDergen,N.J..rep.
GrllinEleutor &ProcessingSuperintendents C.S.
Schroeder,Dir.ofRe.eatch,TheYale&TowneMEg.Co.,
ValleyFor,ge,Pa.,Memberatlarge A.J. Shay,
ZurichInsuranceCo.,Chicago,Ill.,rep.Accident
PreventionDept.oftheAssoc.ofCasualty&SuretyCo. F.J.
Shepard,Jr.,Treasurer,Lewis-ShepardProducts,
Watertown,Mass.,Memberatlargc
B.A.Smich,VicePresident&Secretary,TheC.O.Bartlett8Snow
Co.,Cleveland, Ohio,Memberatlarge
R.C.Sollenberger,ExecutiveVicepores.,ConveyorEquipment
Mfg.Assoc.,Washington,D.C., 'Memberatlarge
L.P.Sowlel,ConsultingEngr.,8725S. W.WhiteP incLane,Port-I
and,Oregon,Memberatlarge, '
J.T.Sullivan,InternationalAssoc.oEMachinists,NewYorle,
N.Y.,rep.InternationalAssoc.ofMachinists Paul Suloff,Goodyear Tire
&.RubberCo.,Akron,"Ohio,rep. RubberManufacturersAssoc..
W.E.Tracy,Managcr,.SalesDevelopmentSection,' Sturtevant
Div.,WestinghouseElectric Corp.,Boston,Mass.,rep.Air
MovingandConditioningAssoc.,Inc. J. C. Webb,Jr.,
Pres.andGen'IManager,JervisB.WebbCo.,
Detroit,Mich.,rep.TheAmericanSocietyof MechanicalEngr. T.F.
Whalen,Asst.Mgr.,Royal-GlobeInsurance Group,NewYork,'
N.Y.,rep.AccidentPreventionDepartmentofthe Assoc.of
Casualty&SwetyCo. C) ,I \ AmericanStandard SafetyCodefor
Co,nveyo rs,Ca bleways,and Rei atedEquipment INTRODUCTION Generl1l
Theuse ofconveyorsinindustrial nndcommercial businesses
hasreducedtheaccidenthazardsresultingfromthemanual
handlingofmaterial s.Amoregeneral amongboth
manufacturersnndusersofconveyingequipmentastosaIe
practiceinthedesign,install ationandoperationof suchequip.
mentwouldundoubtedlyleadtofurtherelimi nationofsuch
accidenthazards. Thiscodeisdesignedasabasisforsafetycodesandasa
guideforstateauthoritiesintheformulationofstatesafety
rulesandregulations.Itisa1 sointendedforvoluntaryuseby
concernsmanufacturingorutilizingconveyormachinery.and equipment.Thi
scodemaybe byanysuchconcernas a.
standardtobefollowedbyitssuperintendents,foremen,
designers,mechanics.andoperators.
Thedesignandinstallationofallconveyorsystemsshould
beinthehandsofcompetentengineers,andtheiroperation
andmaintenanceshouldbe'inchargeofreliableandexperi-encedpersons.Someinstallationsmayrequireindividual
treatmenttomeetunusualconditions,andsuchtreatmentis recommended'in'
allcase swhereahighersafetyfactor'than thatspecifiedinthiscodeis
necessary.Thiscodeis'intended tocover.
allinstallationsoftherelatedmaterialhandlingand
passenger.conveyors,.eitherwheretheinstallationisofa
permanentnatureorisonlytemporary Iorwhereinstallations forpermanent
usearearrangedforportableoperation. 7 AMERICANSTANDARD
Section1Scope Thiscodeisintendedasaguideforthesafeconstruction,
elementsof design,installation.operationandmaintenanceof
conveyorsand machinery,suchas powerconveyors,
gravityconveyors,pneumatictubes,cablewa}'s,etc.,butnot including
undergroundmine conveyors, selfpropelled, steerable
industrialtrucksand machines..
Thiscodeshallapply(withtheexceptionsnotedabove)to
allconveyorinstallationsexceptingthoseinstallationswhere
itcanbethatadherencetotheprovisionsofthe:-code
wouldnullifytheusefulnessof theconve>'or. Section2Referenceto
Other Codes Thefollowingcodesandstandardsshouldbereferredto
whendesigning,installing,and operatingconveyorsorconvey
ingmachinery.. SafetyCodeforMechanicalPowerTransmissionApparatus
(ASAB 15.1-1953) NationalElectricalCode(ASACl-1953)
NationalSafetyCode(ASAC2) SafetyCode(orElevators,Oumb
....aiters,andEscalators (ASAA17.1-1955) ..
SafetyCodeforCranes;'Oerricks,andHoists(ASA830.2-1943;reaffirmed1952)
Specifications for Steel forBridges
andBuildings(ASAG24.1-1947)(ASTMA7-1946) SafetyColorCodefor
PhysicalHazardsandthe
IdentificationofCertainEquipment(ASAZ53.1-1953) CodeforFloor
andWallOpenings,Railings,andToe Boards(ASAAI2-1932)
SafetyCode(orPortableWoodLadders(ASAA14.1-1952) Safety
CodesforthePreventionofDustExplosions(ASA Z12) AS
MEBoilerandPressureVesselCode BuildingExits Code(ASAA9.1-1953)
Thiscodeshallbeconsideredassupplementarytoanylaw
orcodecoveringfireor heal thregulationsinforceatpresent. 8 () '"
-_/ o o SAFETYCODEFORCONVEYORS Section3Intent
Thepurposeofthiscodeistoprovideconveyingequipment
withpracticalandadequatesAfetyfeaturesand{actorsof
safetyandtoprovide(oritssl1(eoperationandmaintenance.
InCRseofpracticaldiHicultyorunnecessaryhardshiptheen-forcingauthoritymnygrantexceptionsfromtheliteralrequire-mentsorpermittheuseofotherdevicesormethods,butonly
whenitisclcl\dyevidentthntsafetyisthereby 8 e cu red.'
Itissuggestedthatincaseswhereadditionalexplanations
aredesiredthatsuchmllttersbereferredtotheSectionalCom-mitteeonSlifetyCode(orConveyors,Cablewa>,sandRelated
Equipment,820,inclU'eofTheAmericanSocietyofMechan-icalEngineers,29WeRt39thStreet,NewYork18,N.Y.Such
consultationwilltendtobringaboutuniformapplicationofthe
codeandwillkeepthecommitteeinformedofcriticismswhich
willbeconsideredwhenthecodeisrevised.
Section4MandatoryandAdvisoryRules
Tocarryouttheprovisionsofthiscodetheword"shall"is
tobeunderstoodasmandatoryandtheword"should"asad-visory.Theword"approved"meansap"provedbytheauthority
havingjurisdiction. -, Section5Definitions 501GeneralDefini tion
Conveyor.Ahorizontal,inclined,orverticaldevIce'for
movingortransportingbulkmaterial s,packages,objects,or
passengersina pathpredetermined bythedesignofthe device,
andhavingpointsofloadingordischargefixedorselective;
includedareskiphoists,andverticalreciprocatingconveyors;
typicalexceptions arethose devices knownas industrial trucks,
tractorsandtrailers,tieringmachines,cranes,hoists,,mono-rails,powerandhandshovels.powerscoops,
bucket drag lines, platformelevatorsdesignedto passengers
ortheelevator operator,movingstairways,andhighway,orrailvehicles.
502DefinitionsofConveyorstowhich 'Specific Safety ProvisionsApply.
Thefollowingdefinitionsareinaccordwiththoseinuseby
theconveyorindustryandasrecommendedinthedictionaryof terms,Conveyor
TermsannDefinitions,(Prepared bythe Tech-9 AMERICANSTANDARD
nicalCommitteeof the GonveyorEquipment
ManufacturersAs-sodation).Onlycommonlyknownanddistincttypesofcon-veyors
are listed.Where'variations or adaptations are concerned
therulesgoverningrelatedconveyorsaslistedshallapply.
DeltConveyer.Anendlessfabric,rubber,plastic,leathe'r,
ormetalbeltwhichcarriesbulkmaterials,packages,orob-jects,placeddirectlyuponit;andpulley
sforchangingthe
directionofbelttravel,drivingandadjusting;androllers I
uoughingidlers,orwoodenor'meta'l'bedsupportingthebelt anditsload.''
BucketConveyor.Anytypeofconveyorinwh
ichthema-terialiscaniedinaseriesofbuckets.SeeBucketElevator,
Gravity-DischargeConveyor,andPivotedBucketConveyor underSection503.
Cable way.;..cablesupportedsysteminwhichthematerial
handlingcarriersarenotdetachedfromtheoperatingspan
andthetraveliswhollywithinthespan.
Cableway,SlackLineorDragUne,Excavator.Acable
supportedsysteminwhichthesupportingcableisadjusted
inlengthtoprovidetheliftingfunctionsofthe
ChainConveyor.Anytypeofconveyorinwhichoneor
morechainsactastheconveyingelement.Forspecificap-plicationssee,Drag,Rolling,andSlidingChainConveyors
underSection503. DragLineExcavator.SeeCableway,SlackLine.
Live-Roller Conveyor.Aseriesofrollers over whichpack-agesorob;
ectsare' movedby theapplicationofsuitable power':
meanstoallorapartofthe " PneumaticConveyor.Asy
sternoftubesorductsthrough'
whichobjectsor'bulkmaterialsareconveyedinapressure' and/or
vacuumsystem. PortableConveyor,Anytypeoftransportableconveyor
usuallymountedonmobilesupports. PowerConveyor.Anytypeof
conveyortowhichelectrical, mechanical,hydraulicorpneumaticenergyis
applied. ReciprocatingConveyor,Vertical.Apowerorgravity
(counterbalanced)actuatedcarrier whichreceivespackagesor
objectsanddischargesthemtoanotherorotherelevations,. 10 c) o
SAFETYCODEFORCONVEYORS
UollcrConfJeyor.Aseriesofrollerssupportedinaframe
overwhichpackagesorobjectsaremovedmanually,bygravity, orbypower.
ScrC!frConveyor.Arevolvingpipeorshaftonwhichis
mountedhelicallyshapedfliFhtingwhichservestoconvey bulkmnterials
aoradefinedpath. SI aJCmweyor.Oneormoreendles
schninstowhichnon-ovcrlappinE!, spacedslatsareattachedto
(onnnmovingsurportforthepackagesorobjectsbeingcon-vcy"d.SIn
tconvc),orsbn becn, caHed'apronconveyors.
SUfI{J(mriedTrayContJc)'Or.Oneormoreendlesschains
withsuitnblependantera},gorcarrierswhichreceiveand deliver
packagesorobjectsatoneormorelocations. Tramway.A
cablesupportedsysteminwhichthetravelof themntcrial
scarriersiscontinuousoverthesupports ofoneormorespans.
Verlt'calConveyor.Generallyspeaking,anyconveyor\\'hich
transportsbulkmaterials,orobjectsinaverticalor
substantiallyverticaldirection.Forthepurposesofthiscode,
thetermappliesspecificallytoconveyorsforhandlingpack-a..R.esorobjects.SeeSusr.cndedTrayConveyorandVertical
ChainConveyor(Oppo,t;cdShelf Type).
VerticalCbainConveyor(OpposedShellType).Twoor morevertical
unitsopposedtoeachother.
Eachunitconsistsofoneormoreendlesschainswhoseadja-centfacingrunsoperatedinparallelpathssothatpairsof
opposingshelvesorbracketsreceivepackagesorobjectsand
deliverthematanynumberof elevations., WheelConveyor.A
ofwheelssupportedinaframe
overwhichpackagesorobjectsaremovedmanually,byforce
ofgravityorbypower. 503Definitions'ofConveY9ftoWhichGeneralSafety
sionsApply;butWhicharenotMentionedSpecifically.
Thissectionisnottolistalltypesofconveyors
orvariationsthereof.Foramorecompleten'omenclatureand
terminologyseeConveyorTermsandDefinitions,(apublica-tionoftheConveyo,rEquipmentManufacturersAssociation
listedasanAmericanStandardMH4-195B.)
ApronConveyor.OneormoreendI"esschains
orotherlink-agetowhichoverlappingorinterlockingplatesorshapesare 11
AMERICANSTANDARD Fla.1.APRONCONVEYOR Fla.2ARMCONVEYOR 12 /"". I\ \j
(J c) o SAFETYCODEFORCONVEYORS
utachedtoformacontinuousmovingbedforbulkmaterial s, orobjects.
ArmConveyor.Anendless belt, one or morechains,or other
linkagetowhichareattachedproj arms,orshelvesfor
packagesorobjectsInavertlcal,inclinedorhori-zontalpllth.' ..
AssemblyConveyor.Anyofseveraltypesofconveyors
adnptedtoconveyassemblies,or partsthroughaseries of
pro-gressiveassemblyopcrations.SeeApronCon v tlj'o
r,SlatCon-veyor,Rolling .and.SlidingChainConveyors,.BeltConveyor,
andTroll eyConveyor,etc... DarrelElevator.SeeAnnConveyor.
BooslerCon v e'yo
r.Oneorseveraltypesofpoweredcon-veyorsusedtoregainelevationlostingravityactuatedcon-veyorlines.
BucketElevator.Aconveyor consisting of anendleAsbelt,
chainorchains,orother linkage,to whichbuckets are attached
forcarrying materials, and which operates invertical or inclined
paths.. Carrou selConveyor.Acontinuousplatformorseriesof
spaccdplatformswhichmoveinacircular path.Note:The term
carrouselhasbeenappliedtootherformsofconveyorssuch
ascar-typeandpallet-type. Car- TypeConveyors.Aseriesofcarsattached
toandpro-pelledbyanendlesschainorotherlinkagewhichoperatesin
adefinedpath. Closed Belt Conveyor.A moving, endless,
flexible,tubular-shaped belt whichmaybe opened or clos ed to load
or discharge whilethebeltIsinmotion.
Cross-BarConveyor.Singleordoublestrands 'ofendless
chainsupportingspaced,removableorattached"sticks",or.'
cross-membersfromwhichmaterialsarehungorfestooned whilebeing
processed..''.. DoubleHelicalBagConveyor.Closelyspaced'parallel
tubeswithrightandleft-handroundedhelicalthreadsrotating
inoppositedirectiononwhichbags of other objects
arewhilebeingconveyed..
DragChainConveyor.Oneormoreendlesschainswhich
dragbulkmaterialsinatroughor alongadefined path.
EnMasseConveyor.Aseriesofskeletonorsolidflights
onanendlesschainorotherlinkagewhichoperatesinhori-13
AMERICANSTANDARD Fla.3BELTCONVEYOR FIG...CAR.TYPECONVEYOR 14 ()
\.,. (J SAFETYCODEFORCONVEYORS
zanca),inclined,orverticalpathswithinacloselyfittedcasing forthe
run.The bulkmaterialis conveyedand elevated
lienmasse"inasubstantiallycontinuousstreamwithafull
cross-sectionofthecasing.
FarmEleva/or.Atermappliedtoanyofseveraltypesof inel ined
Iportableorfixedconveyorsadaptedforuseonfarms
tostoreandmovegrains,cornensilageandothermaterials.
SeeDragChainConv'yor,FlightClnvcyor,ScrewConveyor,
neltConveyor,etc..'", ... Feeder,Aconveyingdevice.
bywhichtherateofdelivery
ofbulkmaterial,pAckngesorobjectsmaybecontrolled.
FestoonConveyor.SeeCross-BarConveyor.
FlightConveyor.Oneor.moreendlesspropellingmediums
,$uch8Schains,orotherlinkage,towhichflightsareattached
tomovebulkmaterial salongadefinedpath.
FloorConveyor,Anyofseveraltypesofconveyorsusing
chain,cableorotherhnkagemountednearorflushwiththe
floor.SecChainConveyor,'CarConveyor,PalletConveyor,
andSlotConvcyor. FlumeConveyor. GravityConveyor. vc yor. Sce11
ydraulicConveyor. SeeR
oiler,Skate-WheelorWheelCan-Gravity-DischargeConveyor.Buckets
attached between two
endlesschainswhichmayoperateinhorizontal,inclined,and
verticalpaths.Bulkmaterialiselevatedinthebucketsand
movedhorizontallybytheiractingasflights.
lJopperCarUn/oader.Aformo(portabledragchain,belt
orflightconveyorwhich,. canbeplacedbeneathorover
therailsforthepurpose ofunloadingbulkmaterialsfromhopper
bottomcars. HydraulicConveyor.A systemofflumes,pipes,ortroughs
throughwhichbulkmaterialisconveyedbymeansofwater or waterjets.' ,
IngotCastingConveyor.A typeofpanconveyoronwhich
thepansserveasmoldsforcastingingotsorpigs.
Loader,Buckel.Formofportable,self-fe'eding,inclined
bucketelevatorforloadingbulkmaterialsintocars,trucks or other
conveyances. 15 .' 16 ' ...SAFETYCODEFORCONVEYORS____ MarineLeg.A
self-feeding,self-dischargingelevatingcon-veyorwithmeansforloweringitintoandremovingitfromthe
holdso(vessels,' OscillatingConveyor,A
typeofvibratingconveyorhaving
arelativelylowerfrequencyandgreateramplitudeofmotion.
SeeVibratingConvc,vor,.' Over-and UnderConveyor,.Two'
endlesschainsorother
linkngebctweenwhichcarriersaremountedandcontrolledin
suchamannerastoremnininthe 'originalc'arrying 'positionat alltimes,
PalletLoader.Anautomaticdevicetor'eceivepackages,
cartons,ctc.,fromaconveyorlinewhichloadsthemonpallets
accordingtoaprearrangedpattern, PalletTypeCOY1veyor,A series'
offlatorshaped wheel-less
carrierspropelledbyandattachedtooneormoreendless
chainsorothcrlinkage.
PanCont/eyor,Oneormoreendlesschainsorotherlinkage
towhichusuallyoverlappingorinterlockingpansareauached
toformaseriesofshallow"opentoppedcontainers.Somepan
conveyorshavealsobeenknownasapronconveyors.
PivotedBucketConveyor,Aseriesofbucketspivotally
mountedbetweentwoendlesschainswhichoperateinhori-zontal,vertical,andinclinedpaths.Thebucketsremainin
carryingpositionuntiltheyaretippedorinvertedtodischarge.
PockelConveyor.Acontinuousseriesof' pocketsformed
ofaflexiblematerialfestoonedbetweencross-rodscarriedby
twoendlesschains or otherlinkagewhichoperateinhorizontal,
vertical,andinclinedpaths.,
PusherBarConveyor.T.woendlesschainsorotherlinkage
cross-connectedatintervalsbybarsorrotatablepusherswhich
movepackages,orobjectsalongstationary. woo,d,metalor
rellerbeds,o'rtroughs.
PusherChainConveyor,Oneormore.endlesschainsor
otherlinkagewithattachmentswhichmoveorretardthemove-mentofpackages,objects,trucks,dollies,orcarsalongsta-tionarywood,metalorrollerbeds,troughs,railsortracks.
BeamConveyor,'Oneormoreparallelrecip-rocatingbeamswithtilting
dogsarrangedtoadvance?ackages orobjectsalongadefined path. 17
AMERICANSTANDARD Fla.8LIVE-ROLLERCONVEYOR FlO.9OSCILLATINOCONVEYOR
Fla.10PNEUMATICCONVEYOR FIG.11ROLLERCONVEYOR 18
SAFETYCODEFORCONVEYORS
ReciprocatingFlightConveyor,,Areciprocatingbeamor
beamswithhingedflightsarrangedtoadvancebulkmaterial alonga
definedpath. ,",,',,, Spiral.Curvedsectionsofroll erconveyorwhich
windhelicallyandoverwhichpackages
'andobjectsarelower-edbygravity.:'""
RollingChainConveyor.Oneormoreendlessrot'lerchains onwhichorob
jecesarecarried. RopeandBtJllon,Conveyor.A ,series orflights
nccachedtoanendlesswireropeorcableforthepurposeof
conveyingorretardingthemovementofbulkmaterialsorob i
ec:tsalongastationarytrough. Ship'sConveyor-
Ele,vator.Adock-mountedpocketor
suspendedcrayconveyorarrangedtobeloweredintoaships
holdtovaryingdepthsforthepurposeofloadingorunloading
packagesandobjects.NottilbeconfusedwithaMarineLeg.
ShuJlleConveyor.,Anyconveyorsuchasbelt,chain,'pan,
npron,screw,etc.,inaself-containedstructuremovableina
definedpathparalleltotheflowofthematerial. SkateWheelConveyor . . '
Atypeofgr:avitywheelconveyor
whichemplqyswheelssimilartothoseusedonrollerskates.
SeeWheelConveyor., '"', Skip1I0ist.Abucketorcaroperatingup'
anddowna , finedpath,receiving,elevating,and discharging bulk
maceriaJs. ' SlatConveyor,Roller, Type.Twoormore chains
orocherlinkagetowhichrollersareattachedformamoving
supportforthepackagesor ects beingconveyed.,
SlidingChainConveyor.'Oneor,moreen,dlesschains(slid-ingontracks)on,whichpackagesor
obj ectsarecarried. SpiralChute.Acu'rvedtroughoverwhichbulk
materials, 'packages,orobjectsareloweredinasubstantially
helicalpath.",,, TowConveyor.Anendlesschain' supported' bytrolleys
fromanoverhead. track,orrunninginatrackat. flush
with,orunder)theflo,orwithmeansfortrt?-cks,dollies, orcars.
TrimmerConveyor.Aself-containedportableconveyor
usuallyofthebelttypeforuseinunloading,delivering,and
trimmingbulkmaterialinbinsorpiles.' 19 AMERICANSTANDARD
Fla.12SCREWCONVEYOR "' Fla.13SHUTTLECONVEYOR ,,, .",:
FIG.14VIBRATINGCONVEYOR,: ..",20 ---.----. ()
,SAFETYCODE'FORCONVEYORS Trolley.Conveyor.'A' se'ries
,'ofsupported(rom,or withinanoverheadwickandconnected byanendless
propelltng mediumsuchaschain,cable,'orotherlinkage,withloads
usuallysuspendedfromthetrolley.:Trolleyconveyorsmaybe
designedEorsingleormultipleplane I, VibratingConveyor.,A.trough.'
or'tubeflexiblysupported
andvibratedtoconveybulkmaterialorobjects.Vibrationmay
beinducedelectricallyormechanically. Wheel
..Spiral.Curvedsectionsof. wheelconveyorwhich'
windhelicallyandoverwhichpackagesorobjects arelowered bygravity, 21
AMERICANSTANDARD PARTIGENERALSAFETYREGULATIONS ,', ,
6DesignFeatures",,', Thefollowing
'safetyregulationsapplytoeverytype
orformofconveyor.Theyapplytohorizontal,inclineci,de-clinedorverticalconveyors;theyaoplytoconveyorssupported"
from hung(romceilingsorstructures,' supp'ortedin
,bridgesortrusseSjandtheyapplytoconveyorsoperatedally,bygravityorbyAnyregulationsthatapplyonly
toaArec HictypeofconveyorwillbegiveninPartII- Speci-ficSafetyRe
gulations.,,'" Safetyguardsshallbe'prc'lVidedonalltypesofequipment
atdrivingmechanisms,terminalsandtake-upswheretheun-guardedpartsmayconstituteahazardtotheoperatingperson-nel.'
RatedcapacityshaIlmeanthecapacityasestablishedby thedesigner
oftheequipment. 601Belts,Chains,Cables
Innocaseshallthemaximumloadingexceedtheworking
loadasrecommendedbythemanufacturer.'','
602Pulleys,Sprockets,Sheaves,Drum's,Blocks,
Allofthese,whenlocatedina ,workingareawhereoperators
(otherthanmaintenancemen)arepresent,' shallbearranged to
preventthepossibility ofinjurydue
'tohandsorpartsofcloth-ingbeingcaughtbetweenthe'belt ,and chain'
and sprocket,orcableandsheave, drumorblock.Whenthese,:units
arelocatedinareas, whereauthorized 'onlyhave ,"
cess,thensucharrangementsofframesor' guards, \Yillnotbe,'
requiredifaremadetostop outthepower','
before'is"performedontheconveyor.:'If ',cabletension"
variesconsiderably,orissubject'to"whipping' all
sheavesshouldbeprovidedwithsuitablecable,
guardstopre-ventcablefromjumpingthesheave. ,.
60'3Bearings(Lubrication) ,Wherebearingsareorinhazardouslocations,
thefittingsshouldhelocatedatanaccessiblepointandthe
lubricantpipedtothebearingsiflubricationisrequiredwhile
equipmentisinoperation., 22 C) SAFETYCODEFORCONVEYORS
604Ad;u'stments, " Themeansprovidedforchanging'the, positionof
'pulleys: sprockets,or sheaves,tocompensate fornormalworkingstretch
andwearinendlessbelts,chains,orcables,shallbereadily
accessible,andguardsshallbeprovided'
toprotectmainten-ancepersonnelfromcontactwiththemovingpansif
adjust-mentisrequiredwhenequipmentisinoperation.
605BackstopsandBrtuces"..'
aOnallconveyorswherereversing,orrunningawaypre-sentsahazard,"anti-runaway"or'''backscop''
devicesshould beprovidedjorthetrac:Coftheconveyordesignedtoprevent
anyportionoftheconveyorandloadfromfallingorsliding downin,
theeventofmechanicalorelectricalfailure.'When
suchdesignisnotpracticlll,suitableguards(designed, to
withstandtheshockandconfinetheallin8load)shallbe
placedtopreventaccesstothedangerarea.,
bElectricmachinesequippedwithbrakeswhichare
me-chnnicallyreleasedand 'appliedbythemovementofoperating
devicesshallbesodesignedthatif thepowerisinterrupted
withthebrakesintheof(position,theloadcould'descend,
onlyata'Controlledspeed.Electricallyreleasedbrakesshall
notbereleaseduntil powerhasbeenappliedtothemotor
andshallbeappliedautomaticallyifthepowerfailsorthe
operatingdeviceisreturnedtotheofforstoppedposition.
606'OverloadProtection',
Inadditiontooverloadprotectioncustomarilyprovidedto
protectelectricmotors, 'thereshouldbeanoverloaddeviceto protectthe
andmechanical parts;Suchdevices mustbedesignedtoquit,kIy,shutoff
theelectr.i!=pow'erordis-connect'
the,conveyoror'drivepartsfromthemotivepowerin theeventof
'overload.Whereoverloadconditionswouldcreate ahazard.to'
personnel,overioadprotectionshall'beprovided.,
SuchoverloaddeviCe,scan.beofanytypearranged, toshut'off electric
powerjcan be' shear pins;can beslip orfluid couplings;
oranyothertypedesignedforthepurposeofquicklY'discon,,:
nectingthemotivepowerorlimitingtheapplied .torqu'e.If:1
shearpindeviceisused,adescriptionofthepropersizeand
materialoftheshear. pinshouldbeplacedatsucha, pointon
theconveyorthat theoperatorscan re.adilysee it when
replace-mentisbeingmade.Wherethefailureoftheoverloaddevice' ...
ouldpermitoverspeedingineither direction,withconsequent 23 ",.'..
AME,RICAN,S:t"ANDARD .''.
hazardtopersonnel,acentrifugalcontrol.deviceshallbeused inaddition
I..,..", 607'Hinged Sections:
aManuallyoperatedhingedsectionsofgravityrollercon-veyors,chutes,belt,orothertypesofconveyorsthatrequire
morethana minimumeffort to operate should becounterbalanced.
bPoweroperatedsectionsshouldbeprovidedwithmech-anicalsafetydevices.
whichwill. preventthell)fromfallingin
caseofpowerfailure.Protectionngainstthefailureofmech-anicalpartsofthehoistingandloweringdeviceshouldbe
providedwhenpractical.' cAllsectlonsofpov.'crconveyorsused
forthepur-poseofclenringB.pnssagev.ayshallbedesignedsothatthey
.cannotberaised",hUetheconveyorisinoperationannshall
nutomaticnllystoptheconveyorwhenthesectionisraised.
608Counterweights.
Whencounterweightsareattachedtocablesorchains,the
weightsshallbeconfinedinasuitableenclosurehav inga
stopdesignedtowith.itandtheimpactofthefallingweight. If
counterweightsare tolever, arms,thedesignshall
insurethat,theweightscannotbecomedetachedif thedevice
usedfortheadjustillgoftheweightbecomesloose. 609Guards
aWhereaconveyorpassesoverworkingareas,aisles,or thoroughfares
byotherthanauthorized personnel,suitable guardsshall be.provided,to
prot,ectthose areasfromthehazards ,.' ..:' ,b:,Whereconveyorsare',
installedoverheadand ,dipdownat
workstations,suitableguardsorhandrailsshall. beprovided
to'pre,-:ent ,accidentali!'l;,urytopersonnel..'". ,.' c'
"Ailguards.should' bepaintedincolors' 'a,s'speciliedin
AmericanStandardCodeRequirementsforLightand
Ventil'ation(ASA7)3.1-1953).' 610InterlockingDevices. ,On:all
systemswhereelectricaland/or
mechanicaldevicesshouldbeprovidedtoautomaticallystop
aconveyorwhentheconveyor,bin,hopper,chute,. to
whichitfeeds,hasbeenstoppedorhasbeenblockedwith
loadssothatitcannotreceiveadditionalloadsormaterial. 24 I, ", ." I,
SAFETYCODEFORCONVEYORS ,. " ,t , '4,f,',' ,
611Transfer,LoadingandDischar8e ,",
AtconveyortransEer,loadingordischarge means
shallbeprovidedtoguardagainstaccidentalinjurytoperson-nel."",',,I,','
I,I,' 612PortableConveyors' ",'
Wherepractical,portableconveyorsaresubjec't'tothe
designfeaturesapI'liedto'other,conveyors,but"they.
aresub-ject,inaddition,tospecificrequirementsasfollows:"
/'\aTheconveyorshallbestablewithinoperatingranges )andshallbewi
thnnArlequAtclockingdevice Itohold theconveyingunitIlt
variablefixedelevations.. bAllportableconveyors'
poweredwithelectric shallbeprovidedwithgroundedcircuits.'
cWhereportableconveyorsareexposedtooutsideweather condi cion
5,weatherproofelectricalequipmentoritsequiva-lentshallbeprovidedincompliancewithanyapplicable
electricalcodeIlndpipe,conduit,BXLorsimilartypeofpro-tectedwiringshallbeused.,'
Section7,DesignandInstallation, 701AccessibilityandClearance
aClearancesforauthorizedpersonnelshallbeprovided
whereconditionspermit.
bObstructionswhichneedlesslypreventanoperatorfrom seeingoncoming
,loadsoranypartsoftheconveyormechanism overwhichberemoved.
702Catwalks,Platforms"andBalconies,, Catwa
lks,platforms,andaccessladdersshould beprovided'
andshouldbe,installedinaccordancewithAmed':',' can Standard Safety
Codefor Floor and Wall Openings, Railings, , andToeBoards(ASA." . ,
," 703Walland Opet:lings Walland'
floorshouldbeguarded,in,,accordance, withAmerican,StandardA12-1932.
704InspectionDoors Openings, Inspection' doorsor
peepholesshouldbepro-videdsothatmaintenancemenmaymakeobservationswithout
thenecessityofentering'enclosuresorhousings.Openings 25
AMERICANSTANDARD, wi thremovabledoors,orpanelsshouldbesothat
maintenancepersonnelmaycleanouthousingsandenclosures.
ormakeminorrepairswithout, enteringhousingsorenclosures.
705andStairways"':,' aAllconveyorsinstalledwithinseven(7)Et,of ,the
'floor
orwalkwaysurfaceshallbeprovided,withcrossoversorpas-sages,to'
complywiththere'quirementsoftheBuildingExits CodeA9.' "',"," ,,
bItwillbepermissibletoallowpassageunderconveyors
,thatareinstalledbelowtheminimumseven(7)ft, headroom,
exceptingatmainaislesandprov idedsuchpassagesare
equippedwithtelltalesindicatinglowheadroom.
cAllcrossovers,aislesandshallbeindicated
bysuitablesignsinconspicuouspositions.'
dNoreciprocatingplatlormconveyorsshallbeinstalled
insuchamannerastoblockanystairway. Section8InspectionandMaintenance
801Inspection Periodicinspection of the entire conveyor
mechanismshould bemade,' 802Adjustment Alltake-updevices
providedforthepurposeofadjustingfor stretchinthebelt,'
chain,orcableshouldbecheckedperiodi-callyforproperfunctioning.'. "
803'Cotter Pins,Couplings, Allcotterpins,'
fastenersandcouplings"should, bechecked' .
periodically,as'carefullyasshouldany'of:.splice,or,'
connection.':,' 804WornParts', aAof'subject towearshouldbek'ept'
forreadyreplacement;,','"', bAny.showingsignsofwear'shallhe
care-fullyandreplacedassoonas'
thereisanyindi'cationofex-cessivewear.A
recordshouldbemadeofthSpointsofwear andreported,
tothesupervisortoassure'futureinspectionsof thewearingparts.'
26
\ SAFETYCODEFORCONVEYORS ,., 805Lubrication I '.
Allmachinepartsshallbe lubricatedaccordingto
mnnu(ncturersinstructions.'""806SafetyDevices"
Particular'attentionshouldbe'paidtobrakes,backstops,
antirunnwnydevices,overloadreleasesandothersafetyde
vicescoinsurethatallarc andingoodrepair. ,,
Section9RelatedStructures 901Tunnels,Pits,andFoundations'
aTunnelsandpitsshouldbedesignedforproperdrainage
and,ifneceSSArY,withsumpholesandpumpsfurnished.Pits
nndtunnelsshouldalsoprovideamplespacefortheaccumula-tionofsril1ed,materialandmeansforreadilyremovingsuch
accumulation.I bAdequnte,permanentlightingshouldbeinstalled' in
tunnelsandritswithIIswitchloclUedoutsideofand,conven-ienttotheentrance.Electrlcnloutletsforextensioncords
shouldbeprovidedatconvenientlocations.If
thereisalike-lihoodofanaccumulationofexplosivefumesor dust,allelec
tricalworkshallmeettherequirementsoftheunderwritersfor
hazardouslocations... 902HoppersandO1utes,
Allopeningstohoppersandchutesshallbeprotectedto prevent
personsfromsteppingintothem., If thehopper orchute
isequippedwithagratingtoprotectconveyors,suchgrating
willbeconsideredassufficientprotection ,providedthatone
dimensionoftheopeningdoesnotexceed2 ,inches. ,Ifthe
openingsinthegra.tingarelargerorifnogratingisprovided,
suitablehandrailsaretobeinstalledaroundtheopenings.
Allopeningstohoppersandchutesshallbeprore,ctedwhere they
ahaza.rdtopersonnel.S)lchco't:1-sistof:.. "",.," aralls'
ofstandardheightwithtoeboards; .or.,' .'.,.'. .. ,....,'I ,"
bTemporarycov,ers,'Q.,heretheopeningissubj'ecttofre-c quentuse;or
Other'equivalentcomparablesafety 'deviceswherethe
specialconditionsofthehopperprecludethestandard
safeguardslistedabove. 27 Thesidesofopenchutesshallbe
,highenoughtoprevent
materialfallingintoworkingareasbelow.Openchutesshould
beprovidedwith(rontplatesatthepointwhereconveyors dischargeinto
them to prevent material bouncing out of the chute. ,.."., ,.,.. ..
Section10. SafeOperating Provisions Thefollowing
rulesarerecommendedfor' allcon-veyorinstallations:..'... .'.I'..
aAllmanuallyloadedco'nveyorstravelingpartlyoren-tirelyinaverticalpathshouldhavenconspicuoussignde-signatingtheratedloadthattheconveyol'
is designedtoraise
orlower.Thesesignsshouldbelocatedateachloadingpoint ina
pr9minencplace. bAllscarting.andstoppingdevices,shouldbeclearly
markedand,ifpossible,paintedinaccordancewithAmerican
StandardA53.1-1953.Theareaaroundthesedevicesshould bekeptfreeof
obstructionstopermitreadyaccess tothemand aclearview
01thematalltimes. cTheareaaroundallloadingandunloadingpointson' the
conveyorsshouldbekeptclearofobstructionsatalltimesso
thattheoperatorworkingatthesepointshasan. unobstructed
viewoftheconveyor,.':...
dNo"riding"shallbepermittedonaconveyoratany
time,unlessitisspecificallydesignedtoconveypassengers
ortheoperator.. eMaintenanceworkshouldnotbedonewhileconveyor'is
inoperation',If itisnecessarytooperatetheconveyorwhile servicing
,it,. special, safety, provisions beused., ' f,When a
maintenancemanstopstheforservic'ing. purposes; he' outthestarting
that 'no, one' ,:, butthemanworkingonthe'conyeyorcan ".. ,,'..
'.'g','Before athathas' stopped' due,to'an'
overload,an"inspectio"noftheenti'reconveyorshallbemade
andthestopfageclearedbeforerestarting.' ".' hThestarting
,'deviceshallbe .locked ,outbeforeanyat-temp.tis
madetoremovethecause of 'an. iNooverload'
'orsafety..deviceshailberemovedfromthe
conveyor.provisionsshouldbemadetopreventanyone,ex
ceptingacompetent.authorized person,from ortamp-ering
,withtheadjustmentofsuchdevices. 28
\) '---/ .' .-- ' .. SAFETYCODEFORCONVEYORS
jAllpcrsonn'el'workingon, or,nearaconveyorshallbe in,lirrucecdinthe
,locationandoperationofallstopping devices.
IeAtnotimeRhouldaconveyorbeuseuforapurposeother
thantheoneforwhichitwnsdesigned.,'"", 1Goodhousekeepingshall'?e,'
maintninedatalltimes. .,t,I Section11PrimeMoversandControls ,', 1\
aMoeors,controls, 'nnd""irin,'tshAllconform to the'NationAI
ElectricCode(ASACl-19S3),orthe,NationalElectrical
SnfetyCode(ASAC2). bConvenientmennsforstoppingthemotororengineshall
beprovidedattheoperator'sstation.If theoperator'sstation
isataremotepoint,similarprovision sforstoppingthemotor
orengineshallbeprovidedatthemotororenginelocation.
Emergencystopswitchesshouldbeprovidedat 'allpoinesalong
theconveyor,wherepotentialhazardsexist,' andtheconveyor
shallbearrangedsothatitcannotbestartedagainuntilthe
actuatingstopswitchhasbeenresettorunt:1ingor"on"
posi-tion.Overloadstopswit'chesshallnot,bearrangedtoauto-maticallystarttheconveyoruponremoval.'.of,theoverload.
Meansshallbeprovidedforlockingthe, mainswitchorclutch
topreventaccidentalstarting.'. ,:,,'.' . I',""' cSteamboilersshall
to'the'ASME'B'oiler "',' Pressure' VesselCode.''"" d
conveyorsdesignedto,convey
orexplo-sives,orlocatedinhazardousareasshall, con form.withany,
regulatiot:'1,s,governingsuchin sthltations.Any setforth inthiscode
notbe, con struedassupplantingany, r,egu-. '
ladonfor:hazardouslocations.Allconveyoi"'installationsin,
areas,wherethereis,dangerofdustexplosionsshall' be ,in-', stalled
inaccordancethis code and the, applicable standard, safetycodes
forthePrev,e,ntion of Dust Explosions (ASAZl,2). ,' ,',' ':;" 'i.'
.''"" 'j'",.:':'.',. ... . , ",.'. '! .. ,: ,,, 29 ------ -----
---'AMERICANSTANDARD ' .. " PARTIISPECIFICSAFETY IREGULATIONS,.
APPLYINGTOCERTAINCLASSES OFCONVEYINGEQUIPMENT' ' .. ' :.' ,,
Section12'Aedal,Cnble,way',' I',
1201Cableway,CarriageandFallRopeCarriers" aCablcwaycarda'ge,
and(1111ropecarriersshallbesocon- '
scructedthatnoadjustmentsarerequiredwhilecablewayisin"
operation,andthat, adjustments,whenmade,maybelocked.'
Fallropecarriersareusedtoprevent theweightofthehauling
rope'itselfcausingsufficienttensionto theload"
carrierorfallblock.Evenshortspansmayrequirefallrope
carriersdependingontherelationoftheweight.offallblock
anditsropes,frictioninthesystem,andthetension ,ofthe
haulingropebetweenthecarriageandthehoisttower.On spansof600ftor,
more,wherethecarriageworkstothecenter ofthespanorbeyond"51
ackcarriersshallbeprovidedtosup-porttheoperatingropes.Abuttonlineor
device shallbeprovidedtqspace ,thecarriersatapproprlltte}ncervals
alongthespan"', bCarriagesshall have approved meshguards forthe
operat-ing'sheaves,handgripsthroughoutthefull of.
thecar-riagc,'foocwalk andtoe boards,forready access formaintenance
',' riggersandfor.in spectionoftheoperacinR, ropes,sheaves,
beckets,andstruccura,lpansofthecarriage,,"," C,Sheaves""
carryingoperati'ngropesshouldbe ,asfarge ",as,'
practicaland"a'srecomme'ndedbytheropemanu{!!cturer"Inno",
caseshallp'itchdiameterofsheaves ,beless than42"' ropediameter
.for6x7rope,30timesrope :diameterfor6 'x19
rope,18times:ropediameterfor6x37rope,a'nd21timesrope,', !or'?
x,19rope"Thesheavesshallhave
andtheradiusofthegrooveshallbe55per"cent:ofthe '
diameter."','",":',,",' ,"' ",, ' ;..-1202OperatingRopes
Operatingropesshallbeofwireropeconstructionsuitable fortheservice
requirementsof thecableway.Theworkingload of theropeshall never
exceed one-fifth of the breaking strength. 30 "
SAFETYCODEFORCONV,EYORS
Ropesshallbefnstenedwithapprovedunits,capableofdevel-
atleast80percentoftheultimatestrengthoftherope.
Ropeendsshallbearrangedforcompleteandeasyinspection.
1203TrackCableSystem',',",',
Ifthedesignrequiresthattrackcablesbecarriedover
snddlcs,cnremustbetakentoseethatthesaddleradius,rope
lubricntionandinspectionprovisionsconformto'
ropemanu-facturer'srecommendations.' Track' cableconnections
,shallbe' properlynppliedsocketsusingonlypurezinc.Clampedends
developonlyabout75percentofthestrengthoftheropennd
thereforenrcnotrecommended.Su{"portingmemberscarrying
trackcnbletensionsshallbeforgedsteel,orrolled' steel
carryingstressinthedirectionofrolling.Thesemembersshall
benrrangedsothntloadsarecarriedconcentricallyandso
thatnoccccntdclondcnnbe tothemortothetrack
cableconnectionsbyvirtueoffailureornonoperationofany joint
inthetracksystem.', .:'.'.:',.', '', 1204Back stay,..'".
Backstnycarryingtrackcabletensionsshallbedesignedto
supporttheentirelonddisregardinganyloadcarryinghelp (romsideguys.
1205SideGuys Sideguysshallbesoproportionedthatnomorethantwoare
asactingatthesametime,unlessequippedwith' equali
zingbar,shea,ve,orotherapproveddevicenotsubj ect ..
tofreezingtemperatures.Iforpneumaticequalizing
deviceisused,provisionsmust.bemadetoavoid,orcounter-acttheeffectof,lossoffluidinthesystem."
1206Anchorages,'....,' , . Anchoragesfor tensionsshouldproportioned
sothat.. st'abteundertheultimatestrengthofthetrack
cable('Irbackstays',Steelrods,preferablyembeddep'inconcrete,
orblockasphalt, ..'shouldbeusedforthe back ..... staywhere the
tension'isc'arriedthrough Wireropeguys
'shouldnev.erbeusedincontactwith', 'earthbut
ifabsolutelynecessary,'thendoubletheultimate 'strengthof
thebackstayshouldbeprovided,. togetherwithanticorrosion
protectionintheformofgrease,tar,etc. 1207SupportingStructures
structures,fixedtowers,movabletowers,etc., 31 .,''.'
'AMERICANSTANDARD shallbeto fullknownloadsplus
forimpactwithdueregardforthenatureofthestructuralele ..
ments,thetypeofstructure,andthemannerofnpplication andrelease
ofloads;allinaccordance withtheAmericanInsti ..,
,cuteofSteelConstruction'sSpecificationforDesign,Fabri-cation,nndErectionof
Structural SteelforBuildings.Ladders,
platforms,handholds,etc.,shallbesupplied'tofacilitatethe
ins{'ectionofthe' cowers,the' cableway partsat(achedtothem,
andthechangingoflinesBr'ldochermaintenance-around them.''",,:',',
,, 1208OperationandMaintenance aThecable
warsupervisorandoperac'orshallbecharged wi chtheresponsibiity
foronlyauthorized and properly qualified aroundthe'
cablewayrig."'," bInspectionoftherig,'crack' cableso,\'carriage,
operatingropes,structures,'hoisting, engine,el ectrical 'ap"
paratus,andotheroperatingpartsshallbemadebythe
visingsafetyengineerorotherdesignated' qualified, person' eachdayif
therigis operatingtwenty-four(24)hoursadayor' at such other
intervals as justified bylesser operating schedules,
(ortherig.Theseinspections(notadjustments)shallbemade
whilerig'isinoperationexcept,.atthediscretionofthesuper-" visor,
inspectionsmaybemade, whilethe'rigis 'not,,'in', operation.",::
C'Duringthesafety 'special attenflonbe' paidto:',
(1)Operatingropesatthebecketends,overwrapson
thedrum'Orhoist,andatthesheayepointsif 'are madeats,ame'
pointrepeatedly."'"',' (2),Trackcableforbrokenwiresnearsl)ckets',
andinthe" ,spanunderthe orunloadingpoillt,forwires,.' , andworn
'oi'.: ":",,".,".. .'.,":-a'Whenfrictiongr'ipsareusedon'
thecontinuoustypetram-waysystem,thehaulingropeshouldbe6 >C 7
Lang 'lay,hemp centerconstructioninsizes smaller.Forsizes ';.in ..
andlarge(use6 >c,18Langlay,hempcenterconstruction.The
safetyfactorshould beatleast.five(5),except wherereverse
bendingoccurs;orwhereabrasivedust.
oracidfumesareen-countered;whenfactorsof six(6) toseven (7)
arerecommended. bTailropesshallbeprovidedtoavoidjerkyoperationand
possiblederailment ., '.,'. .;'..' .cSuitabreadjustmentshouldbe,
providedtomaintainthe
originaldesignrelationofhaulingropeandtailropetensions ...
Thevertical ofropetensionsshould' alwaysbesuch',.
thattheropeneverte,ndstoliftout.ofthesupportsheaves.' '.
22C)3'"HauUhg'RopeGrips>'.. ",':.',,. Carriage
',ha'\11ingropeg'dpsshallbedesigned'tosupplythe
necessaryp'ullingcomponents damage. to,due
toslippageor;excessivegrippressures.Hauling.rope. down'I pullon
bekepttoaminimumtopreventdamage, toropeand,to'avoiddamagingthe.!".
..' '2204TramwayDrives
.a','Tramwaydrfvesshallbeequippedw'ithabrakeonthe same' shafta.sthe
'drive"sheaveandthebrakesystem' shallbe. adequate.
forstoppin'gandholdingtheatpoint.The,
.brakesn,allnotbe,forabsorbingde,velopedby '; .
haulingloadduringnormal,'.S.uch .develo'pedpower.' , ,should,
bedissipated hydraulicallYtor ", '.cally.' The 'main'
'driyebrakeshall' be .. appliedautomaticallyif '.:
.'electricpowerfails...' ...... ':.::":-::,.,".;".",".:.:.-
:'.,'.'.:":..'. ,b': The'shea"e'controlofvelocityautomaticas the
bucket(s) approachesthetemi-, nal, station.':.'... ,.. ., j'
2205.WireSocke.ts Wirerope. connectionsshall.beproperlyappliei'
sockets usingonlypurezinc.Clampedendsdeveloponlyabout' 75per
centofthe 'strengthoftheropeandthereforearenotrecom-mended. 38
,,"---..., ) .4" ", ,, ",I, I, " SAFETYCODEFORCONVEYORS . , I'','"
2206TowerSaddles' ."". : ' ",'\ ''','"," Towersaddlesfortrack,
cables' shallhaveampleradiito minimizebendingstresses ,and
',thusprolong 'the, life 'of, the cables.Stlltionarycurved "oflong'
.radius ,maybeem-ployedwherethecablebreakover,
angleexceeds'thatpossible witharockingsaddle.Theradiusofthesaddle'
shallbelarge' enoughtoprovidesmoothtransi
tionc1fthebucketfromRpanto span.Also,thesaddleshall'
be',lon'genoughtoreducethe
bearingpressuretoavaluewhichwillpermitthecableto,
slideinthesaddlegroove.Allsaddlesmustbelubricatedat
regularintervals."" 2207SheaveDiameters
Sheaveshouldbeaslargeaspracticalanda'sbytheropemanufacturerfortheparticularropebeing,
used,.In nocaseshallthepitchdiameterofsheaves' belessthan' 42"
timesropediameterfor6 x7ropeand30timesropediameter for6)(19rope."
":" 2208SupportingStructure" ,:,:,,:,::,/.:'.,
Supporting"structuresshallbe' designedtofull,
knownloadsplusallowanceforimpactwithdue'regardforthe
natureofthestructural, elements,thetype.of'
structure,and.-themannerofapplicationandreleaseofloadsi:,allinaccord-ancewiththeAmericanInstituteof
Steel Construc.tion's Speci-ficationsfortheDesign,Fabricationand'of
StN'ctural SteelforBuildings.Ladders,platforms,handholds,
et'c.,shall besupplied ,tofacilitatetheinspectionofthestructuresand
tramwayparts.,.',.".''.'"',',:' ,,'',C,', . '"",,.'I,. .:""" I."":
.I', .:". 2209Crossing Guards'"'.' . ........,',"" Crossing
.guardsshall beprovided th'e,, highways,railways,.or other public
,These guards
