ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c toANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016
Ventilation forAcceptable Indoor
Air Quality
Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on June 23, 2018; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on June 27, 2018; and bythe American National Standards Institute on July 25, 2018.
This addendum was approved by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Standards Committee has estab-lished a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for timely, documented, con-sensus action on requests for change to any part of the standard. The change submittal form, instructions, and deadlines may beobtained in electronic form from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or in paper form from the Senior Manager of Standards.
The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Cus-tomer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: [email protected]. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go towww.ashrae.org/permissions.
© 2018 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336
ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.
SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is defined by theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreementreached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with this Standard isvoluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.
ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The Project Committee
Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, all must be technicallyqualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees.
The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.
DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and accepted industrypractices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systems tested, installed,or operated in accordance with ASHRAE’s Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous orfree from risk.
ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, by suggestingsafe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other information that may serveto guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformance to them is completelyvoluntary.
In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied, that theproduct has been approved by ASHRAE.
ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 62.1Cognizant TC: 4.3, Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration
SPLS Liaison: Karl L. Peterman
Hoy R. Bohanon, Jr.*, Chair Enrica Galasso Daniel C. Pettway*Jennifer A. Isenbeck*, Co-Vice-Chair Elliott Gall Stephen Ray*Wayne R. Thomann*, Co-Vice-Chair Enrique T. Gonzalez* Chandra Sekhar*Nick H. Agopian Gregg Gress* Charles J. SeyfferCharlene W. Bayer Brian J. Hafendorfer* Jeffrey K. Smith*Lance R. Brown* Nathan L. Ho* Dennis A. Stanke*Robin M. Bristol Elliott Horner* Erica Stewart*Tina M. Brueckner* Eli P. Howard, III* Drayton P. StottMark P. Buttner* Paul J. Kitchens Richard TaftJordan D. Clark Stephany I. Mason Dean T. TompkinsLeonard A. Damiano* Maria A. Menchaca Brandan David VigueAbdel K. Darwich* Christopher O. Muller* Donald Weekes, Jr.James E. Dennison John Nelson, Jr.* Josiah Wiley*Paul L. Doppel* Lisa C. Ng Runming YaoHenry W. Ernst, Jr. Laura G. Petrillo-Groh* Marwa Zaatari*
* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication
ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2017–2018
Steven J. Emmerich, Chair Roger L. Hedrick David Robin
Donald M. Brundage, Vice-Chair Rick M. Heiden Peter SimmondsNiels Bidstrup Jonathan Humble Dennis A. StankeMichael D. Corbat Srinivas Katipamula Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Drury B. Crawley Kwang Woo Kim Richard T. SwierczynaJulie M. Ferguson Larry Kouma Jack H. ZarourMichael W. Gallagher Arsen K. Melikov Lawrence C. Markel, BOD ExOWalter T. Grondzik R. Lee Millies, Jr. M. Ginger Scoggins, COVinod P. Gupta Karl L. PetermanSusanna S. Hanson Erick A. Phelps
Steven C. Ferguson, Senior Manager of Standards
© ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
© ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)
FOREWORD
Addendum c deletes Informative Appendix C, “Summary ofSelected Air Quality Guidelines,” from Standard 62.1. Appen-dix C first appeared in Standard 62-1989. Since that timethere have been many additions and modifications. Its pur-pose is to assist with the IAQ procedure. The committee isaware of misuse and confusion caused by the information inits present form. The committee prefers to delete this misusedappendix now. The committee may add back relevant infor-mative guidance that assists with implementation of the IAQprocedure in the next version of the standard.
Note: In this addendum, changes to the current standardare indicated in the text by underlining (for additions) andstrikethrough (for deletions) unless the instructions specifi-cally mention some other means of indicating the changes.
6.3.1 Contaminant Sources. Each contaminant of con-cern, for purposes of the design, shall be identified. For eachcontaminant of concern, indoor sources and outdoor sourcesshall be identified, and the emission rate for each contaminantof concern from each source shall be determined. Where twoor more contaminants of concern target the same organ sys-tem, these contaminants shall be considered to be a contami-nant mixture.
Informative Note: Informative Appendix C providesinformation for some potential contaminants of concern,including the organs they affect.
6.3.2 Contaminant Concentration. For each contaminantof concern, a concentration limit and its corresponding expo-sure period and an appropriate reference to a cognizantauthority shall be specified. For each contaminant mixture ofconcern, the ratio of the concentration of each contaminant to
its concentration limit shall be determined, and the sum ofthese ratios shall be not greater than one.
Exception: Consideration of odors in determining concen-tration limits shall not be required.
Informative Notes: 1. Odors are addressed in Section 6.3.4.2.2. Informative Appendix C includes concentration
guidelines for some potential contaminants of con-cern.
6.3.4.2 Subjective Evaluation. Using a subjective occu-pant evaluation conducted in the completed building, the mini-mum outdoor airflow rates required to achieve the level ofacceptability specified in Section 6.3.3 shall be determinedwithin each zone served by the system.
Informative Notes: Level of acceptability often increasesin response to increased outdoor airflow rates, increased levelof indoor or outdoor air cleaning, or decreased indoor or out-door contaminant emission rate.
1. Informative Appendix C presents one approach tosubjective occupant evaluation.
2. Level of acceptability often increases in responseto increased outdoor airflow rates, increased levelof indoor or outdoor air cleaning, or decreasedindoor or outdoor contaminant emission rate.
6.5.2.1 Contaminant Sources. Contaminants or mix-tures of concern for purposes of the design shall be identified.For each contaminant or mixture of concern, indoor sources(occupants, materials, activities, and processes) and outdoorsources shall be identified, and the emission rate for each con-taminant of concern from each source shall be determined.
Informative Note: Informative Appendix C providesinformation for some potential contaminants of concern.
6.5.2.2 Contaminant Concentration. For each contami-nant of concern, a concentration limit and its correspondingexposure period and an appropriate reference to a cognizantauthority shall be specified.
Informative Note: Informative Appendix C includes con-centration guidelines for some potential contaminants of con-cern.
Addendum c to Standard 62.1-2016
Revise Section 6.3.1 as shown.
Revise Section 6.3.2 as shown.
Revise Section 6.3.4.2 as shown.
Revise Section 6.5.2.1 as shown.
Revise Section 6.5.2.2 as shown.
Delete Informative Appendix C in its entirety.
ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016 1
© ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
(This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)
INFORMATIVE APPENDIX CSUMMARY OF SELECTEDAIR QUALITY GUIDELINES
If particular contaminants are of concern, or if the IAQ Proce-dure is to be used, acceptable indoor concentrations and expo-sures are needed for the particular contaminants. When usingthis procedure, these concentration and exposure values needto be documented and justified by reference to a cognizantauthority as defined in the standard. Such guidelines or otherlimiting values can also be useful for diagnostic purposes. Atpresent, no single organization develops acceptable concentra-tions or exposures for all indoor air contaminants, nor are val-ues available for all contaminants of potential concern. Anumber of organizations offer guideline values for selectedindoor air contaminants. These values have been developedprimarily for ambient air, occupational settings, and, in somecases, for residential settings. They should be applied with anunderstanding of their basis and applicability to the indoorenvironment of concern. If an acceptable concentration orexposure has not been published for a contaminant of concern,a value may be derived through review of the toxicological andepidemiological evidence using appropriate consultation.However, the evidence with respect to health effects is likelyto be insufficient for many contaminants. At present, there isno quantitative definition of acceptable IAQ that can necessar-ily be met by measuring one or more contaminants.
Table C-1 presents selected standards and guidelinesused in Canada, Germany, Europe, and the United States foracceptable concentrations of substances in ambient air, indoorair, and industrial workplace environments. These values areissued by cognizant authorities and have not been developedor endorsed by ASHRAE. The table is presented only asbackground information when using the IAQ Procedure. Spe-cialized expertise should be sought before selecting a valuefor use in estimating outdoor airflow rates using the IAQ Pro-cedure or for building design or diagnostics purposes. Meet-ing one, some, or all of the listed values does not ensure thatacceptable IAQ (as defined in this standard) will be achieved.
Tables C-2 and C-3 list concentration values of interestfor selected contaminants as general guidance for buildingdesign, diagnostics, and ventilation system design using theIAQ Procedure. The values in the table are based on cogni-zant authorities and studies reported in peer-reviewed scien-tific publications; ASHRAE does not recommend theiradoption as regulatory values, standards, or guidelines. Thetables are presented as further background when using theIAQ Procedure. Consultation should be sought before select-ing a particular value for use in calculating ventilation usingthe IAQ Procedure. Meeting one, some, or all of the listedvalues does not ensure that acceptable IAQ will be achieved.
Selection of a specific target concentration and exposureis best made by a team with wide experience in toxicology,industrial hygiene, and exposure assessment. As they reviewthe specific concentrations listed in Tables C-1, C-2, and C-3,or others taken from other sources, designers should be mind-ful of the following:
• Standards and guidelines are developed for different pur-poses and should be interpreted with reference to the set-ting and purpose for which they were developed comparedto that to which they are being applied.
• Not all standards and guideline values recognize thepresence of susceptible groups or address typical popula-tions found in occupancies listed in this standard.
• Most standards and guidelines do not consider interac-tions between and among various contaminants of con-cern.
• The assumptions and conditions set forth by the standardor guideline may not be met in the space or for the occu-pants being considered (such as an 8-hour day, 40-hourwork week).
When many chemicals are present in the air, as theyalmost always are in indoor air, then some way of addressingpotential additive effects is warranted. The ACGIH guidanceon the subject instructs that when two or more substances act-ing on the “…same organ system are present, their combinedeffect, rather than that of either individually, should be givenprimary consideration.” C-1 Information on affected organs isreadily available on the websites of the cited references forACGIH, OEHHA, and ATSDR. If no contradictory informa-tion is available, the effects of the different substances“should be considered as additive.” A formula is givenwherein the ratios of the concentrations of each substancewith the same health-related endpoint to the threshold-limitvalue for each substance are added. If the sum of all theseratios exceeds unity, then it is considered that the concentra-tion value has been exceeded.
where
Ci = airborne concentration of the substance
Ti = threshold-limit value of that substance
C1. GUIDELINE VALUES FORINDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS
ACGIH threshold limit values, or TLVs®, have been appliedto industrial workplace air contaminants C-1 (Reference C-2 isthe German counterpart). The ACGIH TLVs represent themaximum acceptable 8-hour, time-weighted average (TWA);15-minute short-term exposure limit (STEL); and instanta-neous (ceiling) case limits. It is a source of concentration lim-its for many chemical substances and physical agents forindustrial use. In light of the constantly changing state ofknowledge, the document is updated annually. It cautions theuser, “The values listed in this book are intended for use in thepractice of industrial hygiene as guidelines or recommenda-
C1
T 1------
C2
T 2------
CnT n------+ + +
2 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016
© ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
tions to assist in the control of potential health hazards and forno other use.”
Caution must be used in directly extending the ACGIHTLVs or other workplace guidelines to spaces covered by thisstandard and to population groups other than workers. Indus-trial health practice attempts to limit worker exposure to inju-rious substances at levels that do not interfere with theindustrial work process and do not risk the workers’ healthand safety. There is not an intention to eliminate all effects,such as unpleasant smells or mild irritation. Further, thehealth criteria are not uniformly derived for all contaminants.Irritation, narcosis, and nuisance or other forms of stress arenot uniformly considered as the basis for the concentrationlimits. This is because different organizations use differentend points and different contaminants have more or less infor-mation available on diverse end points of interest. The targetpopulation is also different from the occupants found in thespaces covered by this standard. Healthy industrial workerstend to change jobs or occupations if an exposure becomesintolerable. In contrast, workers in commercial environmentssuch as offices often do not expect elevated concentrations ofpotentially harmful substances in their work environments.Also, monitoring programs are unlikely to be in place, as maybe the case with industrial workplaces. In addition, the gen-eral population may have less choice about where they spendmost of their time and includes those who may be more sensi-tive, such as children, asthmatics, allergic individuals, thesick, and the elderly.
C2. GUIDELINES FOR SUBSTANCES INOUTDOOR AIR
Guidelines have been developed for outdoor air for a numberof chemicals and metals, as shown in many of the references.These values, including some for metals, may be appropriatefor some indoor environments, but they should be appliedonly after appropriate consultation. These guidelines also pro-vide guidance concerning the quality of outdoor air if there issuspicion that outdoor air may be contaminated with specificsubstances or if there is a known source of contaminationnearby C-3.
C3. REGULATION OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURETO AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS
Regulations of occupational exposure to workplace hazardsare based on the results of accumulated experience withworker health and toxicological research and carefully evalu-ated by groups of experts. Effects are examined in relation toexposure to the injurious substance. Exposure is defined asthe mathematical product of the concentration of the contami-nant and the time during which a person is exposed to thisconcentration. Because concentration may vary with time,exposure is typically calculated across the appropriate averag-ing time, expressed as a TWA concentration, STEL, or ceilinglimit. Regulations of the U.S. Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA) are TWAs in most cases.
Industrial exposures are regulated on the basis of a 40-hour workweek with 8- to 10-hour days. During the remain-der of the time, exposure is anticipated to be substantiallylower for the contaminants of concern. Application of indus-
trial exposure limits would not necessarily be appropriate forother indoor settings, occupancies, and exposure scenarios.However, for certain contaminants that lack exposure limitsfor a specific nonindustrial target population, substantialdownward adjustments to occupational limits have sometimesbeen used.
C4. SUBSTANCES LACKING GUIDELINESAND STANDARDS
For indoor contaminants for which an acceptable concentra-tion and exposure value has not been established by a cogni-zant authority, one approach has been to assume that somefraction of TLV is applicable and would not lead to adversehealth effects or complaints in general populations. Thisapproach should not be used without first assessing its suit-ability for the contaminant of concern. In any event, if appro-priate standards or guidelines do not exist, expertise must besought or research needs to be conducted to determine con-taminant concentrations and exposures that are acceptable.
C5. SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION
Indoor air often contains complex mixtures of contaminantsof concern, such as environmental tobacco smoke C-30,C-31,infectious and allergenic biological aerosols C-32, and emis-sions of chemicals from commercial and consumer products.Precise quantitative treatment of these contaminants can bedifficult or impossible in most cases. Chemical compositionalone may not always be adequate to reliably predict the reac-tion of building occupants exposed to most common mixturesof substances found in indoor air. There are many toxicologi-cal endpoints used in assessing the effects from exposure toair contaminants.
Irritation of mucosal tissue, such as that found in thehuman nose, eyes, and the upper airways, is one of the end-points often used in assessing short-term exposure to air con-taminants. These irritation responses can occur after theirritant receptor is exposed to nonreactive compounds, toreactive compounds with a different pattern of dose-responserelationships, and through allergic and other immunologiceffects for which dose-response relationships have not beenwell defined. Susceptible populations—i.e., individuals withatopy (“allergies”)—may report irritation at lower levels ofexposures than individuals without allergies. Other suscepti-ble populations, such as the elderly and the young, may differfrom healthy adults in their response to irritating and odoroussubstances.
To some degree, adequacy of control may rest upon subjec-tive evaluation. Panels of observers have been used to performsubjective evaluation of IAQ in buildings. Many contaminantshave odors or are irritants that may be detected by humanoccupants or visitors to a space. Generally, the air can be con-sidered acceptably free of annoying contaminants if 80% of apanel consisting of a group of untrained subjects exposed toknown concentrations of contaminants under representativecontrolled conditions of use and occupancy deems the air notto be objectionable.
When performing a subjective evaluation, an observershould enter the space in the manner of a normal visitor andshould render a judgment of acceptability within 15 seconds.
ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016 3
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Each observer should make the evaluation independently ofother observers and without influence from a panel leader.Users of subjective evaluation methods are cautioned thatthey only test odor and sensory responses. Some harmful con-taminants will not be detected by such tests. Carbon monox-ide and radon are two examples of odorless contaminants thatpose significant health risks. To evaluate the acceptability ofadapted persons (occupants), an observer should spend atleast six minutes in the space before rendering a judgment ofacceptability C-29.
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C-40.International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).2004. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcino-genic Risks to Humans: Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyeth-anol and 1-tert-Butoxy-2-propanol 88:2–9 (June).www.cie. iarc.fr/htdocs/announcements/vol88.html.
C-41.California Air Resources Board. 2005. CaliforniaAmbient Air Quality Standards. Sacramento, CA.http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/aaqs/caaqs/caaqs.htm.
C-42.Hodgson, A.T., and H. Levin. 2003. Volatile OrganicCompounds in Indoor Air: A Review of Concentra-tions Measured in North America Since 1990. LBLReport 51715, April 2003. http://eetd.lbl.gov/ied/pdf/LBNL-51715.pdf.
C-43.Hodgson, A.T., and H. Levin. 2003. Classification ofMeasured Indoor Volatile Organic CompoundsBased on Noncancer Health and Comfort Consider-ations. LBL Report 53308. Lawrence BerkeleyNational Laboratory, September 2003. http://eetd.lbl.gov/ied/pdf/LBNL-53308.pdf.
C-44.European Commission. 2004. Critical Appraisal of theSetting and Implementation of Indoor Exposure Lim-its in the EU (THE INDEX Project): Summary ofRecommendations and Management Options.December 2004. Joint Research Centre, Institute forHealth and Consumer Protection, Physical andChemical Exposure Unit, Ispra, Italy. Available athttp://ec.europa.eu/health/index_en.htm.
C-45.Levin, H. and A. T. Hodgson. 2006. VOC Concentra-tions of Interest in North American Offices andHomes. Proceedings Healthy Buildings 2006, Lis-bon, Portugal, 4-8 June, 2006, Vol. I, pp. 233-238.
C-46.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agencyfor Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR),Jan. 14, 2009. Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs). Accessi-ble at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls/
C-47.California Air Resources Board. 2008; Airborne ToxicControl Measure to Reduce Formaldehyde Emis-sions from Composite Wood Products. CaliforniaCode of Regulations, Title 17, Sections 93120-93120.12.Also available at http://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/compwood/compwood.htm.
C-48.FEMA Procurement Specification, Release NumberHQ-08-056, April 11, 2008. Available at: http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=43180.
ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016 5
© ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
Guide for Using TABLE C-1
The substances listed in Table C-1 are common air contaminants in industrial and nonindustrial environments. The values sum-marized in this table are from various sources with diverse procedures and criteria for establishing the values. Some are forindustrial environments (OSHA, MAK, NIOSH, ACGIH), some are for outdoor environments (NAAQS), and others are gen-eral (WHO) or indoor residential environment-related (Canadian) values. The following explanations are intended to assist thereader by providing a brief description of the criteria each agency used in adopting its guideline values.
• NAAQS: Outdoor air standards developed by the U.S. EPA under the Clean Air Act. By law, the values listed in these reg-ulations must be reviewed every five years. These concentrations are selected to protect not only the general populationbut also the most sensitive individuals.
• OSHA: Enforceable maximum exposures for industrial environments developed by OSHA (U.S. Department of Labor)through a formal rule-making process. Once an exposure limit has been set, levels can be changed only through reopeningthe rule-making process. These permissible exposure limits (PELs) are not selected to protect the most sensitive individu-als.
• MAK: Recommended maximum exposures for industrial environments developed by the Deutsche Forschungs Gemein-schaft, a German institution similar to the U.S. National Institutes of Health and NIOSH. Levels are set on a regular basis,with annual reviews and periodic republication of criteria levels. These levels are enforceable in Germany and are notselected to protect the most sensitive individuals.
• Canadian: Recommended maximum exposures for residences developed in 1987 and reaffirmed in 1995 by a committeeof provincial members convened by the federal government to establish consensus guideline-type levels. A revised versionis being considered. These are not intended to be enforced.
• WHO/Europe: Environmental (nonindustrial) guidelines developed in 1987 and updated in 1999 by the WHO Office forEurope (Denmark). Intended for application both to indoor and outdoor exposure.
• NIOSH: Recommended maximum exposure guidelines for industrial environments are developed by NIOSH (Centers forDisease Control) and published in a series of criteria documents. NIOSH criteria documents contain both a review of theliterature and a recommended exposure limit (REL) guideline. These are not enforceable, are not reviewed regularly, andare not selected to protect the most sensitive individuals. In some cases, they are set at levels above those deemed protec-tive of health because commonly available industrial hygiene practice does not reliably detect the substances at lower lev-els. (Note that methods used in nonindustrial settings are often more sensitive than NIOSH methods for industrial hygienemeasurements.)
• ACGIH: Recommended maximum exposures for industrial environments developed by ACGIH’s Threshold Limit Values(TLVs) Committee. The committee reviews the scientific literature and recommends exposure guidelines. The assump-tions are for usual industrial working conditions, 40-hour weeks, and single exposures. Surveillance practices for bothexposures and biological responses are often in place in the work environments where these levels are used. These levelsare not selected to protect the most sensitive individuals. About half of the TLVs are intended to protect against irritation.Published studies have shown that many of the TLVs intended to protect against irritation actually represent levels wheresome or all of the study subjects did report irritation C-33, C-34.
The table is not inclusive of all contaminants in indoor air, and achieving the listed indoor concentrations for all of thelisted substances does not ensure odor acceptability, avoidance of sensory irritation, or all adverse health effects for all occu-pants. In addition to indoor contaminant levels, the acceptability of indoor air also involves thermal conditions, indoor moisturelevels as they impact microbial growth, and other indoor environmental factors. ASHRAE is not selecting or recommendingdefault concentrations.
Users of this table should recognize that unlisted noxious contaminants can also cause unacceptable IAQ with regard tocomfort (sensory irritation), odors, and health. When such contaminants are known or might reasonably be expected to be pres-ent, selection of an acceptable concentration and exposure may require reference to other guidelines or a review and evaluationof relevant toxicological and epidemiological literature.
6 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016
© ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
TA
BL
EC
-1C
om
par
iso
no
fR
egu
lati
on
san
dG
uid
elin
esP
erti
nen
tto
Ind
oo
rE
nvi
ron
men
ts a
(The
user
ofan
yva
lue
inth
ista
ble
shou
ldta
kein
toac
coun
tthe
purp
ose
for
whi
chit
was
adop
ted
and
the
mea
nsby
whi
chit
was
deve
lope
d.)
Enf
orce
able
and
/or
Reg
ulat
ory
Lev
els
Non
enfo
rced
Gui
delin
es a
nd R
efer
ence
Lev
els
NA
AQ
S/E
PA (R
ef. C
-4)
OSH
A (R
ef. C
-5)
MA
K (R
ef. C
-2)
Can
adia
n (R
ef. C
-8)
WH
O/E
urop
e (R
ef. C
-11)
NIO
SH (R
ef. C
-13)
AC
GIH
(Ref
. C-1
)
Car
bon
diox
ide
5000
ppm
5000
ppm
10,0
00 p
pm [1
h]
3500
ppm
[L]
5000
ppm
30,0
00 p
pm [1
5 m
in]
5000
ppm
30,0
00 p
pm [1
5 m
in]
Car
bon
mon
oxid
e c9
ppm
g35
ppm
[1 h
] g50
ppm
30 p
pm60
ppm
[30
min
]11
ppm
[8 h
]25
ppm
[1 h
]90
ppm
[15
min
]50
ppm
[30
min
]25
ppm
[1 h
]10
ppm
[8 h
]
35 p
pm20
0 pp
m [C
]25
ppm
Form
alde
hyde
h0.
75 p
pm2
ppm
[15
min
]0.
3 pp
m1
ppm
i0.
1 pp
m [L
]0.
05 p
pm [L
] b0.
1 m
g/m
3 (0.0
81 p
pm)
[30
min
] p0.
016
ppm
0.1
ppm
[15
min
]0.
3 pp
m [C
]
Lead
1.5 μg
/m3 [3
mon
ths]
0.05
mg/
m3
0.1
mg/
m3
1 m
g/m
3 [30
min
]M
inim
ize
expo
sure
0.5 μg
/m3 [1
yr]
0.05
0 m
g/m
30.
05 m
g/m
3
Nitr
ogen
dio
xide
0.05
ppm
[1 y
r]5
ppm
[C]
5 pp
m10
ppm
[5 m
in]
0.05
ppm
0.25
ppm
[1 h
]0.
1 pp
m[1
h]
0.02
ppm
[1 y
r]1
ppm
[15
min
]3
ppm
5 pp
m [1
5 m
in]
Ozo
ne0.
12 p
pm [1
h] g
0.08
ppm
0.1
ppm
j0.
12 p
pm [1
h]
0.06
4 pp
m(1
20 μ
g/m
3 ) [8
h]0.
1 pp
m [C
]0.
05 p
pmk
0.08
ppm
l
0.1
ppm
m0.
2 pp
m n
Parti
cles
e <2
.5 μ
m M
MA
D d
15 μ
g/m
3 [1
yr] o
35 μ
g/m
3 [24
h] o
5 m
g/m
31.
5 m
g/m
3 for <
4 μm
0.1
mg/
m3 [
1 h]
0.04
0 m
g/m
3 [L]
3 m
g/m
3 [C
]
Parti
cles
e<1
0 μm
MM
AD
d15
0 μg
/m3 [2
4 h]
o4
mg/
m3
10 m
g/m
3 [C
]
Rad
on80
0 B
q/m
3 [1 y
r]
Sulfu
r dio
xide
0.03
ppm
[1 y
r]
0.14
ppm
[24
h] g
5 pp
m
0.5
ppm
1 pp
m i
0.38
ppm
[5 m
in]
0.01
9 pp
m0.
048
ppm
[24
h]0.
012
ppm
[1 y
r]2
ppm
5 pp
m [1
5 m
in]
2 pp
m5
ppm
[15
min
]
Tota
l par
ticle
s e15
mg/
m3
a.N
umbe
rs in
bra
cket
s [ ]
refe
r to
eith
er a
cei
ling
or to
ave
ragi
ng ti
mes
of l
ess t
han
or g
reat
er th
an e
ight
hou
rs (m
in =
min
utes
; h =
hou
rs; y
= y
ear;
C =
cei
ling,
L =
long
-term
). W
here
no
time
is sp
ecifi
ed, t
he a
vera
ging
tim
e is
eig
ht h
ours
.b.
Targ
et le
vel i
s 0.0
5 pp
m b
ecau
se o
f its
pot
entia
l car
cino
geni
c eff
ects
. Tot
al al
dehy
des l
imite
d to
1 p
pm. A
lthou
gh th
e epi
dem
iolo
gica
l stu
dies
cond
ucte
d to
dat
e pro
vide
littl
e con
vinc
ing
evid
ence
that
form
alde
hyde
is ca
rcin
ogen
ic in
hum
an p
opul
atio
ns,
beca
use
of th
is p
oten
tial,
indo
or le
vels
shou
ld b
e re
duce
d as
muc
h as
pos
sibl
e.c.
As o
ne ex
ampl
e reg
ardi
ng th
e use
of v
alue
s in
this
tabl
e, re
ader
s sho
uld
cons
ider
the a
pplic
abili
ty o
f car
bon
mon
oxid
e con
cent
ratio
ns. T
he co
ncen
tratio
ns co
nsid
ered
acce
ptab
le fo
r non
indu
stria
l, as
opp
osed
to in
dust
rial,
expo
sure
are s
ubst
antia
lly lo
wer
.Th
ese
low
er c
once
ntra
tions
(in
othe
r wor
ds, t
he a
mbi
ent a
ir qu
ality
stan
dard
s, w
hich
are
requ
ired
to c
onsi
der p
opul
atio
ns a
t hig
hest
risk
) are
set t
o pr
otec
t the
mos
t sen
sitiv
e su
bpop
ulat
ion,
indi
vidu
als w
ith p
re-e
xist
ing
hear
t con
ditio
ns.
d.M
MA
D =
mas
s med
ian
aero
dyna
mic
dia
met
er in
mic
rons
(mic
rom
eter
s). L
ess t
han
3.0 m
is c
onsi
dere
d re
spira
ble;
less
than
10 m
is c
onsi
dere
d in
hala
ble.
e.N
uisa
nce
parti
cles
not
oth
erw
ise
clas
sifie
d (P
NO
C),
not k
now
n to
con
tain
sign
ifica
nt a
mou
nts o
f asb
esto
s, le
ad, c
ryst
allin
e si
lica,
kno
wn
carc
inog
ens,
or o
ther
par
ticle
s kno
wn
to c
ause
sign
ifica
nt a
dver
se h
ealth
eff
ects
.f.
See
Tabl
e C
-2 fo
r the
U.S
. EPA
gui
delin
e.g.
Not
to b
e ex
ceed
ed m
ore
than
onc
e pe
r yea
rh.
The
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f Hou
sing
and
Urb
an D
evel
opm
ent a
dopt
ed re
gula
tions
con
cern
ing
form
alde
hyde
em
issi
ons f
rom
ply
woo
d an
d pa
rticl
eboa
rd in
tend
ed to
lim
it th
e ai
rbor
ne c
once
ntra
tion
of fo
rmal
dehy
de in
man
ufac
ture
d ho
mes
to 0
.4 p
pm. (
24C
FR P
art 3
280,
HU
D M
anuf
actu
red
Hom
e Con
stru
ctio
n an
d Sa
fety
Sta
ndar
ds).
In ad
ditio
n, C
alifo
rnia
Air
Res
ourc
es B
oard
Reg
ulat
ion
§931
20, e
ntitl
ed “A
irbor
ne T
oxic
Con
trol M
easu
re to
Red
uce F
orm
alde
hyde
Em
issi
ons f
rom
Com
posi
te W
ood
Prod
-uc
ts”
has s
peci
fic c
ham
ber-
base
d re
quire
men
ts fo
r com
posi
te w
ood
prod
ucts
sold
in C
alifo
rnia
C-4
7 . i.
Nev
er to
be
exce
eded
j.C
arci
noge
n, n
o m
axim
um v
alue
s est
ablis
hed
k.TL
V fo
r hea
vy w
ork
l.TL
V fo
r mod
erat
e w
ork
m.T
LV fo
r lig
ht w
ork
n.TL
V fo
r hea
vy, m
oder
ate,
or l
ight
wor
kloa
ds (l
ess t
han
or e
qual
to tw
o ho
urs)
o.62
FR38
652
- 387
60, J
uly
16, 1
997
p.Ep
idem
iolo
gica
l stu
dies
sugg
est a
caus
al re
latio
nshi
p be
twee
n ex
posu
re to
form
alde
hyde
and
naso
phar
ynge
al ca
ncer
, alth
ough
the c
oncl
usio
n is
tem
pere
d by
the s
mal
l num
bers
of o
bser
ved
and
expe
cted
case
s. Th
ere a
re al
so ep
idem
iolo
gica
l obs
erva
tions
of a
n as
soci
atio
n be
twee
n re
lativ
ely
high
occ
upat
iona
l exp
osur
es to
form
alde
hyde
and
sino
nasa
l can
cer.
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016 7
© ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
Gu
ide
for
Usi
ng
TA
BL
EC
-2
The
subs
tanc
es li
sted
in T
able
C-2
are
com
mon
air
cont
amin
ants
of c
once
rn in
non
indu
stria
l env
ironm
ents
. The
targ
et c
once
ntra
tions
that
hav
e be
en se
t or p
ropo
sed
by v
ario
us n
atio
nal o
r int
erna
-tio
nal o
rgan
izat
ions
con
cern
ed w
ith h
ealth
and
com
fort
effe
cts o
f out
door
and
indo
or a
ir ar
e lis
ted
for r
efer
ence
onl
y. T
he ta
ble
is n
ot in
clus
ive
of a
ll co
ntam
inan
ts in
indo
or a
ir, a
nd a
chie
ving
the
tar-
get i
ndoo
r con
cent
ratio
ns fo
r all
of th
e lis
ted
subs
tanc
es d
oes n
ot e
nsur
e fr
eedo
m fr
om se
nsor
y irr
itatio
n or
from
all
adve
rse
heal
th e
ffec
ts fo
r all
occu
pant
s. In
add
ition
to in
door
con
tam
inan
t lev
els,
the
acce
ptab
ility
of i
ndoo
r air
also
invo
lves
ther
mal
con
ditio
ns, i
ndoo
r moi
stur
e le
vels
as t
hey
impa
ct m
icro
bial
gro
wth
, and
oth
er in
door
env
ironm
enta
l fac
tors
. ASH
RA
E is
not
sele
ctin
g or
reco
m-
men
ding
def
ault
conc
entra
tions
. H
ealth
or c
omfo
rt ef
fect
s and
exp
osur
e pe
riods
that
are
the
basi
s for
the
guid
elin
e le
vels
are
list
ed in
the
“com
men
ts”
colu
mn.
For
des
ign,
the
goal
shou
ld b
e to
mee
t the
gui
delin
e le
vels
con
tin-
uous
ly d
urin
g oc
cupa
ncy
beca
use
peop
le sp
end
the
grea
t maj
ority
of t
heir
time
indo
ors.
Use
rs o
f thi
s tab
le sh
ould
reco
gniz
e th
at u
nlis
ted
noxi
ous c
onta
min
ants
can
als
o ca
use
unac
cept
able
IAQ
with
rega
rd to
com
fort
(sen
sory
irrit
atio
n), o
dors
, and
hea
lth. W
hen
such
con
tam
inan
tsar
e kn
own
or m
ight
reas
onab
ly b
e ex
pect
ed to
be
pres
ent,
sele
ctio
n of
an
acce
ptab
le c
once
ntra
tion
and
expo
sure
may
requ
ire re
fere
nce
to o
ther
gui
delin
es o
r a re
view
and
eva
luat
ion
of re
leva
nt to
xi-
colo
gica
l and
epi
dem
iolo
gica
l lite
ratu
re. (
Tabl
e C
-2 su
mm
ariz
es so
me
of th
is li
tera
ture
.)
TA
BL
EC
-2C
on
cen
trat
ion
of
Inte
rest
for
Sel
ecte
dC
on
tam
inan
ts(N
ote:
Ref
eren
ces
num
bers
that
are
follo
wed
by[c
]and
[m]l
istt
heco
ncen
trat
ions
ofin
tere
st[c
]and
mea
sure
men
tmet
hods
[m].
The
user
ofan
yva
lue
inth
ista
ble
shou
ldta
kein
toac
coun
tthe
purp
ose
for
whi
chit
was
adop
ted
and
the
mea
nsby
whi
chit
was
deve
lope
d.)
Con
tam
inan
tSo
urce
sC
once
ntra
tions
of In
tere
stC
omm
ents
Ref
eren
ces
Car
bon
Mon
oxid
e (C
O)
Leak
ing
vent
ed c
ombu
stio
n ap
plia
nces
Unv
ente
d co
mbu
stio
n ap
plia
nces
Park
ing
gara
ges
Out
door
air
9 pp
m (8
h)
Bas
ed o
n ef
fect
s on
pers
ons w
ith c
oron
ary
arte
ry d
isea
se, a
vera
ge e
xpos
ure
for e
ight
hou
rs.
Sust
aine
d in
door
con
cent
ratio
ns e
xcee
ding
out
door
con
cent
ratio
ns m
ay m
erit
furth
er in
vest
igat
ion.
Man
y ca
rbon
m
onox
ide
mea
surin
g in
stru
men
ts h
ave
limite
d ac
cura
cy a
t low
leve
ls.
Sour
ces—
burn
ing
of g
asol
ine,
nat
ural
gas
, coa
l, oi
l, et
c. (N
ote:
CO
is u
nlik
ely
to b
e th
e on
lyco
ntam
inan
t of c
once
rn in
par
king
gar
ages
or o
ther
spac
es w
here
veh
icle
s ope
rate
.)H
ealth
eff
ects
—re
duce
s abi
lity
of b
lood
to b
ring
oxyg
en to
bod
y ce
lls a
nd ti
ssue
s; c
ells
and
tiss
ues n
eed
oxyg
en to
w
ork.
Car
bon
mon
oxid
e m
ay b
e pa
rticu
larly
haz
ardo
us to
peo
ple
who
hav
e he
art o
r circ
ulat
ory
prob
lem
s and
peo
ple
who
hav
e da
mag
ed lu
ngs o
r bre
athi
ng p
assa
ges.
C-4
[c]
C-9
[m]
Form
alde
hyde
(H
CH
O)
Pres
sed-
woo
d pr
oduc
tsFu
rnitu
re a
nd fu
rnis
hing
s0.
1 m
g/m
3(0
.081
ppm
)(3
0 m
in)
Bas
ed o
n irr
itatio
n of
sens
itive
peo
ple,
30-
min
ute
expo
sure
(WH
O)
C-1
1 [c
]C
-9, 2
6 [m
]
27 p
pb (8
h)
Esta
blis
hed
as a
nev
er-to
-exc
eed
guid
elin
e to
avo
id ir
ritan
t eff
ects
in se
nsiti
ve in
divi
dual
s. D
oes n
ot p
rote
ct a
gain
st
form
alde
hyde
’s p
oten
tial c
arci
noge
nici
ty (C
alifo
rnia
Air
Res
ourc
es B
oard
). C
-16
45 p
pb (5
5 μg
/m3 ) (1
h)
7.3
ppb
(9 μ
g/m
3 ) (8
h)A
cute
and
8-h
our n
onca
ncer
Ref
eren
ce E
xpos
ure
Leve
ls (R
ELs)
dev
elop
ed b
ased
on
curr
ent
scie
ntifi
c da
taba
se (C
al-E
PA, O
EHH
A).
C-3
6
Hea
lth e
ffec
ts—
Acu
te a
nd c
hron
ic in
hala
tion
expo
sure
to fo
rmal
dehy
de in
hum
ans c
an re
sult
in e
ye, n
ose,
and
thro
at
irrita
tion,
resp
irato
ry sy
mpt
oms,
exac
erba
tion
of a
sthm
a, a
nd se
nsiti
zatio
n. H
uman
stud
ies h
ave
repo
rted
an
asso
ciat
ion
betw
een
form
alde
hyde
exp
osur
e an
d lu
ng a
nd n
asop
hary
ngea
l can
cer.
In 2
004,
the
Inte
rnat
iona
l Age
ncy
for R
esea
rch
on C
ance
r (IA
RC
) con
clud
ed th
at “
form
alde
hyde
is c
arci
noge
nic
to h
uman
s (G
roup
1),
on th
e ba
sis o
f su
ffici
ent e
vide
nce
in h
uman
s and
suffi
cien
t evi
denc
e in
exp
erim
enta
l ani
mal
s.”
C-1
9, 2
0,
36, 4
0
16 p
pb
FEM
A P
rocu
rem
ent S
peci
ficat
ion
for M
obile
Hom
esC
-48
a.U
SEPA
has
pro
mul
gate
d a
guid
elin
e va
lue
of 4
pC
i/L in
door
con
cent
ratio
n. T
his i
s not
a re
gula
tory
val
ue b
ut a
n ac
tion
leve
l whe
re m
itiga
tion
is re
com
men
ded
if th
e va
lue
is e
xcee
ded
in lo
ng-te
rm te
sts.
Con
vers
ion
Fact
ors C
-17
Parts
per
mill
ion
and
mas
s per
uni
t vol
ume:
Mea
sure
men
ts o
f ind
oor a
irbor
ne c
once
ntra
tions
of s
ubst
ance
s are
gen
eral
ly c
onve
rted
to st
anda
rd c
ondi
tions
of 7
7°F
(25°
C) a
nd 2
9.92
in. H
g (1
01.3
25 k
Pa) p
ress
ure.
Vap
ors o
r gas
es a
re o
ften
expr
esse
d in
par
ts p
er m
illio
n (p
pm) b
y vo
lum
e or
in
mas
s per
uni
t vol
ume.
Con
cent
ratio
ns in
ppm
by
volu
me
can
be c
onve
rted
to m
ass p
er u
nit v
olum
e va
lues
as f
ollo
ws:
ppm
× m
olec
ular
wei
ght/2
4,45
0 =
mg/
Lpp
m ×
mol
ecul
ar w
eigh
t/0.0
2445
= μ
g/m
3
ppm
× m
olec
ular
wei
ght/2
4.45
= m
g/m
3
ppm
× m
olec
ular
wei
ght ×
28.
3/24
,450
= m
g/ft3
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
8 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016
© ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
Lead
(Pb)
Pain
t dus
tO
utdo
or a
ir 1.
5 μg
/m3
Bas
ed o
n ad
vers
e ef
fect
s on
neur
opsy
chol
ogic
al fu
nctio
ning
of c
hild
ren,
ave
rage
exp
osur
e fo
r thr
ee m
onth
s (W
HO
: 0.
5–1 μg
/m3 fo
r 1 y
ear)
.So
urce
s—le
aded
gas
olin
e (b
eing
pha
sed
out),
pai
nt (h
ouse
s, ca
rs),
smel
ters
(met
al re
finer
ies)
, man
ufac
ture
of l
ead
stor
age
batte
ries.
Hea
lth e
ffec
ts—
brai
n an
d ot
her n
ervo
us sy
stem
dam
age;
chi
ldre
n ar
e at
spec
ial r
isk.
Som
e le
ad-c
onta
inin
g ch
emic
als
caus
e ca
ncer
in a
nim
als.
Lead
cau
ses d
iges
tive
and
othe
r hea
lth p
robl
ems.
Envi
ronm
enta
l eff
ects
—Le
ad c
an h
arm
wild
life.
C-4
[c]
C-4
[m]
C-1
8
Nitr
ogen
Dio
xide
(NO
2)Le
akin
g ve
nted
com
bust
ion
appl
ianc
esU
nven
ted
com
bust
ion
appl
ianc
esO
utdo
or a
ir Pa
rkin
g ga
rage
s
100 μg
/m3
Bas
ed o
n pr
ovid
ing
prot
ectio
n ag
ains
t adv
erse
resp
irato
ry e
ffec
ts, a
vera
ge e
xpos
ure
for o
ne y
ear.
C-4
[c]
C-9
[m]
C-1
8So
urce
s—bu
rnin
g of
gas
olin
e, n
atur
al g
as, c
oal,
oil,
etc.
Car
s are
an
impo
rtant
sour
ce o
f NO
2 out
door
s and
coo
king
an
d w
ater
- and
spac
e-he
atin
g de
vice
s are
impo
rtant
sour
ces i
ndoo
rs.
Hea
lth e
ffec
ts—
lung
dam
age,
illn
esse
s of b
reat
hing
pas
sage
s and
lung
s (re
spira
tory
syst
em).
Envi
ronm
enta
l eff
ects
—N
itrog
en d
ioxi
de is
a c
ompo
nent
of a
cid
rain
(aci
d ae
roso
ls),
whi
ch c
an d
amag
e tre
es a
nd
lake
s. A
cid
aero
sols
can
redu
ce v
isib
ility
. Pr
oper
ty d
amag
e—A
cid
aero
sols
can
eat
aw
ay st
one
used
on
build
ings
, sta
tues
, mon
umen
ts, e
tc.
470 μg
/m3
24-h
our a
vera
ge to
pre
vent
hig
h ex
posu
res d
urin
g us
e of
com
bust
ion
appl
ianc
es su
ch a
s spa
ce-h
eatin
g de
vice
s and
gas
st
oves
.C
-41
Odo
rsO
ccup
ants
VO
C so
urce
s (in
clud
ing
fung
al
sour
ces s
uch
as m
old)
Coo
king
, foo
d pr
oces
sing
,se
wag
e, b
iow
aste
faci
litie
s, et
c.
Pred
icte
d (o
r mea
sure
d) ac
cept
abili
ty
to 8
0% o
r mor
e of
occ
upan
ts
or v
isito
rs
CO
2 con
cent
ratio
n ca
n be
use
d as
a su
rrog
ate
for o
ccup
ant o
dors
(odo
rous
bio
efflu
ents
). Se
e In
form
ativ
e A
ppen
dix
D
for a
dis
cuss
ion
of in
door
CO
2 lev
els a
nd v
entil
atio
n ra
tes.
For s
ourc
es o
ther
than
peo
ple,
sour
ce c
ontro
l is
reco
mm
ende
d.
C-1
2, 2
4, 2
9,
30 [c
] C
-9 (C
O2)
, C
-15
(odo
r)
[m]
Ozo
ne (O
3)El
ectro
stat
ic a
pplia
nces
Off
ice
mac
hine
sO
zone
gen
erat
ors
Out
door
air
100 μg
/m3
(50
ppb)
Bas
ed o
n 25
% in
crea
se in
sym
ptom
exa
cerb
atio
ns a
mon
g ad
ults
or a
sthm
atic
s (no
rmal
act
ivity
), ei
ght-h
our e
xpos
ure
(WH
O);
cont
inuo
us e
xpos
ure
(FD
A).
Ozo
ne p
rese
nt a
t lev
els b
elow
the
conc
entra
tion
of in
tere
st m
ay c
ontri
bute
to th
e de
grad
atio
n of
indo
or a
ir qu
ality
di
rect
ly a
nd b
y re
actin
g w
ith o
ther
con
tam
inan
ts in
the
indo
or sp
ace.
Gro
und-
leve
l ozo
ne is
the
prin
cipa
l com
pone
nt o
f sm
og.
Sour
ces—
outd
oors
, fro
m c
hem
ical
reac
tion
of p
ollu
tant
s, V
OC
s, an
d N
Ox;
indo
ors,
from
pho
toco
pier
s, la
ser p
rinte
rs,
ozon
e ge
nera
tors
, ele
ctro
stat
ic p
reci
pita
tors
, and
som
e ot
her a
ir cl
eane
rs.
Hea
lth e
ffec
ts—
brea
thin
g pr
oble
ms,
redu
ced
lung
func
tion,
ast
hma,
irrit
ated
eye
s, st
uffy
nos
e, re
duce
d re
sist
ance
to
cold
s and
oth
er in
fect
ions
. May
spee
d up
agi
ng o
f lun
g tis
sue.
Envi
ronm
enta
l eff
ects
—O
utdo
ors,
ozon
e ca
n da
mag
e pl
ants
and
tree
s; sm
og c
an c
ause
redu
ced
visi
bilit
y.
Prop
erty
dam
age—
Indo
ors a
nd o
utdo
ors,
ozon
e da
mag
es n
atur
al a
nd sy
nthe
tic ru
bber
s, pl
astic
s, fa
bric
s, et
c.
C-6
, 11
[c]
C-6
[m]
C-1
8
Parti
cles
(PM
2.5)
Com
bust
ion
prod
ucts
, coo
king
,ca
ndle
s, in
cens
e, re
susp
ensi
on,
outd
oor a
ir, d
iese
l exh
aust
, and
pa
rkin
g ga
rage
s
15 μ
g/m
3C
-4
TA
BL
EC
-2C
on
cen
trat
ion
of
Inte
rest
for
Sel
ecte
dC
on
tam
inan
ts(C
on
tin
ued
)(N
ote:
Ref
eren
ces
num
bers
that
are
follo
wed
by[c
]and
[m]l
istt
heco
ncen
trat
ions
ofin
tere
st[c
]and
mea
sure
men
tmet
hods
[m].
The
user
ofan
yva
lue
inth
ista
ble
shou
ldta
kein
toac
coun
tthe
purp
ose
for
whi
chit
was
adop
ted
and
the
mea
nsby
whi
chit
was
deve
lope
d.)
Con
tam
inan
tSo
urce
sC
once
ntra
tions
of In
tere
stC
omm
ents
Ref
eren
ces
a.U
SEPA
has
pro
mul
gate
d a
guid
elin
e va
lue
of 4
pC
i/L in
door
con
cent
ratio
n. T
his i
s not
a re
gula
tory
val
ue b
ut a
n ac
tion
leve
l whe
re m
itiga
tion
is re
com
men
ded
if th
e va
lue
is e
xcee
ded
in lo
ng-te
rm te
sts.
Con
vers
ion
Fact
ors C
-17
Parts
per
mill
ion
and
mas
s per
uni
t vol
ume:
Mea
sure
men
ts o
f ind
oor a
irbor
ne c
once
ntra
tions
of s
ubst
ance
s are
gen
eral
ly c
onve
rted
to st
anda
rd c
ondi
tions
of 7
7°F
(25°
C) a
nd 2
9.92
in. H
g (1
01.3
25 k
Pa) p
ress
ure.
Vap
ors o
r gas
es a
re o
ften
expr
esse
d in
par
ts p
er m
illio
n (p
pm) b
y vo
lum
e or
in
mas
s per
uni
t vol
ume.
Con
cent
ratio
ns in
ppm
by
volu
me
can
be c
onve
rted
to m
ass p
er u
nit v
olum
e va
lues
as f
ollo
ws:
ppm
× m
olec
ular
wei
ght/2
4,45
0 =
mg/
Lpp
m ×
mol
ecul
ar w
eigh
t/0.0
2445
= μ
g/m
3
ppm
× m
olec
ular
wei
ght/2
4.45
= m
g/m
3
ppm
× m
olec
ular
wei
ght ×
28.
3/24
,450
= m
g/ft3
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016 9
© ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
Parti
cles
(PM
10)
Dus
tSm
oke
Det
erio
ratin
g m
ater
ials
Out
door
air
50 μ
g/m
3B
ased
on
prot
ectin
g ag
ains
t res
pira
tory
mor
bidi
ty in
the
gene
ral p
opul
atio
n an
d av
oidi
ng e
xace
rbat
ion
of a
sthm
a,
aver
age
expo
sure
for o
ne y
ear,
no c
arci
noge
ns. I
ndoo
r con
cent
ratio
ns a
re n
orm
ally
low
er; g
uide
line
leve
l may
lead
to
unac
cept
able
dep
ositi
on o
f “du
st.”
C-4
[c]
C-4
[m]
Sour
ces—
burn
ing
of w
ood,
die
sel,
and
othe
r fue
ls; i
ndus
trial
pla
nts;
agric
ultu
re (p
low
ing,
bur
ning
off
fiel
ds);
unpa
ved
road
s. H
ealth
eff
ects
—no
se a
nd th
roat
irrit
atio
n, lu
ng d
amag
e, b
ronc
hitis
, ear
ly d
eath
. En
viro
nmen
tal e
ffec
ts—
Parti
cula
tes a
re th
e m
ain
sour
ce o
f haz
e th
at re
duce
s vis
ibili
ty.
Prop
erty
dam
age—
Ash
es, s
oot,
smok
e, a
nd d
ust c
an d
irty
and
disc
olor
stru
ctur
es a
nd o
ther
pro
perty
, inc
ludi
ng c
loth
es
and
furn
iture
.C
-18
Rad
on (R
n)So
il ga
s4
pCi/L
aB
ased
on
lung
can
cer,
aver
age
expo
sure
for o
ne y
ear.
C-7
[c,m
]C
-10
[m]
Sulfu
rD
ioxi
de(S
O2)
Unv
ente
d sp
ace
heat
ers (
kero
sene
)O
utdo
or a
ir 80
μg/
m3
Bas
ed o
n pr
otec
ting
agai
nst r
espi
rato
ry m
orbi
dity
in th
e ge
nera
l pop
ulat
ion
and
avoi
ding
exa
cerb
atio
n of
ast
hma,
av
erag
e ex
posu
re fo
r one
yea
r (W
HO
: 50 μg
/m3 if
with
PM
).So
urce
—bu
rnin
g of
coa
l and
oil,
esp
ecia
lly h
igh-
sulfu
r coa
l fro
m th
e ea
ster
n U
nite
d St
ates
; ind
ustri
al p
roce
sses
(p
aper
, met
als)
. H
ealth
eff
ects
—br
eath
ing
prob
lem
s; m
ay c
ause
per
man
ent d
amag
e to
lung
s. En
viro
nmen
tal e
ffec
ts—
SO2 i
s a c
ompo
nent
of a
cid
rain
(aci
d ae
roso
ls),
whi
ch c
an d
amag
e tre
es a
nd la
kes.
Aci
d ae
roso
ls c
an a
lso
redu
ce v
isib
ility
. Pr
oper
ty d
amag
e—A
cid
aero
sols
can
eat
aw
ay st
one
used
in b
uild
ings
, sta
tues
, mon
umen
ts, e
tc.
C-4
[c]
C-4
[m]
C-1
8
Tota
l Vol
atile
O
rgan
icC
ompo
unds
(TV
OC
s)
New
bui
ldin
g m
ater
ials
and
fu
rnis
hing
sC
onsu
mab
le p
rodu
cts
Mai
nten
ance
mat
eria
lsO
utdo
or a
ir
Prec
ise
guid
ance
on
TVO
C
conc
entra
tions
can
not
be g
iven
A v
arie
ty o
f def
initi
ons o
f TV
OC
hav
e be
en e
mpl
oyed
in th
e pa
st. R
efer
ence
C-2
7 co
ntai
ns a
spec
ific
defin
ition
that
re
flect
s rec
ent t
hink
ing
on th
e su
bjec
t.Th
ere
is in
suff
icie
nt e
vide
nce
that
TV
OC
mea
sure
men
ts c
an b
e us
ed to
pre
dict
hea
lth o
r com
fort
effe
cts.
In a
dditi
on,
odor
and
irrit
atio
n re
spon
ses t
o or
gani
c co
mpo
unds
are
hig
hly
varia
ble.
Fur
ther
mor
e, n
o si
ngle
met
hod
curr
ently
in
use
mea
sure
s all
orga
nic
com
poun
ds th
at m
ay b
e of
inte
rest
. The
refo
re, s
ome
inve
stig
ator
s hav
e re
porte
d th
e to
tal o
f al
l mea
sure
d V
OC
s as t
he S
umV
OC
in o
rder
to m
ake
expl
icit
that
the
repo
rted
valu
e do
es n
ot re
pres
ent t
he to
tal o
f all
VO
Cs p
rese
nt. S
ome
of th
e re
fere
nces
incl
uded
her
e us
e th
is m
etho
d fo
r pre
sent
ing
VO
C m
easu
rem
ent r
esul
ts.
Setti
ng ta
rget
con
cent
ratio
ns fo
r TV
OC
s is n
ot re
com
men
ded.
Set
ting
targ
et c
once
ntra
tions
for s
peci
fic V
OC
s of
conc
ern
is p
refe
rred
.
C-9
[m]
C-1
4, 2
6-28
, 35
, 37
Vol
atile
Org
anic
C
ompo
unds
(V
OC
s)(S
ee T
able
C-3
fo
r a li
st o
f se
lect
ed
com
poun
ds)
New
bui
ldin
g m
ater
ials
and
fu
rnis
hing
sC
onsu
mab
le p
rodu
cts
Mai
nten
ance
mat
eria
lsO
utdo
or a
ir Pa
rkin
g ga
rage
sR
efue
ling
stat
ions
Mus
t be
dete
rmin
ed fo
r ea
ch in
divi
dual
com
poun
d(S
ee T
able
C-3
for a
list
of
sele
cted
com
poun
ds)
Indi
vidu
al v
olat
ile o
rgan
ic c
ompo
unds
may
be
cont
amin
ants
of c
once
rn in
the
appl
icat
ion
of th
e IA
Q P
roce
dure
. C
once
ntra
tions
of c
once
rn ra
nge
from
less
than
1 p
art p
er b
illio
n (p
pb) f
or so
me
very
toxi
c co
mpo
unds
or f
or
com
poun
ds h
avin
g ve
ry lo
w o
dor t
hres
hold
s up
to c
once
ntra
tions
seve
ral o
rder
s of m
agni
tude
hig
her.
Not
all
com
poun
ds c
an b
e id
entif
ied,
and
toxi
colo
gica
l dat
a ar
e in
com
plet
e fo
r man
y co
mpo
unds
.
C-2
2–26
, 28,
42
, 43,
44
[c]
C-9
, 10,
21
[m]
C-1
1, 1
5, 3
6,
38, 3
9, 1
1
TA
BL
EC
-2C
on
cen
trat
ion
of
Inte
rest
for
Sel
ecte
dC
on
tam
inan
ts(C
on
tin
ued
)(N
ote:
Ref
eren
ces
num
bers
that
are
follo
wed
by[c
]and
[m]l
istt
heco
ncen
trat
ions
ofin
tere
st[c
]and
mea
sure
men
tmet
hods
[m].
The
user
ofan
yva
lue
inth
ista
ble
shou
ldta
kein
toac
coun
tthe
purp
ose
for
whi
chit
was
adop
ted
and
the
mea
nsby
whi
chit
was
deve
lope
d.)
Con
tam
inan
tSo
urce
sC
once
ntra
tions
of In
tere
stC
omm
ents
Ref
eren
ces
a.U
SEPA
has
pro
mul
gate
d a
guid
elin
e va
lue
of 4
pC
i/L in
door
con
cent
ratio
n. T
his i
s not
a re
gula
tory
val
ue b
ut a
n ac
tion
leve
l whe
re m
itiga
tion
is re
com
men
ded
if th
e va
lue
is e
xcee
ded
in lo
ng-te
rm te
sts.
Con
vers
ion
Fact
ors C
-17
Parts
per
mill
ion
and
mas
s per
uni
t vol
ume:
Mea
sure
men
ts o
f ind
oor a
irbor
ne c
once
ntra
tions
of s
ubst
ance
s are
gen
eral
ly c
onve
rted
to st
anda
rd c
ondi
tions
of 7
7°F
(25°
C) a
nd 2
9.92
in. H
g (1
01.3
25 k
Pa) p
ress
ure.
Vap
ors o
r gas
es a
re o
ften
expr
esse
d in
par
ts p
er m
illio
n (p
pm) b
y vo
lum
e or
in
mas
s per
uni
t vol
ume.
Con
cent
ratio
ns in
ppm
by
volu
me
can
be c
onve
rted
to m
ass p
er u
nit v
olum
e va
lues
as f
ollo
ws:
ppm
× m
olec
ular
wei
ght/2
4,45
0 =
mg/
Lpp
m ×
mol
ecul
ar w
eigh
t/0.0
2445
= μ
g/m
3
ppm
× m
olec
ular
wei
ght/2
4.45
= m
g/m
3
ppm
× m
olec
ular
wei
ght ×
28.
3/24
,450
= m
g/ft3
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
10 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016
© ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
Gu
ide
for
Usi
ng
Tab
leC
-3
Tabl
e C
-3 p
rovi
des
info
rmat
ion
that
may
be
bene
ficia
l for
des
igne
rs w
ho c
hoos
e to
com
ply
with
the
Indo
or A
ir Q
ualit
y Pr
oced
ure
of th
is S
tand
ard.
The
VO
Cs
incl
uded
in th
eta
ble
wer
e re
porte
d in
pub
lishe
d, p
eer-
revi
ewed
surv
eys c
ondu
cted
in o
ffic
e bu
ildin
gs a
nd in
new
and
exi
stin
g re
side
nces
in N
orth
Am
eric
a du
ring
the
perio
d 19
90–2
000 C
-42,
C-
43,C
-45 . O
nly
thos
e V
OC
s for
whi
ch e
xpos
ure
guid
elin
es fo
r the
gen
eral
pop
ulat
ion
have
bee
n de
velo
ped
by c
ogni
zant
aut
horit
ies a
re li
sted
in T
able
C-3
.R
efer
ence
Exp
osur
e Le
vels
(R
ELs)
are
gui
delin
es f
or a
cute
, 8-
hour
and
chr
onic
inh
alat
ion
expo
sure
s de
velo
ped
by C
alifo
rnia
Off
ice
of H
ealth
Haz
ard
Ass
essm
ent
(OEH
HA
). M
inim
al R
isk
Leve
ls (M
RLs
) for
haz
ardo
us s
ubst
ance
s ar
e gu
idel
ines
for a
cute
, int
erm
edia
te a
nd c
hron
ic in
hala
tion
expo
sure
s de
velo
ped
by th
e A
genc
y fo
r Tox
icSu
bsta
nces
and
Dis
ease
Reg
istry
(ATS
DR
). Fa
ctor
s for
μg/
m3 to
ppb
con
cent
ratio
n co
nver
sion
s are
show
n.Th
e ta
ble
does
not
pur
port
to re
pres
ent (
a) a
ll po
ssib
le c
hem
ical
s fou
nd in
non
indu
stria
l ind
oor e
nviro
nmen
ts a
nd (b
) all
conc
entra
tion
guid
elin
es, s
tand
ards
, and
regu
lato
rylim
its. P
ublis
hed,
pee
r-re
view
ed su
rvey
s con
duct
ed in
off
ice
build
ings
and
in n
ew a
nd e
xist
ing
resi
denc
es in
Nor
th A
mer
ica
sinc
e 20
00 m
ay id
entif
y se
vera
l mor
e co
mpo
unds
, for
som
e of
whi
ch g
uide
lines
may
be
avai
labl
e fr
om th
e co
gniz
ant a
utho
ritie
s des
crib
ed a
bove
.
TA
BL
EC
-3C
on
cen
trat
ion
so
fIn
tere
stfo
rS
elec
ted
Vo
lati
leO
rgan
icC
om
po
un
ds
Com
poun
dC
AS
Num
ber
Che
mic
alC
lass
aC
onve
rsio
n Fa
ctor
:μg
/m3 to
ppb
b
CA
OE
HH
A R
EL C
-36
AT
SDR
MR
L C-4
6
Acu
te c
(μg/
m3 )
8-h d
(μg/
m3 )
Chr
onic
e
(μg/
m3 )
Acu
te f
(ppb
)In
term
edia
te g
(ppb
)C
hron
ic h
(ppb
)
Ace
tald
ehyd
e75
-07-
0A
ld0.
554
470
300
140
Acr
olei
n10
7-02
-8A
ld0.
436
2.5
0.7
0.35
30.
4
Acr
ylon
itrile
107-
13-1
Mis
c0.
460
510
0
Ben
zene
71-4
3-2
Aro
m0.
313
1300
609
63
Bro
mom
etha
ne(M
ethy
l bro
mid
e)74
-83-
9H
alo
0.25
850
505
1,3-
But
adie
ne10
6-99
-0A
lke
0.45
220
2-B
utan
one
78-9
3-3
Ket
0.33
913
,000
2-B
utox
yeth
anol
111-
76-2
Gly
0.20
760
0030
0020
0
t-But
yl m
ethy
l eth
er(M
ethy
l-t-b
utyl
eth
er)
1634
-04-
4Et
hr0.
277
8000
2000
700
700
Car
bon
disu
lfide
75-1
5-0
Mis
c0.
321
6200
800
300
Car
bon
tetra
chlo
ride
56-2
3-5
Hal
o0.
159
1900
4030
30
Chl
orob
enze
ne10
8-90
-7C
lAro
0.21
710
00
Chl
orof
orm
67-6
6-3
Hal
o0.
205
150
300
100
5020
1,4-
Dic
hlor
oben
zene
106-
46-7
ClA
ro0.
166
800
2000
200
10
a.A
lc =
alco
hol;
Ethr
= et
her;
Gly
= g
lyco
l eth
er; K
et =
ket
one;
Ald
= al
dehy
de; E
str =
acet
ates
and
othe
r est
ers;
Aci
d =
carb
oxyl
ic ac
id; A
lka =
alka
ne H
C; A
lke =
alke
ne H
C; C
ycl =
cycl
ic H
C; T
erp
= te
rpen
e HC
; Aro
m =
arom
atic
HC
; ClA
ro =
chlo
rinat
edar
omat
ic H
C; H
alo
= ha
loge
nate
d al
ipha
tic H
C; M
isc
= m
isce
llane
ous c
ateg
ory
b.C
onve
rsio
n fa
ctor
s fro
m μ
g/m
3 to p
pbc.
Expo
sure
ave
ragi
ng ti
me
is 1
hou
rd.
Expo
sure
ave
ragi
ng ti
me
is 8
hou
rs a
nd w
hich
may
be
repe
ated
e.D
esig
ned
to a
ddre
ss c
ontin
uous
exp
osur
es fo
r up
to a
life
time:
the
expo
sure
met
ric u
sed
is th
e an
nual
ave
rage
exp
osur
ef.
Expo
sure
to a
che
mic
al fo
r a d
urat
ion
of 1
4 da
ys o
r les
s, as
spec
ified
in th
e to
xico
logi
cal p
rofil
esg.
Expo
sure
to a
che
mic
al fo
r a d
urat
ion
of 1
5–36
4 da
ys, a
s spe
cifie
d in
the
toxi
colo
gica
l pro
files
h.Ex
posu
re to
a c
hem
ical
for 3
65 d
ays o
r mor
e, a
s spe
cifie
d in
the
toxi
colo
gica
l pro
files
i.Se
e al
so T
able
s C-1
and
C-2
for a
dditi
onal
gui
danc
e on
form
alde
hyde
.
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016 11
© ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
1,2-
Dic
hlor
oeth
ane
(Eth
ylen
e di
chlo
ride)
107-
06-2
Hal
o0.
247
600
Dic
hlor
omet
hane
(Met
hyle
ne c
hlor
ide)
75-0
9-2
Hal
o0.
288
14,0
0040
060
030
030
0
1,4-
Dio
xane
123-
91-1
Ethr
0.27
830
0030
0020
0010
0010
00
Ethy
lben
zene
100-
41-4
Aro
m0.
230
2000
10,0
0070
030
0
Ethy
lene
gly
col
107-
21-1
Gly
0.39
440
078
8
Form
alde
hyde
i50
-00-
0A
ld0.
815
559
940
308
n-H
exan
e11
0-54
-3A
lka
0.28
470
0060
0
Nap
htha
lene
91-2
0-3
Aro
m0.
191
90.
7
Phen
ol10
8-95
-2A
lc0.
260
5800
200
2-Pr
opan
ol(I
sopr
opan
ol)
67-6
3-0
Alc
0.40
732
0070
00
2-Pr
opan
one
(Ace
tone
)67
-64-
1K
et0.
421
26,0
0013
,000
13,0
00
Styr
ene
100-
42-5
Aro
m0.
235
21,0
0090
020
0020
0
Tetra
chlo
roet
hene
(Tet
rach
loro
ethy
lene
,Pe
rchl
oroe
thyl
ene)
127-
18-4
Hal
o0.
147
20,0
0035
200
40
Tolu
ene
108-
88-3
Aro
m0.
265
37,0
0030
010
0080
1,1,
1-Tr
ichl
oroe
than
e(M
ethy
l chl
orof
orm
)71
-55-
6H
alo
0.18
368
,000
1000
2000
700
Tric
hlor
oeth
ene
(Tric
hlor
oeth
ylen
e)79
-01-
6H
alo
0.18
660
020
0010
0
Vin
yl c
hlor
ide
75-0
1-4
Hal
o0.
391
180,
000
500
30
Xyl
ene
isom
ers
1330
-20-
7A
rom
0.23
022
,000
700
2000
600
50
TA
BL
EC
-3C
on
cen
trat
ion
so
fIn
tere
stfo
rS
elec
ted
Vo
lati
leO
rgan
icC
om
po
un
ds
(Co
nti
nu
ed)
Com
poun
dC
AS
Num
ber
Che
mic
alC
lass
aC
onve
rsio
n Fa
ctor
:μg
/m3 to
ppb
b
CA
OE
HH
A R
EL C
-36
AT
SDR
MR
L C-4
6
Acu
te c
(μg/
m3 )
8-h d
(μg/
m3 )
Chr
onic
e
(μg/
m3 )
Acu
te f
(ppb
)In
term
edia
te g
(ppb
)C
hron
ic h
(ppb
)
a.A
lc =
alco
hol;
Ethr
= et
her;
Gly
= g
lyco
l eth
er; K
et =
ket
one;
Ald
= al
dehy
de; E
str =
acet
ates
and
othe
r est
ers;
Aci
d =
carb
oxyl
ic ac
id; A
lka =
alka
ne H
C; A
lke =
alke
ne H
C; C
ycl =
cycl
ic H
C; T
erp
= te
rpen
e HC
; Aro
m =
arom
atic
HC
; ClA
ro =
chlo
rinat
edar
omat
ic H
C; H
alo
= ha
loge
nate
d al
ipha
tic H
C; M
isc
= m
isce
llane
ous c
ateg
ory
b.C
onve
rsio
n fa
ctor
s fro
m μ
g/m
3 to p
pbc.
Expo
sure
ave
ragi
ng ti
me
is 1
hou
rd.
Expo
sure
ave
ragi
ng ti
me
is 8
hou
rs a
nd w
hich
may
be
repe
ated
e.D
esig
ned
to a
ddre
ss c
ontin
uous
exp
osur
es fo
r up
to a
life
time:
the
expo
sure
met
ric u
sed
is th
e an
nual
ave
rage
exp
osur
ef.
Expo
sure
to a
che
mic
al fo
r a d
urat
ion
of 1
4 da
ys o
r les
s, as
spec
ified
in th
e to
xico
logi
cal p
rofil
esg.
Expo
sure
to a
che
mic
al fo
r a d
urat
ion
of 1
5–36
4 da
ys, a
s spe
cifie
d in
the
toxi
colo
gica
l pro
files
h.Ex
posu
re to
a c
hem
ical
for 3
65 d
ays o
r mor
e, a
s spe
cifie
d in
the
toxi
colo
gica
l pro
files
i.Se
e al
so T
able
s C-1
and
C-2
for a
dditi
onal
gui
danc
e on
form
alde
hyde
.
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
12 ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016
POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAE’S CONCERNFOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIES
ASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members’ activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment.ASHRAE’s members will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment ofthe systems and components in their responsibility while maximizing the beneficial effects these systems provide,consistent with accepted Standards and the practical state of the art.
ASHRAE’s short-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope do not impact theindoor and outdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the Standards and Guidelines as established byitself and other responsible bodies.
As an ongoing goal, ASHRAE will, through its Standards Committee and extensive Technical Committee structure,continue to generate up-to-date Standards and Guidelines where appropriate and adopt, recommend, and promotethose new and revised Standards developed by other responsible organizations.
Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters will contain up-to-date Standards and design considerations as thematerial is systematically revised.
ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its primary interest andwill seek out and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as guides to updatingStandards and Guidelines.
The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within the scope of thesystem’s intended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous materials, if any, will also be considered.
ASHRAE’s primary concern for environmental impact will be at the site where equipment within ASHRAE’s scopeoperates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source andenergy transportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selectionshould be made by its members.
© ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
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About ASHRAE
ASHRAE, founded in 1894, is a global society advancing human well-being through sustainable technology for thebuilt environment. The Society and its members focus on building systems, energy efficiency, indoor air quality,refrigeration, and sustainability. Through research, Standards writing, publishing, certification and continuingeducation, ASHRAE shapes tomorrow’s built environment today.
For more information or to become a member of ASHRAE, visit www.ashrae.org.
To stay current with this and other ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines, visit www.ashrae.org/standards.
Visit the ASHRAE Bookstore
ASHRAE offers its Standards and Guidelines in print, as immediately downloadable PDFs, on CD-ROM, and viaASHRAE Digital Collections, which provides online access with automatic updates as well as historical versions ofpublications. Selected Standards and Guidelines are also offered in redline versions that indicate the changes madebetween the active Standard or Guideline and its previous version. For more information, visit the Standards andGuidelines section of the ASHRAE Bookstore at www.ashrae.org/bookstore.
IMPORTANT NOTICES ABOUT THIS STANDARD
To ensure that you have all of the approved addenda, errata, and interpretations for thisStandard, visit www.ashrae.org/standards to download them free of charge.
Addenda, errata, and interpretations for ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are no longerdistributed with copies of the Standards and Guidelines. ASHRAE provides these addenda,errata, and interpretations only in electronic form to promote more sustainable use ofresources.
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