Name: ___________________________________________ Date: _______________________ Introduction to Microbes and Infectious Disease Station 1) Pathogens Pathogens are ___________________ capable of causing _______________. Examples: • ___________________ • ___________________ ___________________ • ___________________ Pathogens release __________ that make us sick; can lead to _______________ if le< untreated. What are opportunis>c pathogens? ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________. Station 3) Discovery Bacteria Single celled _______________. The most common pathogen; though most bacteria is ______ _________________ or highly pathogenic. Treated with _________________. Fungi Fungi can be single celled or mul>cellular. Made up of ________________ cells (________, __________) Fungi is a necessary component of the earth cycle’s; most fungi is ____ ____________. Infec>ous fungi is treated with ________________. Protozoan Parasites Single celled ___________________. Many need mul>ple ________ throughout their life cycle (such as an insect or rodent ___________). Treated with _________________ agents. Viruses Viruses are made up of encapsulated ______ and protein; _____ ____________. Not all viruses are harmful to humans. Can be treated using _______________. Station 2) General Types of Pathogens My name is Anton von Leeuwenhoek, and in _____ I documented my discovery of ____________________. Before bacteria was readily understood, what did people think caused diseases, such as Syphilis? ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________. Station 4) The Savior of Mothers Who was Ignaz Semmelweis? ________________________________________ ________________________________. What is childbed fever? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ______________________________. Why is Semmelweis known as the “savior” of mothers? ______________________________ _______________________________________. Station 5) Robert Koch’s Experiments Mice + Blood from healthy farm animal Mice + Blood from unhealthy/dead farm animal Summarize Koch’s experiments by wri>ng either “health” or “death” in the text boxes What did Koch’s experiment prove? __________________________________________ _________________________________________. Name one other accomplishment of Koch’s: __________________________________________ _________________________________________. Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”) www.biologyroots.com
Station 1) Pathogens Pathogens are ___________________ capable of causing _______________. Examples: • ___________________ • ___________________
___________________ • ___________________
Pathogens release __________ that make us sick; can lead to _______________ if le< untreated. What are opportunis>c pathogens? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Station 3) Discovery
Bacteria Single celled _______________. The most common pathogen; though most bacteria is ______ _________________ or highly pathogenic.
Treated with _________________.
Fungi Fungi can be single celled or mul>cellular. Made up of ________________ cells (________, __________) Fungi is a necessary component of the earth cycle’s;
most fungi is ____ ____________. Infec>ous fungi is treated with ________________.
Protozoan Parasites Single celled ___________________.
Many need mul>ple ________ throughout their life cycle (such as an insect or rodent ___________).
Treated with _________________ agents. Viruses Viruses are made up of encapsulated ______ and protein; _____ ____________.
Not all viruses are harmful to humans. Can be treated using _______________.
Station 2) General Types of Pathogens
My name is Anton von Leeuwenhoek, and in _____ I documented my discovery of ____________________.
Before bacteria was readily understood, what did people think caused diseases, such as Syphilis? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Station 4) The Savior of Mothers Who was Ignaz Semmelweis? ________________________________________________________________________. What is childbed fever? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Why is Semmelweis known as the “savior” of mothers? ______________________________ _______________________________________.
Station 5) Robert Koch’s Experiments
Mice + Blood from healthy farm animal
Mice + Blood from unhealthy/dead farm animal
Summarize Koch’s experiments by wri>ng either “health” or “death” in the text boxes
What did Koch’s experiment prove? ___________________________________________________________________________________. Name one other accomplishment of Koch’s: ___________________________________________________________________________________.
Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”) www.biology-‐roots.com
Introduction to Microbes and Infectious Disease
Station 6) Aerobic vs. Anaerobic
Station 7 Flagella
The singular form of flagella is ________________, and it means “_________”. Flagella can be found in the following types of organisms: • _______________ � ___________ �_________________
Bacteria are categorized into 3 general shapes: • ___________________ • ___________________ • ___________________
All bacteria are ____________________ (___________ _____________ organisms that lack a nucleus).
Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”) www.biology-‐roots.com
• Microorganisms that are aerobic are known as “____________”.
• Can ____ _____________ to break down ________ molecules for __________.
• Growth is __________ to how much _________ is ___________
• ______ in areas where oxygen is readily available.
• Aerobic ____________ is the leading cause of clinical infec>ons among _________ pathogens.
Aerobic • Cannot grow in oxygen; it is _________ for them.
• Are not able to make as much __________ as aerobes.
• Live in places where oxygen is __________
• Break down food without oxygen in a process called _______________.
Anaerobic
______________ anaerobes typically use _________ to break down food, but can switch to _____________ mode if oxygen is not available.
What is the func>on of the flagella? _________________________________________
___________________________.
Monotrichous
Amphitrichous
Lophotrichous
Peritrichous
Endotrichous
Station 8) Bacteria
Plenty of bacteria are actually _______________, in fact your body consists of more ____________________ cells than human cells. Helpful bacteria are also known as __________________ ___________________.
Station 9) Nonpathogenic Bacteria
Gram posi>ve bacteria have a thick layer of __________________ that dyes a ____________ color. Gram ____________ bacteria do not have a thick layer of pep>doglycan, and therefore show up as a _____________ color when dyed. The dyes used to determine Gram posi>ve vs. Gram nega>ve are _________ ___________ or ______________ ________. Why are Gram nega>ve bacteria more resistant against an>bio>cs than gram posi>ve bacteria? _____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________. Gram nega>ve bacteria contain an outer sugar coa>ng that can help the bacteria ______________________________________.
Station 10) Gram Positive & Gram Negative
Station 11) Bacteria Shapes
• _______ shaped • O<en >mes contain _____________ for movement • Gram ______________ • Can be _____________ or faculta>ve anaerobic Found virtually anywhere, including: • Soil • __________ _________ • _______________ • Extreme environments
What are endospores? _________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Examples of illnesses caused by bacilli bacteria:
Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”) www.biology-‐roots.com
Station 13) Bacilli Bacteria
Station 12) Looking at Bacteria- Label and sketch what you see under the microscopes in each circle below:
• ________________ in shape • Mostly ________ _____________ • Mostly __________; some ____________
_____________, a few are true ___________.
Ex amp l es o f i l l nesses ca used by c occ i bacter i a
Station 14) Cocci bacteria
Gram Posi>ve
Gram Nega>ve
What is MRSA and why is it a problem? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Introduction to Microbes and Infectious Disease
Shape Description
Bacillus
Coccus
Spiral
Prefixes can specify the bacterial shape further: Diplo= _____________ Strepto=_____________ Staphylo= ______________ Based on this informa>on, draw a diplococci: Draw a diplobaccili: Draw a staphylococci:
Teacher Ini>al
x ____________________
Introduction to Microbes and Infectious Disease Station 15) Spiral Bacteria
Station 16) Antibiotics An>bio>cs are used to treat _______________ infec>ons only.
Examples of an>bio>cs: • _________________ • _________________
An>bio>cs can prevent further bacterial infec>on in one of two ways:
1) Prohibi>ng certain ______________ that bacteria need to build their _______ ________.
2) Prohibi>ng certain enzymes that bacteria need to ___________ their ______.
These an>bio>c methods prevent bacteria from growing and ____________________. What is penicillin? _____________________ _____________________________________. Synthe>c deriva>ves of penicillin include _______________ and ________________. What does MRSA stand for? ______________________________________
Monoxenous= __________ contact with _________. Example: ___________ ___________ water.
Heteroxenous= Requires __________ ________; can include a vector such as __________ and rodents. Examples: Malaria (_____________).
Vanessa Jason (“Biology Roots”) www.biology-‐roots.com
• Gram ______________ • Mostly ________________
Station 18) Monoxenous vs Heteroxenous
Station 17) Pathogenic Protozoa
Spirillum Spirochete Vibrio
Examples of Spiral bacteria:
Protozoans made up of single _________________ cells.
Examples of diseases caused by infec>ous protozoans include: • Malaria • ________ ea>ng __________ • Amoebic ______________ • ________________ • Chagas disease • _______________________ ____________________ are used to treat protozoa infec>ons. These target ____________ that affect the _________ of protozoans.
Most protozoans require _________ ___________ to thrive.
What are the symptoms of amoebic dysentery? _____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________.
Are entoamoebas monoxenous or heteroxenous? Explain. ________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________.
Station 19) Entoamoebas
Only __________ or _____________ can be pathogenic. _____________ are toxins produced by pathogenic fungi.
Fungi like warm, moist places on the human body such as ________ _______, the __________, feet, ________, and _____________.
Some molds produce _________, which can infect the __________ if inhaled.
Plasmodia cause _______________, which is transmiged by ___________ ________________.
When the mosquitoes bite their host, plasmodia ___________________ are introduced into the bloodstream and develop in the _________________. Eventually, they are released into the bloodstream and agack the ______ ________ _______.
How many people are infected with malaria each year, approximately? ______________________________
Station 20) Pathogenic Protozoa- Plasmodia
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Station 21) Pathogenic Protozoa: Chagas Disease
Mold produces _________, which can become airborne. The two most common types of fungal lung infec>ons found in hospitals are _______________ and ____________________.
Station 24) Airborne Fungal Infection
Which type of protozoan causes Chagas disease? _______________________
How is Chagas disease transmiged from kissing bugs? ______________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
How does Chagas disease affect the body? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
An>rprotozoals used to treat Chagas disease target _________________, structures found within the trypanosomes.
Is Chagas disease caused by monoxenous or heteroxenous protozoa? (See Sta>on 18) __________________________________
Symptoms include ______________, _____________ and _______________________. Typically fungal lung infec>ons are a secondary infec>on of someone who already has a _______________ immune system.
Station 22) Pathogenic Fungi Station 23) Fungal Infections of the Skin and Nails ___________________ are fungi that can infect the skin. Fungal infec>ons can occur on the skin if the skin is… -‐_______________ somehow; -‐If the host’s _____________ system is compromised; -‐If the condi>ons are right (_______; ________) (or a combina>on of these situa>ons)!
Candida is an __________________ pathogen. Candida infec>ons can be found in the skin,
lungs, ______, ____________, intes>nes &
_______________.
Station 25) Candida
Viruses are the ________________ pathogen.
Viruses are NOT made up of __________.
Why might some argue that viruses are not living creatures? _________________________ _________________________________________________________________________.
An>virals (circle one) [target | do not target] viruses; rather an>virals inhibit viral growth by preven>ng them from unpacking ____________________________________.
Viruses can be transmiged by ____________ them, ____________ them, _____________ transmiged, or from _________ or _________ bites.
List 5 examples of viruses you’ve heard of before: _____________________________ ____________________________________
Station 26) Viruses Station 27) Influenza The influenza virus is a highly contagious virus of the _____________ ____________. If a dog has influenza, it is most likely type ____. Which type of influenza affects mostly children? _____ The flu accounts for 250,000-‐ ___________ deaths/year.
The influenza virus tends to be ever changing (_____________; ______________). The flu vaccine’s effec>veness depends on how well it ____________ the flu viruses that are causing illness.
The flu can lead to _______________ (poten>ally fatal)
Those infected with HSV are typically __________________ because the herpes virus can remain _______________ for long periods of >me.
During an outbreak, which symptoms may a person have? ________________________________________________
HSV-‐1 causes _________________and can be transmiged via ________________. HSV-‐2 causes _____________ __________ and is ____________________ transmiged.
Station 28) Herpes Simplex Virus
Hepa>>s viruses are responsible for __________ disease, and is the number one cause of liver _________ and ___________ Symptoms:
Station 29) Hepatitis Virus
Type of Hepa>>s How it’s spread
A & E
B, C, D
Station 30) HIV and AIDS AIDS stands for: ____________________________________
HIV stands for: ____________________________________ What is the source of HIV in humans? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
HIV agacks the ___________ system and makes it very __________. Pa>ents are more suscep>ble to ____________ and _____________.
Station 31) Ebola The Ebola virus agacks the ______________ system and ____________. It also agacks __________-‐_____________ cells, which leads to internal _________________. How is Ebola spread? _____________________________ The original source of Ebola was most likely ____________ ________ and other diseased animals. When and where was the most recent outbreak of Ebola?
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