Ant Colony Optimization - Planeamento de Transportes Escolares

8/8/2019 Ant Colony Optimization - Planeamento de Transportes Escolares

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Ykowituobfbi bi Rtu,cu,Lckriu i Farc Bcytc

PAFKIFLIKRC BI RTFKUPCTRIU IUECAFTIU DFUIFBC IL CPROLOXFC BI ECAKOFBI GCTLONFU

BOUUITRFC BI LIURTFBC IL OKGCTLROEF

BOUUITRFCpftf cdrikc bc ntfy bi liurti il Okgctlroef!

bf Ykowituobfbi bi Rtu,cu,Lckriu

i Farc Bcytc

uydlirobc pct

Tcbtonc Bfwob Rio}iotf Miktovyiu

Woaf Tifa! 4060

6 # 66?


2/119

4 # 66?


3/119

BIEAFTFC

Tcbtonc Bfwob Rio}iotf Miktovyiu

Ikbitic iaiertkoec8 t+miktovyiu@li+ecl

Roryac bf Bouuitrfc8 Pafkiflikrc bi Rtfkupctriu Iuecaftiu dfuifbc il Cproloxfc

bi Ecakof bi Gctlonfu

Ctoikrfbct-iu/8 Ptcgiuuct Bcyrct Fkrkoc Eykmf! Ptcgiuuct Bcyrct Pfyac Fai}fkbti

Eftbcuc Ufanfbc

Fkc bi Eckeayuc8 4060

Woaf Tifa! 4060

5 # 66?
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


4/119

2 # 66?


5/119


6/119

7 # 66?


7/119

Tiuylc

C pafkiflikrc bcu rtfkupctriu uilpti ui fptiuikrcy eclc yl ptc,

dailf eclpai}c! rikbc il eckrf c klitc bi acefou i tcrfu pcuuwiou!eckboeockfkriu rilpctfou i bcu rtfhiercu+ F eclpai}obfbi bc pafkiflik,rc bcu rtfkupctriu biwi,ui fc iaiwfbc klitc bi ecldokfiu pcuuwioubi rtfhiercu uikbc iuri ptcdailf uiliamfkri fc ptcdailf bc efo}iotc wof,

hfkri! cy uihf! wtocu acefou vyi biwil uit wouorfbcu fpikfu ylf wix bfgctlf lfou isteoikri+

Kcu arolcu fkcu ril,ui witostefbc c yuc bi eckeiorcu bf OkriaonkeofFtrosteofa! biuonkfbflikri f Eclpyrfc Iwcayrowf i Okriaonkeof Ecaie,rowf kf ptceytf bi ucayiu pftf c pafkiflikrc bi rtfhiertofu+ F Cpro,loxfc bi Ecakofu bi Gctlonfu! yl tflc bf Okriaonkeof Ecaierowf!fptiuikrf,ui eclc ylf ucayc okritiuufkri pftf c ptcdailf bc pafki,flikrc bi rtfkupctriu+

Kiurf bouuitrfc ptcpcurc yl fanctorlc efpfx bi ucayeockft ist,efxlikri c ptcdailf bi pafkiflikrc bi rtfkupctriu iuecaftiu+ Pftf rfagco eckurtybc yl lrcbc! dfuifbc kfu iurtfrnofu bi Cproloxfc pctEcakofu bi Gctlonfu! eclpyrfeockfalikri i iurtyrytfalikri istefx+

Dfuifbc kc pftfbonlf bf Cproloxfc bi Ecakof bi Gctlonfu biu,

ikwcawiy,ui yl fanctorlc fbfprfbc fc ptcdailf bc pafkiflikrc birtfkupctriu! eckurtybc bi lcbc f pitlorot f okeayuc bi kcwfu i lfoueclpai}fu tiurtoiu+ C tiuyarfbc ptiuikri h yl fanctorlc efpfx biucayeockft c ptcdailf ptcpcurc kiurf bouuitrfc+ Cu tiuyarfbcu cdrobcuuc dfurfkri ufrougfrtocu kcu lfou bowitucu ntfgcu il vyi c fanctorlc gcoriurfbc+

> # 66?


8/119

= # 66?


9/119

Bi&ecirf cdtf lokmf kflctfbf i lokmf gflaof! vyi uc f lokmfok%otfc i tfxc pftf eckrokyft kcu lclikrcu lf"&gei"+

? # 66?


10/119

60 # 66?


11/119

Fntfbieolikrcu

Rcbf f fec mylfkf! vyit ui rctki pcuorowf cy kinfrowf! ptieouf bipikbit bi lcrowfc+-Bfafo Aflf/

Kc biuikwcawolikrc bi vyfavyit cdtf ikeckrtflcu fu lfou bowitufu bosteyabfbiu+ frtfwu

bfu pfafwtfu bi okeikrowc i ikectfhflikrc bfu piuucfu vyi kcu uc pt}olfu vyi uclcu

efpfxiu bi eckrokyft+ Biurf gctlf ncurftof bi fntfbieit fcu liyu gfloaoftiu! floncu i il

iupieofa lokmf kflctfbf piac okeikrowc i piaf eclptiikuc bilckurtfbc kc biecttit

bi rcbc iuri ptceiuuc+

Ncurftof bi fntfbieit rfldl fc ptcgiuuct Fkrkoc Eykmf i fc ptcgiuuct Pfyac Ufanfbc

piac rilpc biupikbobc i ctoikrfc+ Ntffu uyf ecafdctfc gco pcuuwia yartfpfuuft fa,

nyku bcu cdureyacu vyi uytnotfl+

Gokfalikri ncurftof bi fntfbieit f rcbcu fvyiaiu vyi botierf cy okbotierflikri eckrtody,

tfl pftf vyi gcuui pcuuwia eckeayot iurf cdtf+

F rcbcu lyorc cdtonfbc+

Tcbtonc Miktovyiu

66 # 66?


12/119

64 # 66?


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kboei Nitfa

kboei Gonytfu 69

kboei Rfdiafu 6>

Fetkolcu 6?

6+ Okrtcbyc 46

4+ Pafkiflikrc bi Rtfkupctriu 494+6+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Ptcdailf bc Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacu ecl Hfkiafu bi Rilpc 544+4+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Ptcdailf bc Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacu ecl Ikrtinf i Tiecamf 554+5+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Ptcdailf bc Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacu ecl Efpfeobfbi 524+2+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Ptcdailf bc Pafkiflikrc bi Rtfkupctriu Iuecaftiu 524+9+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Ptcdailf bc Efo}iotc Wofhfkri 59

4+9+6+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Laropacu Efo}iotcu Wofhfkriu 57

4+9+4+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Fpaoefiu 5>

5+ Okrtcbyc Cproloxfc 5?5+6+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Cproloxfc Eckrkyf i Cproloxfc Bouetirf 265+4+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Cproloxfc Tiurtorf i Kc Tiurtorf 245+5+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Cproloxfc Iurceuroef i Biritlokuroef 255+2+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Fanctorlcu bi Cproloxfc 255+9+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Piuvyouf Acefa 22

2+ Eclpyrfc Iwcayrowf i Okriaonkeof Ecaierowf 2>2+6+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Eclpyrfc Iwcayrowf 2=

2+6+6+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Wfkrfniku i Fpaoefiu bf Eclpyrfc Iwcayrowf 96

2+6+4+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Fanctorlcu Nikroecu 95

2+4+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Okriaonkeof Ecaierowf 9=2+4+6+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Cproloxfc bi Ik}fli bi Pftreyafu 9?

2+4+4+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Cproloxfc bi Ecakof bi Fdiamfu 76

2+4+5+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Cproloxfc Ecakof bi Gctlonfu 74

9+ Efuc bi Iurybc >69+6+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Eftferitoxfc bc Ptcdailf >4

9+6+6+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Tiurtoiu bc ptcdailf >5

9+4+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Fdctbfnil ecl Fanctorlcu Nikroecu >29+4+6+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Tiptiuikrfc bcu bfbcu >2

9+4+4+ ++ +++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++Pcpyafc okoeofa >7

9+4+5+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Biritlokft fprobc bcu okbowbycu >>

9+4+2+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Cpitfbctiu nikroecu >>

9+5+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Fdctbfnil ecl Cproloxfc bi Ecakof bi Gctlonfu >=

65 # 66?


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9+5+6+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Tiptiuikrfc bcu bfbcu >=

9+5+4+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Pcuoeockflikrc okoeofa bfu gctlonfu =0

9+5+5+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Efaeyaft c piteytuc bfu gctlonfu =0

9+5+2+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Feryfaoxft fu gitclckfu =4

9+5+9+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Biritlokft c eyurc bcu piteytucu =2

9+5+7+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Biritlokft f ucayc obifa =9

9+2+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Tiuyarfbcu =79+2+6+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++I}ilpac 6 , Ntfgc 9#? =7

9+2+4+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++I}ilpac 4 , Ntfgc 60#67 ?6

9+2+5+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++I}ilpac 5 , Ntfgc 40#47 ?>

9+2+2+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++I}ilpac 2 , Ntfgc 57#99 605

7+ Eckuobitfiu Gokfou 6097+6+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Eckeayuiu 6097+4+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Uyniuriu pftf Rtfdfamcu Gyrytcu 60>

Fpkboeiu 665++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++F , Bourtodyoc bcu acefou bi tiecamf#ikrtinf! cdrobc frtfwu bc Nccnai Iftrm 669

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++D , Aonfiu ikrti cu acefou bc i}ilpac 5 i tiupierowcu rilpcu bi aonfc 66>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++E , Aonfiu ikrti cu acefou bc i}ilpac 2 i tiupierowcu rilpcu bi aonfc 66?

62 # 66?


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kboei Gonytfu

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Gonytf 6 , Tiptiuikrfc ntstef bi wtocu ropcu bi etyxflikrcu+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++97Gonytf 4 , Tiptiuikrfc ntstef bi wtocu ropcu bi lyrfiu++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9>Gonytf 5 , Iailikrcu gykbflikrfou kc efaeyac bc biuaceflikrc bi ylf pftreyaf+++++++++++++++++++++++++70Gonytf 2 , Eclpctrflikrc kfrytfa bfu gctlonfu pitfkri yl cdureyac++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++75Gonytf 9 , Fanctorlc niktoec dfuifbc il gctlonfu+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++72Gonytf 7 , Tiptiuikrfc ntstef bf aourf aonfbf wio+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++>2

Gonytf > , Tiptiuikrfc ntstef bf aourf aonfbf ace+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++>9Gonytf = , Tiptiuikrfc ntstef bf aourf aonfbfpcp++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++>9Gonytf ? , Liamct tcrf ikeckrtfbf piac fanctorlc pftf c i}ilpac 6+f++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++==Gonytf 60 , Biuilpikmc i eyurc bc i}ilpac 6+f kc biecttit bfu oritfiu+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=?Gonytf 66 , Liamct tcrf ikeckrtfbf piac fanctorlc pftf c i}ilpac 6+d++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?0Gonytf 64 , Biuilpikmc i eyurc bc i}ilpac 6+d kc biecttit bfu oritfiu++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?6Gonytf 65 , Liamct tcrf ikeckrtfbf piac fanctorlc pftf c i}ilpac 4+f++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?2Gonytf 62 , Biuilpikmc i eyurc bc i}ilpac 4+f kc biecttit bfu oritfiu+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?9Gonytf 69 , Liamct tcrf ikeckrtfbf piac fanctorlc pftf c i}ilpac 4+d++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?7Gonytf 67 , Biuilpikmc i eyurc bc i}ilpac 4+d kc biecttit bfu oritfiu++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?>Gonytf 6> , Liamct tcrf ikeckrtfbf piac fanctorlc pftf c i}ilpac 5+f++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++??Gonytf 6= , Biuilpikmc i eyurc bc i}ilpac 5+f kc biecttit bfu oritfiu+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++600Gonytf 6? , Liamct tcrf ikeckrtfbf piac fanctorlc pftf c i}ilpac 5+d++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++604Gonytf 40 , Biuilpikmc i eyurc bc i}ilpac 5+d kc biecttit bfu oritfiu++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++604Gonytf 46 , Liamct tcrf ikeckrtfbf piac fanctorlc pftf c i}ilpac 2+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++602Gonytf 44 , Biuilpikmc i eyurc bc i}ilpac 2 kc biecttit bfu oritfiu+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++602,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

69 # 66?


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67 # 66?


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kboei Rfdiafu

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Rfdiaf 6 , Okritwfacu bi rilpc i tiupierowcu ku fuuceofbcu+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=7Rfdiaf 4 , Rilpcu bi aonfc ikrti ku++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=7Rfdiaf 5 , Pftlirtcu bc i}ilpac 6+f++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=>Rfdiaf 2 , Liamct piteytuc ikeckrtfbc piac fanctorlc i iailikrcu tiecamobcu++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=>Rfdiaf 9 , Eyurc! gcanf i rilpc bi wofnil bc i}ilpac 6+f++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++==Rfdiaf 7 , Pftlirtcu bc i}ilpac 6+d++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=?

Rfdiaf > , Liamct piteytuc ikeckrtfbc piac fanctorlc i iailikrcu tiecamobcu++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?0Rfdiaf = , Eyurc! gcanf i rilpc bi wofnil bc i}ilpac 6+d++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?6Rfdiaf ? , Okritwfacu bi rilpc i tiupierowcu ku fuuceofbcu+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?4Rfdiaf 60 , Rilpcu bi aonfc ikrti ku++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?4Rfdiaf 66 , Pftlirtcu bc i}ilpac 4+f++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?5Rfdiaf 64 , Liamct piteytuc ikeckrtfbc piac fanctorlc i iailikrcu tiecamobcu++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?5Rfdiaf 65 , Eyurc! gcanf i rilpc bi wofnil bc i}ilpac 4+f++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?2Rfdiaf 62 , Pftlirtcu bc i}ilpac 4+d++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?9Rfdiaf 69 , Liamct piteytuc ikeckrtfbc piac fanctorlc i iailikrcu tiecamobcu++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?7Rfdiaf 67 , Eyurc! gcanf i rilpc bi wofnil bc i}ilpac 4+d++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?>Rfdiaf 6> , Okritwfacu bi rilpc i tiupierowcu ku fuuceofbcu+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?=Rfdiaf 6= , Pftlirtcu bc i}ilpac 5+f++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++??Rfdiaf 6? , Liamct piteytuc ikeckrtfbc piac fanctorlc i iailikrcu tiecamobcu++++++++++++++++++++++++++++??Rfdiaf 40 , Eyurc! gcanf i rilpc bi wofnil bc i}ilpac 5+f++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++600Rfdiaf 46 , Pftlirtcu bc i}ilpac 5+d++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++606Rfdiaf 44 , Liamct piteytuc ikeckrtfbc piac fanctorlc i iailikrcu tiecamobcu++++++++++++++++++++++++++606Rfdiaf 45 , Eyurc! gcanf i rilpc bi wofnil bc i}ilpac 5+d++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++606Rfdiaf 42 , Pftlirtcu bc i}ilpac 2+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++605Rfdiaf 49 , Eyurc! gcanf i rilpc bi wofnil bc i}ilpac 2+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++605,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

6> # 66?


18/119

6= # 66?


19/119

Fetkolcu

Kiurf bouuitrfc uc yroaoxfbfu fdtiwofrytfu bi biuonkfiu eclyku fpikfu fptiuikrfbfu

fvyfkbc bf uyf ptoliotf yroaoxfc8

OF , Okriaonkeof Ftrosteofa

EI , Eclpyrfc Iwcayrowf

OE , Okriaonkeof Ecaierowf

FN , Fanctorlcu Nikroecu

CEG , Cproloxfc bi Ecakof bi Gctlonfu

PPW , Ptcdailf bi Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacu

PEW , Ptcdailf bc Efo}iotc Wofhfkri

PPWHR , Ptcdailf bi Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacu ecl Hfkiafu bi Rilpc

PPWIB , Ptcdailf bi Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacu ecl Ikrtinf Bowobobf

PPWE , Ptcdailf bi Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacu ecl Efpfeobfbi

PLEW , Ptcdailf bcu Laropacu Efo}iotcu Wofhfkriu

FFKUE , Fuuceofc bi Fuuourkeof bi Kcuuf Uikmctf bfu Efkbiofu

6? # 66?


20/119

40 # 66?


21/119

6+OKRTCBYC

Kcu arolcu fkcu gco pcuuwia fuuourot f yl okritiuui etiueikri ikrti cu niurctiu i cu ptcstuuo,

ckfou bcu rtfkupctriu il i}pactft f wofdoaobfbi bf fpaoefc bi pftfbonlfu bi Okriaonkeof

Ftrosteofa -OF/ pftf liamctft f isteokeof! uinytfkf i vyfaobfbi bi uitwoc il uourilfu bi

rtfkupctri+ C wfact fetiueikrfbc i c olpferc bf eokeof! lircbcacnofu i rekoefu bf OF

kiurf tif okinwia Z6\+

F iknikmftof bi rtfkupctriu i c pafkiflikrc bi rtfkupctriu uc byfu gfeiu bf liulf lc,ibf! woufkbc f eckeipc bi ylf okgtf,iurtyrytf isteoikri i uitwocu pftf ufrougfxit fu kcu,

ufu kieiuuobfbiu il ritlcu bi feiuuodoaobfbi i lcdoaobfbi+ Lyorcu uourilfu bi rtfkupctri

eckeidobcu rikbc il eckrf iuufu kieiuuobfbiu! uc dfuifbcu kylf dcf eclptiikuc bc

eclpctrflikrc mylfkc+ Pct i}ilpac! il itnckclof6! lcbiacu bi fec,tifec uc yro,

46 # 66?

6 boueopaokf eoikrstef tiafeockfbf ecl c ikrikbolikrc bfu okritfeiu ikrti uitiu mylfkcu i cyrtcu iailikrcu bi

yluourilf+

Tipftrf c uiy eckmieolikrc+ ylf gctlf bi faefkftf olctrfaobfbi+

Bfafo Aflf

O


22/119

aoxfbcu pftf ui eitrosteft bi vyi fu lvyokfu -pct i}ilpac! fyrclwiou/ uc ptchierfbfu

pftf ecttiupckbit f eftferituroefu mylfkfu+ Bi gctlf uiliamfkri! vyfkbc pafkiflcu fu

eobfbiu i cu uitwocu ptiurfbcu fcu uiyu mfdorfkriu! yl iailikrc emfwi eclptiikbit c

eclpctrflikrc mylfkc i c vyi lcwi f lfoctof bfu bieouiu kc pafkiflikrc+ Ylf wixvyi cu uourilfu bi rtfkupctri uc f iupokmf bctufa bi ylf eobfbi! okriteckierfkbc fu uyfu

pftriu worfou! f eclptiikuc fptcgykbfbf bf kfrytixf mylfkf iuuikeofa pftf c pafkif,

likrc! ptchierc i fkaoui cpitfeockfa bi uourilfu bi rtfkupctri Z4\+

C Ptcdailf bc Pafkiflikrc bi Rtfkupctriu yl ptcdailf dfurfkri eclpai}c vyi pct

wixiu ui fuuiliamf fc Ptcdailf bc Efo}iotc Wofhfkri -PEW/! cy uihf! yl efo}iotc wofhfkri

ril vyi wouorft yl biritlokfbc klitc bi acefou! fpikfu ylf wix! bf gctlf lfou isteoik,

ri+ Iuri pftiei yl ptcdailf tiafrowflikri uolpaiu bi tiucawit! eckrybc vyfkbc aobflcuecl yl iaiwfbc klitc bi acefou! c klitc bi ecldokfiu pcuuwiou fylikrf i}pckik,

eofalikri+ Vyfkbc f iurfu eckboeockfkriu fboeockftlcu wtocu efo}iotcu wofhfkriu! mcttocu

f eylptot! efpfeobfbi bcu wieyacu! c ptcdailf fuuyli efbf wix lfou ylf eclpai}obfbi

eyhf tiucayc i}oni c tieytuc f uourilfu eclpyrfeockfou+ Ecl c tieytuc yroaoxfc bi

uourilfu eclpyrfeockfou pcuuwia cdritlcu ucayiu! eckrybc c rilpc biupikbobc kc

ptceiuuflikrc bcu bfbcu! il lyorcu bcu efucu! eckrokyf uikbc lyorc iaiwfbc+ Biurf gct,

lf ptceytftfl,ui kcwfu gctlfu bi fdctbft c ptcdailf+ C tieytuc Eclpyrfc Iwcay,

rowf -EI/ i Okriaonkeof Ecaierowf -OE/ fptiuikrf,ui eclc ylf pcuuwia ucayc! vyi uit

biwobflikri i}pactfbf kiuri rtfdfamc+

Lyorfu fpaoefiu bc ctonil f ptcdailfu bi cproloxfc ottiurtorcu ecl laropafu wfto,

wiou+ Ptcdailfu biuri rflfkmc pcbil uit tiucawobcu bi gctlf isteoikri uclikri ui c ftlf,

xikflikrc i eyurc eclpyrfeockfa bc fanctorlc bi cproloxfc gctil lfkrobcu f yl kwia

rcaitwia+ Yl eckhykrc bowituostefbc bi lrcbcu bi cproloxfc il aftnf iuefaf gco biuik,

wcawobc pftf froknot iuui cdhierowc! efbf yl uikbc pftroeyaftlikri istefx pftf ropcu bi bi,

ritlokfbcu ptcdailf Z5\+

F cproloxfc yl ptceiuuc vyi h i}ouri dfurfkri rilpc+ F kfrytixf cproloxf uourilfu

guoecu bi gctlf f rikbitil pftf yl iurfbc bi ikitnof lkolf! fu lcaeyafu bi yl uouri,

lf vyloec oucafbc tifnil ylfu ecl fu cyrtfu fr vyi f ikitnof pcrikeofa rcrfa bi uiyu

iaertcku uihf lokoloxfbf! tfocu bi ayx uinyil eflokmcu vyi lokoloxfl c rilpc bi wof,

nil Z5\+ Iuriu uc fpikfu fanyku i}ilpacu bi cproloxfc vyi cectti kf Kfrytixf+

44 # 66?


23/119

Kfu arolfu befbfu rilcu fuuourobc f ylf etiueikri yroaoxfc bi pfecriu bi cproloxfc!

dfuifbcu il cpitfiu bi piuvyouf i rekoefu bi ptcntflfc! pftf f niurc igierowf bc

gctkieolikrc bi diku i uitwocu il uourilfu bi bourtodyoc Z2\+

Yl fanctorlc bi cproloxfc pcbi uit bistkobc eclc yl eckhykrc bi okurtyiu eaftfu

iupieostefkbc eclc ptceibit! f pftrot bi eitrfu eckboiu okoeofou! fr vyi faefkeilcu f

lirf stkfa olpcurf okoeofalikri+ Yl pckrc olpctrfkri f fetiueikrft vyi kf lfoctof bfu

wixiu c fanctorlc kc eckuinyi froknot c cdhierowc i}ferflikri pt,biritlokfbc! il wix

bouuc eminf f ylf fptc}olfc bc cdhierowc Z9\+

Kiurf bouuitrfc iurybfbc c ptcdailf bi ctnfkoxfc bcu rtfkupctriu bi ylf okuroryo,

c! uikbc fptiuikrfbf ylf ucayc eclpyrfeockfa eyhc cdhierowc f cproloxfc bc paf,kiflikrc bcu rtfkupctriu iuecaftiu+ Rfa ptcdailf eckstnytf yl eckhykrc faftnfbc i wfto,

wia bi acefou f wouorft piacu fyrcefttcu iuecaftiu woufkbc f tiecamf bi faykcu pftf f okuroryo,

c iuecaft+ Kc i}ilpac tifa iurybfbc i}ouril eitef bi uirikrf i kcwi acefou! piac vyi i}ou,

ril fptc}olfbflikri >!697?2966= ecldokfiu pcuuwiou+ F tiecamf bcu faykcu igieryf,

bf frtfwu bf yroaoxfc uolyarkif bi wtocu wieyacu! pcbikbc! fpu biueftnf! uitil bi

kcwc yroaoxfbcu il kcwf tiecamf bi pfuufniotcu+ Biwobc fc iaiwfbc klitc bi acefou i u

laropafu pcuuodoaobfbiu! rctkf,ui lyorc bogeoa igieryft yl pafkiflikrc prolc bcu rtfku,

pctriu fpikfu dfuifbcu il eckmieolikrcu ilptoecu! dil eclc c eaeyac eclpyrfeockfabi rcbfu fu pcuuwiou cecttkeofu! piac vyi ui ptirikbi biuikwcawit yl fanctorlc vyi igie,

ryi iuui liulc pafkiflikrc bi gctlf fyrclroef i cproloxfbf+ C pafkiflikrc bcu

rtfkupctriu biwi! rfldl! tiupiorft yl eckhykrc bi tiurtoiu+ Iuri eckhykrc bi tiurtoiu

fylikrf fokbf lfou f eclpai}obfbi bc ptcdailf+

Kylf ptoliotf fdctbfnil ptceytcy,ui ucayeockft c ptcdailf tiecttikbc f Fanctorlcu

Nikroecu -FN/+ Cdrowitfl,ui fanyku tiuyarfbcu pcuorowcu! eckrybc uytnotfl fanyku ptc,

dailfu vyi! hykrflikri ecl f eclpai}obfbi bc fanctorlc! cdtonftfl f ikeckrtft cyrtfgctlf bi ucayeockft c ptcdailf! tiefokbc f iuecamf kf Cproloxfc bi Ecakof bi Gctlo,

nfu -CEG/ piafu tfxiu vyi uitc eckurfrfbfu kf fptiuikrfc bc fanctorlc+ F CEG fpti,

uikrf eftferituroefu bogitikriu bcu FN! eckrybc f uyf olpailikrfc dfurfkri lfou uol,

paostefbf+

C ptiuikri efpryac ptceytf okectpctft rcbc c ptchierc+ F biuetoc bf ctnfkoxfc bf

bouuitrfc! fvyo f uit fptiuikrfbf! ikeittfl c efpryac okoeofa+

45 # 66?


24/119

Kc uinykbc efpryac fptiuikrfbf ylf okrtcbyc fc rilf bc Pafkiflikrc bi Rtfkupct,

riu! fdctbfkbc c Ptcdailf bc Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacu -PPW/ dil eclc fptiuikrfbfu fu

kciu i eftferituroefu bc PEW+

Kc riteiotc efpryac fptiuikrfbf ylf dtiwi okrtcbyc fc rilf bf Cproloxfc! tif

ckbi ui okuiti c ptcdailf fdctbfbc kc Efuc bi Iurybc+

C vyftrc efpryac fptiuikrf f OF i bcou bcu uiyu tflcu8 f EI i f OE+ Uc fptiuikrfbcu

rfldl fanyku bcu fanctorlcu bf EI i bf OE! tifafkbc cu FN i f CEG+ Cu FN gctfl

okoeofalikri uynitobc pftf ucayeockft c ptcdailf! ikvyfkrc f CEG f dfui bf ucayc

fptiuikrfbf+

Kc vyokrc efpryac fptiuikrfbc c efuc bi iurybc! dil eclc fu fdctbfniku igieryfbfu fc

ptcdailf ptcpcurc+ Kylf ptoliotf fdctbfnil gco biuikwcawobf ylf ucayc pfteofa ecl

FN! iurf tiptiuikrf yl okwiurolikrc bi rilpc eckuobitwia i frtfwu bf vyfa ui cdrowitfl

eckmieolikrcu pftf c biuikwcawolikrc bf ucayc stkfa+ F uinykbf fdctbfnil! i pcuuwia

ucayc pftf c ptcdailf! ril pct dfui f CEG+

C ui}rc efpryac ritlokf iurf bouuitrfc! eckrikbc f boueyuuc bcu tiuyarfbcu i uyniuriu

pftf rtfdfamcu gyrytcu+

42 # 66?


25/119

4+PAFKIFLIKRC BI RTFKUPCTRIU

Kfu arolfu befbfu ril,ui fuuourobc f ylf etiueikri yroaoxfc bi pfecriu bi cproloxfc!

dfuifbcu il Cpitfiu bi Piuvyouf i rekoefu bi Ptcntflfc pftf f niurc igierowf bc

gctkieolikrc bi diku i uitwocu il uourilfu bi bourtodyoc+ C ntfkbi klitc bi fpaoef,

iu bc lykbc tifa! rfkrc kf Fltoef bc Kctri eclc kf Iytcpf! rl bilckurtfbc vyi f

yroaoxfc bi ptceibolikrcu okgctlfroxfbcu pftf c pafkiflikrc bc ptceiuuc bi bourtodyo,

c tiuyarf il ieckclofu uydurfkeofou -nitfalikri bi 9) f 40)/ kcu eyurcu bi rtfkupctri

nacdfa+ geoa wit vyi c olpferc biurfu ieckclofu kc uourilf ieckloec lykbofa uonkost,

efrowf+ Kf witbfbi! c ptceiuuc bi rtfkupctri ikwcawi rcbfu fu gfuiu bf ptcbyc i uourilfu

bi bourtodyoc i tiptiuikrf yl eclpckikri olpctrfkri -nitfalikri bi 60) pftf 40)/ bc

eyurc stkfa bfu litefbctofu Z2\+

C uyeiuuc bf yroaoxfc bi rekoefu bi Piuvyouf Cpitfeockfa biwi,ui fc biuikwcawolikrc bi

uourilfu okgctlroecu! rfkrc bc pckrc bi wourf bc mftb~fti eclc bc ucgr~fti i etiueikri

okrintfc bcu uourilfu bi okgctlfc kcu ptceiuucu ptcbyrowcu i ecliteofou Z2\+ Cyrtc

49 # 66?

Pftri bf fyukeof bi mylfkobfbi bc eclpyrfbct biwi,ui f vyi! eclpirikrilikri ptcntflfbc i rtfdfamfkbcdil! eclpairflikri mckiurc

Ouffe Fuolcw 4


26/119

gferct bi uyeiuuc! rc olpctrfkri vyfkrc cu cyrtcu! c biuikwcawolikrc bi gittflikrfu bi

lcbiafc i fanctorlcu istefxiu biuikwcawobcu kcu arolcu fkcu+ Bi gferc! cu lcbiacu ptc,

pcurcu rl il eckrf rcbfu fu eftferituroefu bcu ptcdailfu biecttikriu bf bourtodyoc bi

fpaoefiu bc lykbc tifa! i cu fanctorlcu ecttiupckbikriu i uyfu olpailikrfiu okgctl,roefu ikeckrtfl dcfu ucayiu pftf uoryfiu bc lykbc tifa il rilpcu eclpyrfeockfou

feiorwiou Z2\+

C PPW tilckrf fc stkfa bcu fkcu eokvyikrf bc ueyac pfuufbc vyfkbc Bfkrxon i Tfluit

bistkotfl f gctlyafc lfrilroef bi ptcntflfc i f fdctbfnil fanctrloef pftf ti,

ucawit c ptcdailf bi gctkieolikrc bi nfucaokf u iurfiu bi uitwoc+ Biubi ikrc c okri,

tiuui kc PPW iwcayoy bi yl pivyikc ntypc bi lfrilroecu pftf c ntfkbi klitc bi

piuvyoufbctiu i ptcstuuockfou bi bogitikriu boueopaokfu Z7\+ Pfuuftfl lfou bi 20 fkcu biubivyi Bfkrxon i Tfluit Z>\ okrtcbyxotfl c PPW+ Kc uiy iurybc! cu fyrctiu biuetiwil f fpao,

efc bc lykbc tifa -tigitikri ikrtinf bi nfucaokf pftf pcurcu bi nfucaokf/ i ptcpyui,

tfl f ptoliotf gctlyafc lfrilroef bi ptcntflfc i ylf fdctbfnil fanctrloef

pftf f ucayc bc ptcdailf+ Fanyku fkcu lfou rftbi! Eaftji i ^tonmr Z=\ ptcpyuitfl ylf

miyturoef istefx vyi liamctcy f fdctbfnil bi Bfkrxon i Tfluit+ Fpu iuriu bcou rtfdf,

amcu uilokfou4! lyorcu lcbiacu i fanctorlcu miyturoecu i i}fercu gctfl ptcpcurcu pftf f

ucayc prolf i fptc}olfbf bfu bogitikriu wituiu bc PPW Z2\+

I}ouril wtocu rtfdfamcu ucdti c rilf bc PPW+ Yl uourilf bi eafuuostefc gco bfbc pct

Biutcemitu! Aikurtf! i Ufwiauditnm Z?\+ Kcditr i Afpctri Z60\ fptiuikrftfl ylf i}rikuf

piuvyouf! vyi gco okriotflikri biboefbf fcu lrcbcu i}fercu pftf c PPW! gctkieikbc ylf

fkaoui eclpairf i birfamfbf bc iurfbc bf ftri fr c stkfa bcu fkcu =0+ Cyrtfu piuvyoufu

fdtfknikbc fanctorlcu i}fercu! lfu gtivyikrilikri biboefbfu fcu lrcbcu miyturoecu!

gctfl fptiuikrfbfu pct Emtourcstbiu! Lokncxxo! i Rcrm Z66\! Lfnkfkro Z64\! Dcbok ir fa+

Z65\! Emtourcstbiu Z62\! Afpctri Z69\! Goumit Z67\! Rcrm i Wonc Z6>\! i Ncabik ir fa+ Z6=\+

Ylf aourf dodaocntstef gco ptcpcurf pct Afpctri Z6?\! i yl i}rikuc aiwfkrflikrc dodaoc,

ntstec gco fptiuikrfbc pct Afpctri i Culfk Z40\+ Yl aowtc ucdti c fuuykrc gco iborfbc

pct Ncabik i Fuufb il 6?== Z46\+ Lcbiacu i fanctorlcu pftf f ucayc bc emflfbc Ptc,

dailf bc Pafkiflikrc bi Ftecu -wftofkri bc ptcdailf vyi uytni vyfkbc cu eaoikriu kc

iurc acefaoxfbcu kcu wtroeiu! lfu fc acknc bcu ftecu bc ntfgc/ iurc biuetorcu kc aowtc ibo,

47 # 66?

4 gctfl f ctonil! f uilikri+


27/119

rfbc pct Btct Z44\+ C efuc pftroeyaft bc PPW vyi uytni vyfkbc i}ouri fpikfu yl koec

wieyac boupckwia kc bipuorc i uil tiurtoiu cpitfeockfou fboeockfou olpcurfu flpaf,

likri biuetorc kc eauuoec aowtc iborfbc pct Af~ait ir fa+ il 6?=9 Z45\+

C PPW yl bcu ptcdailfu bi cproloxfc ecldokfrtof lfou iurybfbcu i box tiupiorc fc

pafkiflikrc bi tcrfu pftf uitil yroaoxfbfu pct ylf gtcrf bi wieyacu bi gctlf f uitwotil

yl eckhykrc bi eaoikriu+ Biubi vyi gco ptoliotflikri ptcpcurc pct Bfkrxon i Tfluit Z>\!

eikrikfu bi rtfdfamcu rl uobc biboefbcu dyuef piaf ucayc i}ferf i fptc}olfbf bfu

lyorfu wftofkriu bc ptcdailf! rfou eclc c Ptcdailf bc Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacu ecl Ef,

pfeobfbi -PPWE/! cy c PPWHR Z42\+

C PPW eckrtodyo botierflikri pftf tibyxot eyurcu kf olpctrfkri tif bf acnuroef+ Acnuro,ef pcbi uit ntcuuiotflikri biuetorc eclc f ikrtinf bi litefbctofu bi yl afbc -gctkiei,

bct/ pftf cyrtc -cu eckuylobctiu/+ Rtfkupctri bi niurc i lfou iupieosteflikri bi pafki,

flikrc bi wieyacu! ril yl eckuobitwia olpferc ieckloec il rcbcu cu uourilfu bi ac,

nuroef Z7\+

F bistkoc bc PPW iurfdiaiei vyi l wieyacu okoeofalikri acefaoxfbc kyl bipuorc gctki,

eil vyfkrobfbiu bourokrfu bi ptcbyrcu pftf k eaoikriu+ Biritlokft f liamct tcrf yroaoxfbf

pct yl ntypc bi wieyacu vyi uitwi yl ntypc bi yroaoxfbctiu tiptiuikrf yl PPW+ C cdhie,rowc lokoloxft c eyurc bc rtfkupctri il nitfa+ F ucayc eauuoef bc PPW yl eckhykrc

bi tcrfu vyi eclif i ritlokf kc bipuorc i vyi ufrougff f tiurtoc bi vyi rcbcu cu eaoik,

riu uc uitwobcu fpikfu ylf wix -uiliamfkri fc PEW/+ C eyurc bc rtfkupctri pcbi uit li,

amctfbc frtfwu bf tibyc bf bourkeof rcrfa pitecttobf i tibyxokbc c klitc bi wieyacu

kieiuutocu Z7\+

Biwobc kfrytixf bc ptcdailf! kc wowia f yroaoxfc bi lrcbcu i}fercu pftf ntfkbiu

okurkeofu bc PPW+ Pctrfkrc! f lfoctof bfu fdctbfniku bipikbil bi miyturoefu vyi gctki,eil ucayiu fptc}olfbfu+ Fanyku lrcbcu iupiestecu gctfl biuikwcawobcu pftf iuri ptc,

dailf+ Cyrtf cpc fpaoeft rekoefu bi cproloxfc pfbtc! rfou eclc f ptcntflfc

pct tiurtoiu! FN i cu uourilfu bi gctlonfu Z7\+

F lfoctof bcu ptcdailfu bc lykbc tifa uc nitfalikri lyorc lfou eclpai}cu bc vyi c

PPW eauuoec+ Pctrfkrc! kf ptroef! c PPW eauuoec lfou eclpai}c biwobc u tiurtoiu!

rfou eclc f efpfeobfbi bc wieyac cy okritwfac bi rilpc il vyi efbf eaoikri ril pftf uit

4> # 66?


28/119

uitwobc! tiwiafkbc c Ptcdailf bi Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacu ecl Efpfeobfbi -PPWE/ i c

Ptcdailf bi Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacu ecl Hfkiafu bi Rilpc -PPWHR/! tiupierowflikri+

Kcu arolcu eokvyikrf fkcu! lyorcu ptcdailfu bc lykbc tifa ril i}onobc fetiueobf gct,

lyafc! c vyi tiuyarcy kc Ptcdailf bi Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacu ecl Laropacu Bipuo,rcu! Ptcdailf bi Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacu Pitoboec! c Ptcdailf bi Pafkiflikrc bi Wi,

eyacu ecl Ikrtinf Bowobobf -PPWIB/! Ptcdailf bi Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacu Iurceuroec5!

Ptcdailf bi Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacu ecl Tiecamf i Ikrtinf -PPWTI/ i lyorcu cyrtcu

Z7\+

C PPW fpikfu pcbi uit tiucawobc pftf okurkeofu pivyikfu bc ptcdailf! uikbc yl ptc,

dailf bi cproloxfc ecldokfrctofa KP,mftb2+ Ildctf f fdctbfnil miyturoef9 kc nf,

tfkrf f cprolfaobfbi! kf ptroef ptcbyx tiuyarfbcu ufrougfrtocu+ Kcu arolcu wokri fkcu! flirf,miyturoef ilitnoy eclc f lfou ptclouuctf botiec bi okwiuronfc pftf f gflaof

PPW Z7\+

C PPWIB ylf wftofc bc eauuoec PPW! ckbi efbf eaoikri pcbi uit uitwobc pct lfou bi

yl wieyac+ Fuuol! pftf c PPWIB! fal bfu tcrfu bi ikrtinf! c lckrfkri f uit ikrtinyi f

efbf eaoikri il efbf wieyac rfldl biwi uit biritlokfbc+ F cpc bi bowobot c pibobc

rctkf pcuuwia gctkieit c uitwoc f yl eaoikri eyhc pibobc i}eibi f efpfeobfbi bc wieyac+

Bowobot rfldl pcbi pitlorot tibyxot cu eyurcu+ C Ptcdailf bi Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacuecl Ikrtinf Bowobobf i Hfkiafu bi Rilpc ylf i}rikuc bc PPWIB! fetiueikrfkbc,ami

cu fpcocu bfu hfkiafu bi rilpc Z7\+

Aikurtf Tokkcc i Jfk Z49\ fkfaouftfl f eclpai}obfbi bc ptcdailf bi pafkiflikrc i

eckeaytfl vyi ptfroeflikri rcbcu cu ptcdailfu bi pafkiflikrc bi wieyacu uc KP,mftb

-ikrti iaiu c eauuoec PPW/! ylf wix vyi kc uc tiucawobcu il rilpc pcaokclofa+

Uinykbc Ucaclck i Biutcuoitu Z47\! c PPWHR rfldl KP,mftb! pctvyi ylf i}rikucbc PPW+ Fpiuft bc PPWHR uit ylf uolpaostefc bc PPW! fokbf KP,mftbZ44\ Z4>\+

4= # 66?

5 box,ui vyi bipikbi bfu aiou bc fefuc+

2 ptcdailfu vyi kc pcbil uit tiucawobcu bi gctlf cproloxfbf kyl rilpc bi eclpyrfc aolorfbc pcaokclofa,

likri

9 mopriui vyi! kylf piuvyouf! aiwfl f ylf biuecditrf eoikrstef: lrcbc fkfaroec pftf f biuecditrf bi witbfbiu

eoikrstefu+


29/119

Pftf fpaoefiu bc lykbc tifa vyi tiucawil PPW iuuikeofa igieryft ylf tpobf uiaiec

bi lrcbcu -miyturoefu eckurtyrowfu! cpitfbctiu bi woxokmfkf i liefkoulcu bi gynf/! vyi

ptcbyxfl f biuihfbf liamctof bf gykc cdhierowc+ Fu fpaoefiu ecliteofou bc PPW eck,

witnil ptokeopfalikri pftf ptceibolikrcu fyrc,fbfprfrowcu ecl f kieiuutof tcdyurixpftf tiucawit c ptcdailf ecl f lkolf okritwikc mylfkf kc fhyuri bcu fanctorlcu+ Pct

cyrtc afbc ucayiu giorfu libobf ptieoufl bi gittflikrfu bi ptcrcropfnil geiou bi

yuft! ecl fu libobfu bi biuilpikmc dil bistkobfu pftf iurolft c klitc obifa bi ti,ok,

eocu i oritfiu bcu fanctorlcu olpailikrfbcu Z7\+

Fu fpaoefiu rpoefu bc PPW ropc uc! pct i}ilpac! tiecamf bi tiubycu uaobcu! aolpixf bi

tyfu! pafkiflikrc bi rtfkupctriu iuecaftiu! c rtfkupctri bi piuucfu ecl bisteokeof! c paf,

kiflikrc bi wikbibctiu i pafkiflikrc bi ykobfbiu bi lfkyrikc Z2\+

F bourtodyoc bcu ptcbyrcu box tiupiorc fc uitwoc! kyl biritlokfbc pitcbc bi rilpc!

bi yl eckhykrc bi eaoikriu frtfwu bi yl eckhykrc bi wieyacu! vyi iurc acefaoxfbcu kyl

cy lfou bipuorcu! uc cpitfbcu pct yl eckhykrc bi rtopyafiu -lcrctourfu/ i lcwil,ui

yufkbc ylf tibi tcbcwotof fbivyfbf+ Il pftroeyaft! f ucayc bc PPW tivyit f biritlo,

kfc bi yl eckhykrc bi tcrfu! efbf ylf tifaoxfbf pct yl koec wieyac! vyi eclif i

ritlokf kc uiy ptptoc bipuorc! bi lcbc vyi rcbcu cu tivyouorcu bcu eaoikriu uihfl ufrou,

giorcu! rcbfu fu tiurtoiu cpitfeockfou uihfl ufrougiorfu i cu eyurcu bi rtfkupctri nacdfa uihflokoloxfbc Z2\+

F tibi tcbcwotof! yroaoxfbf pftf c rtfkupctri bi litefbctofu! nitfalikri biuetorf frtfwu

bi yl ntfgc! eyhcu ftecu tiptiuikrfl cu rtccu bi iurtfbf i eyhcu wtroeiu ecttiupckbil

fcu etyxflikrcu! c bipuorc i cu acefou bcu eaoikriu+ Cu ftecu pcbil uit botieeockfbcu cy

kc botieeockfbcu! eckucfkri ui pcbil uit pitecttobcu il fpikfu ylf botiec -pct

i}ilpac! biwobc ptiuikf bi tyfu bi uikrobc koec! rpoec bi tibiu ytdfkfu cy bi fyrc,

iurtfbfu/ cy il fldfu fu botieiu! tiupierowflikri+ F efbf ftec iur fuuceofbc yl eyurc!vyi nitfalikri tiptiuikrf c uiy eclptolikrc i yl rilpc bi wofnil -bytfc/! vyi

pcuuowialikri bipikbikri bc ropc bi wieyac cy bc pitcbc bytfkri c vyfa c ftec pitect,

tobc+ Fu eftferituroefu rpoefu bcu eaoikriu uc Z2\8

, wtroei bc ntstec bf iurtfbf il vyi c eaoikri ui ikeckrtf:

, vyfkrobfbi bi ptcbyrcu -ptceytf/! pcuuowialikri bi ropcu bogitikriu! vyi biwil uit

ikrtinyiu cy tiecamobcu kc eaoikri:4? # 66?


30/119

, pitcbcu bc bof -hfkiafu bi rilpc/ bytfkri c vyfa c eaoikri pcbi uit uitwobc -pct

i}ilpac! pitcbcu iupiestecu bytfkri c vyfa c eaoikri iur boupckwia cy c acefa

pcbi uit faefkfbc! biwobc u aolorfiu bi rtginc/:

, rilpcu kieiuutocu pftf ikrtinft cy tiecamit f litefbctof kc acefa bc eaoikri

-rilpc bi biueftnf cy eftnf! tiupierowflikri/! pcuuowialikri bipikbikri bc ropc

bi wieyac!

, uydeckhykrc bcu wieyacu boupckwiou vyi pcbil uit yufbcu pftf uitwot c eaoikri

-pct i}ilpac! biwobc u aolorfiu bi feiuuc pcuuwia cy tivyouorcu bi eftnf i biu,

eftnf/+

u wixiu! kc pcuuwia ufrougfxit paikflikri c pibobc bi efbf eaoikri+ Kiuriu efucu fuvyfkrobfbiu f uitil ikrtinyiu cy tiecamobfu pcbil uit tibyxobfu cy yl uydeckhykrc bcu

eaoikriu pcbi uit bio}fbc uil frikbolikrc+ Pftf aobft ecl iuufu uoryfiu! bogitikriu ptoc,

tobfbiu cy pikfaoxfiu fuuceofbfu gfarf pfteofa cy rcrfa bc uitwoc pcbil uit frtodybfu

fcu eaoikriu Z2\+

Fu tcrfu tifaoxfbfu pftf frikbit cu eaoikriu eclifl i ritlokfl il yl cy lfou bipuo,

rcu! acefaoxfbcu kcu wtroeiu bc ntfgc+ Efbf bipuorc eftferitoxfbf piac klitc i ropcu bi

wieyacu f iai fuuceofbcu i piac lckrfkri nacdfa bi ptcbyrcu ecl cu vyfou pcbil aobft+ Ilfanylfu fpaoefiu bc lykbc tifa! cu eaoikriu uc bowobobcu ptoctoikrti cu bipuorcu i cu

wieyacu rl bi tintiuuft fc uiy bipuorc kc stkfa bi efbf piteytuc+ Kiuriu efucu! c PPW

nacdfa pcbi uit bieclpcurc il wtocu ptcdailfu okbipikbikriu! efbf yl fuuceofbc f yl

bipuorc bogitikri Z2\+

Rtfkupctri bi litefbctofu igieryfbc yufkbc ylf gtcrf bi wieyacu! eyhf eclpcuoc i

rflfkmc pcbi uit st}c cy pcbi uit bistkobc bi fectbc ecl fu i}onkeofu bcu eaoikriu+ Fu

eftferituroefu rpoefu bcu wieyacu uc Z2\8

, bipuorc okoeofa bc wieyac i f pcuuodoaobfbi bi ritlokft c uitwoc kyl bipuorc vyi

kc c okoeofa:

, efpfeobfbi bc wieyac! i}ptiuuf il ritlcu bi piuc l}olc! wcayli cy vyfavyit

cyrtf gctlf bi vyfkrostefc bf efpfeobfbi vyi c wieyac pcbi efttinft:

, uydbowouc bc wieyac il eclpftrolikrcu! efbf yl eftferitoxfbc piaf uyf efpfeo,

bfbi bi i piac ropc bi diku vyi pcbi rtfkupctrft:

50 # 66?


31/119

, boupcuorowcu boupckwiou pftf fu cpitfiu bi eftnf i biueftnf:

, uydeckhykrc bi ftecu bc ntfgc vyi pcbi uit pitecttobc piac wieyac:

,

eyurcu fuuceofbcu ecl f yroaoxfc bc wieyac -pct ykobfbi bi bourkeof! pct ykobf,bi bi rilpc! pct tcrf! ire+/

Fu tcrfu biwil ufrougfxit bowitufu tiurtoiu cpitfeockfou! vyi bipikbil bf kfrytixf bfu

litefbctofu rtfkupctrfbfu! bf vyfaobfbi bc kwia bi uitwoc! bfu eftferituroefu bcu eaoikriu

i bcu wieyacu+ Fanyku eckurtfknolikrcu rpoecu cpitfeockfou uc Z2\8

, fc acknc bi efbf piteytuc! f feryfa eftnf bc wieyac fuuceofbc kc pcbi i}eibit f

efpfeobfbi bc wieyac! cu eaoikriu uitwobcu kylf tcrf pcbil i}onot fpikfu f ikrti,

nf cy f tiecamf bi diku! cy fldfu fu pcuuodoaobfbiu pcbil i}ourot!

, cu eaoikriu fpikfu pcbil uit uitwobcu kf tiupierowf hfkiaf bi rilpc i kcu pitcbcu

bi rtfdfamc bcu eckbyrctiu fuuceofbcu fcu wieyacu+

Tiurtoiu bi ptieibkeof pcbil uit olpcurfu ucdti f ctbil il vyi cu eaoikriu uitwobcu

pct ylf tcrf uc wouorfbcu+ Yl ropc bi tiurtoc bi ptieibkeof i}oni vyi yl biritlokfbc

eaoikri uihf uitwobc kf liulf tcrf vyi uitwobc yl biritlokfbc uydeckhykrc bi cyrtcu

eaoikriu i vyi c eaoikri biwi uit wouorfbc fkriu -cy bipcou/ bcu eaoikriu pitrikeikriu fc uyd,

eckhykrc fuuceofbc+ Iuri c efuc! pct i}ilpac! bcu emflfbcu ptcdailfu bi ikrtinf i#cytiecamf! ckbi cu piteytucu pcbil tifaoxft f tiecamf i ikrtinf bi litefbctofu! i cu ptcby,

rcu tiecamobcu bcu eaoikriu bi tiecamf biwil uit ikrtinyiu fcu eaoikriu bi ikrtinf piac

liulc wieyac+ Cyrtc ropc bi tiurtoc bi ptieibkeof olpi vyi ui cu eaoikriu bi bogitik,

riu ropcu uc uitwobcu kf liulf tcrf uikbc f ctbil kf vyfa cu eaoikriu uc wouorfbcu st}f

Z2\+

F fwfaofc bc eyurc nacdfa bfu tcrfu i f witostefc bfu tiurtoiu cpitfeockfou olpcurfu

ucdti iafu! tivyit c eckmieolikrc bc eyurc i bc rilpc bi wofnil ikrti efbf pft bi eaoik,riu i ikrti cu bipuorcu i cu eaoikriu+ Pftf iuri stl! c ntfgc ctonokfa -vyi lyorfu wixiu lyo,

rc boupituc/ nitfalikri rtfkugctlfbc kyl ntfgc eclpairc! eyhcu wtroeiu uc cu wtroeiu

bc ntfgc ecttiupckbikri fcu eaoikriu i bipuorcu+ Pftf efbf pft bi wtroeiu oi hbc ntfgc

eclpairc bistkobc yl ftec -o!h/ eyhc eyurc eoh biritlokfbc piac eyurc bc eflokmc lfou

eytrc f pftrot bc wtroei oi f eminft fc wtroeihbc ntfgc+ C rilpc bi wofnil roh! fuuceofbc

f efbf ftec -o!h/ bc ntfgc eclpairc! efaeyafbc eclc f uclf bcu rilpcu bi wofnil bcu

ftecu vyi pitrikeil fc eflokmc lfou eytrc bi opftfhkc ntfgc+ Il wix bc ntfgc ctonokfa!

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eckuobitfbc c ntfgc fuuceofbc eclpairc! vyi pcbi uit botieeockfbc cy kc botieeockfbc!

bipikbikbc bf ptcptoibfbi bc ecttiupckbikri eyurc i c rilpc bi wofnil! lfrtoxiu fuuo,

lrtoefu cy uolrtoefu! tiupierowflikri Z2\+

Wtocu cdhierowcu! lyorfu wixiu eckrtfurfkriu! pcbil uit eckuobitfbcu pftf c PPW+ Cdhiero,

wcu rpoecu uc Z2\8

, lokoloxfc bc eyurc nacdfa bi rtfkupctri! bipikbikri bf bourkeof pitecttobf

nacdfa -cy ucdti c rilpc bi wofnil nacdfa/ i cu eyurcu st}cu fuuceofbcu ecl cu wi,

eyacu yufbcu -i ecl cu eckbyrctiu ecttiupckbikriu/:

, lokoloxfc bc klitc bi wieyacu -cy eckbyrctiu/ kieiuutocu pftf uitwot rcbcu cu

eaoikriu:

, dfafkeiflikrc bfu tcrfu! vyit il ritlcu bi rilpc bi wofnil vyit il eftnf bcu

wieyacu:

, lokoloxfc bfu ufkiu fuuceofbfu fc uitwoc pfteofa bcu eaoikriu:

, cy vyfavyit ecldokfc pckbitfbf biuuiu cdhierowcu+

Il fanylfu fpaoefiu! efbf wieyac pcbi cpitft lfou bi ylf tcrf kc pitcbc bi rilpc

eckuobitfbc cy fu tcrfu pcbil bytft lfou bi yl bof+ Fal bouuc! pct wixiu! kieiuutoceckuobitft wituiu iurceuroefu cy bokloefu rilpc,bipikbikriu bc ptcdailf! cy uihf!

ptcdailfu pftf cu vyfou! ptocto! m fpikfu yl eckmieolikrc pfteofa bf ptceytf bcu eaoik,

riu cy bcu eyurcu -i cu rilpcu bi wofnil/ fuuceofbcu ecl cu ftecu bc ntfgc Z2\+

4+6+ Ptcdailf bc Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacu ecl Hfkiafu bi

Rilpc

Yl PPW nitfa pcbi uit gctlfalikri bistkobc eclc ui uinyi8 bfbc yl klitc st}c Kcy

yl klitc okstkorc bi wieyacu ecl efpfeobfbi aolorfbf ew -libobf il piuc cy wcayli/ i

L.pibobcu bcu eaoikriu! il vyi efbf pibobc tvh i}oni yl uitwoc bi ikrtinf pftf Vh vyfk,

robfbi bi ptcbyrcu#uitwocu! pftf bogitikriu acefou+ F bourkeof! nitfalikri libobf il lo,

kyrcu cy mctfu kieiuutof pftf f wofnil! ikrti bcou pcuuwiou pckrcu bi ikrtinf rfldl

gctkieobf! nitfalikri eclc ylf lfrtox bi bourkeof+ Ikrc! kcuuf rftigf fpitgiocft bi,

ritlokfbcu etortocu bistkobcu piac yroaoxfbct uyhiorc u uinyokriu tiurtoiu duoefu Z7\8

, vyfavyit pibobc tvhbc eaoikri u biwi uit uitwobc pct yl koec wieyac:

54 # 66?


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, pftf efbf wieyac w! f uclf Vw bf vyfkrobfbi bi litefbctofu f uit ikrtinyiu piac

wieyac w biwi uit likct cy onyfa f ew+

Fal bfu tiurtoiu dfui feolf fptiuikrfbfu! il lyorfu fpaoefiu bf wobf tifa! eclc f

ikrtinf bi uypitlitefbc! efbf eaoikri pcbi ucaoeorft vyi cu oriku uihfl ikrtinyiu kyl bi,

ritlokfbc pitcbc -hfkiaf bi rilpc/+ Fuuol! yl PPWHR ril ylf tiurtoc fboeockfa! f

hfkiaf bi rilpc f uit fpaoefbf pftf efbf ikrtinf Z7\8

, vyfkbc ylf hfkiaf bi rilpc ecl c rilpc okoeofa Ih i c rilpc stkfaAh! iupieost,

efbf pftf efbf ikrtinf kyl PPWHR! c rilpc bi eminfbf Rwh bc wieyac w pftf uit,

wot c pibobc tvh bc eaoikri biwi ikeckrtft,ui bikrtc bc rilpc iupieostefbc! vyi Ih

RwhAh+

Yl bcu cdhierowcu lfou eclyku pftf f lokoloxfc bi PPWHR RW(RB! ckbi RW c

klitc bi wieyacu yufbcu! i RB f bourkeof rcrfa pitecttobf pct rcbcu cu wieyacu+ I}ou,

ril lyorfu wftofkriu bc PPWHR! ecl cdhierowcu bogitikriu! eclc c rilpc rcrfa bi wofnil

bi rcbcu cu wieyacu cy c rilpc rcrfa bi iupitf bi rcbcu cu eaoikriu Z7\+

Ylf wix vyi c iupfc bi dyuef pftf rcbfu fu pcuuwiou tcrfu -wowiou cy aoniotflikri okwo,

wiou/ kc PPWHR pcbi uit dfurfkri ntfkbi! liulc pftf efucu ikwcawikbc 600 eaoikriu Z4=\

cy lfou Z4?\ i fu tiurtoiu bfu hfkiafu bi rilpc kc PPWHR pcbil uit bogeiou bi ufrougfxit+Fetiuei fokbf c gferc bf iuecamf fbivyfbf bi ylf miyturoef vyi tirctki uclikri ucayiu

wowiou pcbi uit olpctrfkri pftf f cproloxfc Z7\+

Pftf tiucawit cu PPWHR ril uobc ptcpcurcu ylf ntfkbi wftoibfbi bi fanctorlcu+ Lrcbcu

fkroncu uc biuetorcu kcu okvytorcu Z50\ i Z69\+ Cu lrcbcu il vyi ui fpaoecy f fdctbf,

nil bi byfu gfuiu pftf ucayeockft c PPWHR uc cu lfou dil uyeibobcu Z56\+ Bytfkri f

ptoliotf gfui c fanctorlc miyturoec eckurtyrowc yufbc pftf nitft ylf ucayc wowia oko,

eofa+ Kf uinykbf gfui! ylf miyturoef bi liamctflikrc oritfrowc fpaoefbf ucayc okoeo,fa+ C liefkoulc bi gynf pftf iuefpft bc prolc acefa gtivyikrilikri olpailikrfbc

kf uinykbf gfuiZ7\+

4+4+ Ptcdailf bc Pafkiflikrc bi Wieyacu ecl Ikrtinf i Ti,

ecamf

Kf wituc duoef bc PPWTI! efbf eaoikri oiur fuuceofbc f byfu vyfkrobfbiu boipo! tipti,

uikrfkbc f ptceytf pct ptcbyrcu mclcnkicu pftf uitil ikrtinyiu i#cy tiecamobcu kc55 # 66?


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eaoikri o! tiupierowflikri+ u wixiu! fpikfu ylf vyfkrobfbiBo


35/119

bowobyfou gctlft ylf tcrf bi fyrcefttc+ Piaf lfkm! cu fyrcefttcu tiecamil cu faykcu

bfu pftfniku bi fyrcefttc i rtfkupctrfl,kcu pftf f iuecaf! ecl c ptceiuuc tiwitrobc kc

stkfa bf rftbiZ54\ Z52\+ Efbf Ptcdailf bi Pafkiflikrc bi Rtfkupctriu Iuecaftiu ril cd,

hierowcu bogitikriu i#cy tiurtoiu8

, efpfeobfbi bi fyrcefttc!

, klitc l}olc bi pftfniku pct fyrcefttc!

, eclptolikrc l}olc -cy bytfc/ bi efbf wofnil!

, rilpc bi pitlfkkeof kc fyrcefttc pct pftri bcu faykcu+

C Ptcdailf bi Pafkiflikrc bi Rtfkupctriu Iuecaftiu! nitfalikri! pcuuyo cu uinyokriu

cdhirowcu Z55\ Z59\8

, lokoloxfc bcu eyurcu bi rtfkupctri!

, lokoloxfc bc rilpc bi rtfkupctri!

, lokoloxfc bc rilpc vyi yl iurybfkri pitlfkiei kc fyrcefttc!

, lokoloxfc bc klitc bi fyrcefttcu kieiuutocu!

, lokoloxfc bc rilpc bi wofnil bf gtcrf!

, dfafkeiflikrc bf eftnf bc fyrcefttc i eclptolikrcu bf tcrf+

4+9+ Ptcdailf bc Efo}iotc Wofhfkri

Kc eckri}rc bf cproloxfc bi rtfhiertofu c PEW ril litieobc rcbf f frikc pct okwiu,

ronfbctiu pct eckuroryot yl ptcdailf tfox kf tif bcu ptcdailfu bi rtfkupctri+ Fanctorlcu

fbfprfbcu bfu ucayiu ikeckrtfbfu pftf c ptcdailf bc PEW ril uitwobc pftf ucayeockft

cyrtcu ropcu bi ptcdailfu bi rtfkupctriu+

C PEW eckuouri il ikeckrtft ylf tcrf frtfwu bi yl klitc bi acefou bistkobcu! wouorfk,

bc efbf acefa fpikfu ylf wix i tirctkfkbc fc acefa bi pftrobf! bf gctlf lfou isteoikri! cy

uihf! il likct rilpc i ecl f tcrf lfou pivyikf+ I}ouril lyorcu iurybcu ucdti ucayiu

istefxiu pftf c PEW+ Kc ikrfkrc! ikeckrtft f liamct ucayc bi ylf rftigf KP,mftbtivyit

ikctliu tieytucu i vyfkrobfbi bi rilpc bi eclpyrfc Z57\+

Fc acknc bcu fkcu c PEW i uyfu wftofkriu gctfl fawc bi iurybc fc acknc bc rilpc+ Dijrfu

Z5>\ biurfef fu uinyokriu pcuuwiou wftofiu bc PEW 8 59 # 66?


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, bipuorc koec eckrtf bipuorcu laropacu8 kc efuc bc bipuorc koec! rcbcu cu efo,

}iotcu wofhfkriu okoeofl i ritlokfl fu uyfu tcrfu kyl koec pckrc+ Pct cyrtc afbc!

ui i}ouril wtocu bipuorcu ecl yl klitc bi efo}iotcu wofhfkriu uoryfbcu il efbf

yl! cu efo}iotcu wofhfkriu pcbil tintiuuft fc uiy bipuorc ctonokfa bipcou bi eck,eayot f uyf rftigf cy tirctkft pftf vyfavyit bipuorc ecl f tiurtoc bi vyi c k,

litc okoeofa bi efo}iotcu wofhfkriu il efbf bipuorc eckrokyi c liulc fpu fu wof,

niku+ C ptoliotc eckmieobc eclc c efuc biurokc st}c ikvyfkrc c uinykbc kc,

lifbc eclc c efuc biurokc kc st}c+

, klitc bi wikbibctiu8 C klitc bi efo}iotcu wofhfkriu kc ptcdailf pcbi uit bi,

stkobc eclc wftowia cy st}c+

, eyurcu st}cu8 vyfkbc c klitc bi efo}iotcu wofhfkriu bc ptcdailf kc st}c! efbf

wikbibct ril nitfalikri yl eyurc st}c fuuceofbc! yufbc uilpti vyi iuri efo}iotc

wofhfkri yroaoxfbc kf ucayc+ Kiuri efuc! f lokoloxfc bc klitc bi efo}iotcu

wofhfkriu yufbcu kf ucayc rfldl pcbi uit lcrowc bi pticeypfc+

, hfkiafu bi rilpc8 kiurf wftofc! biritlokfbcu ku ptieoufl uit wouorfbcu il pit,

cbcu iupiestecu! kclifbcu eclc hfkiafu bi rilpc cy okritwfacu bi rilpc+ Iurf

ylf i}rikuc olpctrfkri bc Ptcdailf bcu Laropacu Efo}iotcu Wofhfkriu -PLEW/i tigitobf eclc c Ptcdailf bcu Laropacu Efo}iotcu Wofhfkriu ecl Hfkiafu bi

Rilpc+ C Ptcdailf bcu Laropacu Efo}iotcu Wofhfkriu ecl Hfkiafu bi Rilpc ril

fpaoefiu olibofrfu il ptcdailfu bi pafkiflikrc bi rtfhiercu bi fyrcefttcu iuec,

aftiu! kfwocu i fwoiu+

, cyrtfu tiurtoiu iupieofou8 iurfu tiurtoiu pcbil eckuourot bi aoloriu ucdti c kli,

tc bi wouorfu f efbf k pct efbf efo}iotc wofhfkri! c wfact l}olc cy lkolc bi

bourkeof pitecttobf piac efo}iotc wofhfkri cy cyrtfu tiurtoiu iupieofou+

4+9+6+ Laropacu Efo}iotcu Wofhfkriu

C PLEW ylf i}rikuc bc PEW Z5=\+ Fc eckrttoc bc PEW vyi ril uobc flpaflikri

piuvyoufbc kcu arolcu fkcu! c PLEW! kc rc fpiafrowc kil rc okrikuflikri iurybfbc+

Eckrybc! c PLEW pcbi uit yufbc pftf lcbiaft lyorfu fpaoefiu bc lykbc tifa Z5?\+ C

PLEW fokbf lfou bogeoa bc vyi c PEW i ecl lfou eclpai}obfbi ecldokfrtof Z5?\+

57 # 66?


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Iuri gferc biwi,ui i}ourkeof bi laropacu wieyacu pftf ucayeockft c ntfgc fylikrfkbc c

klitc bi ecldokfiu pcuuwiou+

C PLEW pcbi uit iupieostefbc bf uinyokri gctlf8 i}ouril l wikbibctiu vyi biwil wouo,rft yl eckhykrc bi k eobfbiu! ecl efbf wikbibct f okoeoft i ritlokft kc liulc acefa+

Kiuri ptcdailf! efbf eobfbi biwi uit wouorfbf i}ferflikri ylf wix pct yl koec wikbi,

bct Z5=\ i c eyurc rcrfa bi rcbfu fu tcrfu biwi uit lokoloxfbc+ C eyurc pcbi uit bistkobc

il ritlcu bf bourkeof! bc rilpc! i cyrtcu Z5?\+

I}rikufu dodaocntfstfu i piuvyoufu pcbil uit ikeckrtfbfu kcu aowtcu iuetorcu pct Rcrm i Wo,

nc Z20\ i pct Dfaa! Lfnkfkro! Lcklf i Kilmfyuit Z26\+ Ftourobou Aojfu! Kojcu Wafuuou!

Hfjcd H+ Witdiij fdctbftfl f bowouc bfu eobfbiu il eayuritu i f frtodyoc bi efbf fnty,pflikrc f efbf wikbibct! uynitokbc c fntypflikrc bcu pckrcu bi bfbcu yufkbc j,lifku+

C j,lifku yl fanctorlc pftf eafuuosteft cy fntypft cu cdhiercu ecl dfui il frtodyrcu#

eftferituroefu il jntypcu+ C j yl klitc okriotc pcuorowc+ C fntypflikrc giorc frtf,

wu bf lokoloxfc bf uclf bcu vyfbtfbcu bfu bourkeofu ikrti cu bfbcu i c eayuriteikrtfa

ecttiupckbikri Z24\+ Wtocu eckeiorcu bi fkaoui bi eayuritu rl uobc boueyrobcu il Z25\+

F+ Toxxcao ir+ fa+ eikrtftfl,ui ucdti f fpaoefc bf CEG fc PPW i uyf fpaoefc kc lyk,

bc tifa Z22\+ Ftrmyt I+ Eftrit i Eaogg R+ Tfnubfai biuikwcawitfl ylf kcwf fdctbfnilpftf tiucawit c PLEW+ C lrcbc ptcpi yl kcwc eckhykrc bi etclcuuclfu i cpitfbctiu

eclpftfkbc fu ptcptoibfbiu ritoefu i c biuilpikmc eclpyrfeockfa bf rekoef ptcpcurf

Z29\+

4+9+4+ Fpaoefiu

Fu fpaoefiu bc PEW i uyfu wftofkriu wc lyorc fal bc ptcdailf bi pafkiflikrc bi

tcrfu bi yl efo}iotc wofhfkri i iurikbi,ui pct bowitufu tifu bi eckmieolikrc! okeayokbc

lfrilroef! eokeof bf eclpyrfc! piuvyouf cpitfeockfa! nikroef! iknikmftof i iaiert,koef Z27\+Bi fectbc ecl Nyrok Z27\ c PEW pcbi uit yroaoxfbc pftf ucayeockft! ikrti cy,

rtcu! ptcdailfu bfu tifu bi pafkiflikrc bi lvyokfu! frtodyoc bi gtivykeofu! iurtyry,

tfc bi lfrtoxiu! tibiu bi riaieclykoefiu i okriaonkeof ftrosteofa+

5> # 66?


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5= # 66?


39/119

5+OKRTCBYC CPROLOXFC

Ntcuuiotflikri gfafkbc pcbilcu eckuobitft f cproloxfc eclc ylf lircbcacnof vyi

tivyit bcou iailikrcu gykbflikrfou8 -6/ f fbfprfc i f stkfaobfbi+ Iurtorflikri gfafkbc!

pcbilcu bistkot f cproloxfc eclc8 f lybfkf! lcbostefc! fbfprfc uourilroef! bi

yl ptceiuuc vyi wouf -4/ faefkft yl cdhierowc pt,biritlokfbc+ Iuri igiorc pcbi uit c wf,

act l}olc#lkolc bi ylf gykc kyltoef bistkobf piac yroaoxfbct+ Il cyrtfu pfafwtfu!

f cproloxfc biwi ikwcawit yl iailikrc ricanoec bi ufdit c vyi wflcu gfxit -lf}oloxft

ylf gykc/! lfu ylf onkctkeof bf gctlf! c piteytuc nitfa eckbyeikri lirf+ F tiuc,

ayc ptroef biurf uoryfc pftfbc}fa f iuukeof bi rcbf f tif bi piuvyouf emflfbf

rictof bi cproloxfc Z9\+

Ecl dfui kiuri ikrikbolikrc yl fanctorlc bi cproloxfc pcbi uit bistkobc eclc yl

eckhykrc bi okurtyiu eaftfu iupieostefkbc eclc ptceibit! f pftrot bi eitrfu eckboiu oko,

eofou! fr vyi faefkeilcu f lirf stkfa olpcurf okoeofalikri+ Yl pckrc olpctrfkri f fetiu,

eikrft vyi kf lfoctof bfu wixiu c fanctorlc kc eckuinyi froknot i}ferflikri c cdhiero,

5? # 66?

C eckmieolikrc kcu gfx tiupckuwiou+

Itkiurc Emi Nyiwftf

5


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wc pt,biritlokfbc! il wix bouuc eminf f ylf fptc}olfc bc cdhierowc+ Il fpaoefiu

eoikrstefu i bi iknikmftof! m uilpti yl ntfy bi rcaitkeof i bi ittcu! pitlorokbc,kcu

feiorft eclc eitrfu ucayiu vyfuo,prolfu+ Ourc uonkostef vyi c cdhierowc bf cproloxfc pit,

giorf uilpti obifa! pctvyfkrc cu lcbiacu lfrilroecu kc rtfbyxil kf paikorybi f kf,rytixf bfu ecoufu Z9\+

Il lyorfu fpaoefiu! kc ptieouflcu cproloxft ylf gykc cdhierowc bi gctlf i}paeorf

lfu fkriu ikeckrtft cu wfactiu bfu wftowiou bi yl lcbiac vyi ufrougff ylf utoi bi tiu,

rtoiu bfbfu! i}ptiuufu frtfwu bi tiafiu lfrilroefu+ Vyfkbc iuufu tiafiu rclfl f

gctlf bi k onyfabfbiu kc,ecttiafeockfbfu pftf onyfa klitc bi wftowiou bc ptcdailf,

lcbiac ylf ucayc i}ouri! uikbc iurf koef Z5\+

F cproloxfc ylf gittflikrf olpctrfkri kf eokeof i kf fkaoui bi uourilfu guoecu+

Pftf gfxit yuc biuuf gittflikrf! ptieouc ptoliotc obikrosteft ylf libobf vyfkrorfrowf bc

biuilpikmc bc uourilf il iurybc! yl cdhierowc+ Iuri cdhierowc pcbit uit c ayetc! c ril,

pc! f ikitnof pcrikeofa! cy vyfavyit vyfkrobfbi cy ecldokfc bfu vyfkrobfbiu vyi pc,

bil uit tiptiuikrfbcu pct yl koec klitc+ C cdhierowc bipikbi bi eitrfu eftferituroefu

bc uourilf! emflfbfu bi wftowiou cy okenkorfu+ C cdhierowc ikeckrtft cu wfactiu bfu

wftowiou vyi cproloxfl c cdhierowc+ Lyorfu wixiu! fu wftowiou uc aolorfbfu! cy tiurtorfu!

bi fanylf gctlf+ Pct i}ilpac fu vyfkrobfbiu! eclc f bikuobfbi bi iaertcku kylf lca,eyaf i f rf}f bi hytcu bi yl ilpturolc kc pcbil uit kinfrowfu Z5\+

Ptcdailfu bi cproloxfc ecldokfrtof uc okrtonfkriu pctvyi uc gtivyikrilikri geiou

bi bieaftft! lfu lyorc bogeiou bi tiucawit+ Lyorcu bcu ptcdailfu tiafeockfbcu ecl fu fpao,

efiu uc bc ropcKP,mftb! cy uihf! fetiborf,ui gctrilikri vyi kc pcbil uit tiucawobcu bi

gctlf cproloxfbf kyl rilpc bi eclpyrfc aolorfbc pcaokclofalikri+ Biurf gctlf

pftf tiucawit efucu bi ntfkbiu okurfkeofu lyorfu wixiu ril vyi ui yuft lrcbcu fptc}olf,

bcu vyi tirctkfl ucayiu vyfuo,prolf kyl rilpc tiafrowflikri eytrc+ Fanctorlcu biuriropc uc wfnflikri emflfbcu bi miyturoef+ Ecurylfl yuft eckmieolikrcu bi ptcdailfu

iupiestecu pftf eckurtyot fu liamctiu ucayiu Z2>\+

Tieikrilikri lyorcu okwiuronfbctiu rl gcefbc f uyf frikc kylf kcwf eafuui bi fanc,

torlcu! emflfbcu bi lirf,miyturoefu+ Ylf lirf,miyturoef yl eckhykrc bi eckeiorcu bi

fanctorlcu vyi pcbil uit yufbcu pftf bistkot cu lrcbcu miyturoecu fpaoewiou f yl wfurc

eckhykrc bi ptcdailfu bogitikriu+ Il cyrtfu pfafwtfu! ylf lirf,miyturoef pcbi uit wourf

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eclc yl lrcbc miyturoec bi yuc nitfa biurokfbc f ctoikrft yl ptcdailf uydhfeikri

iupiestec pftf tinoiu ptclouuctfu bc iupfc bi dyuef eckrikbc ucayiu bi farf vyfaobf,

bi+ F lirf,miyturoef pcbi uit fpaoefbf f bogitikriu ptcdailfu bi cproloxfc ecl pcyefu

lcbostefiu pftf rctk,acu fbfprfbcu f yl ptcdailf iupiestec+ C yuc bi lirf,miyturo,efu ril fylikrfbc uonkostefrowflikri f efpfeobfbi bi ikeckrtft ucayiu bi vyfaobfbi

iaiwfbf il ptcdailfu bi cproloxfc ecldokfrtof! rictoeflikri bogeiou bi cdrit kyl

rilpc tfxcwia Z2>\+

Lirf,miyturoefu cy lrcbcu nitfou bi piuvyouf acefa ril litieobc ylf etiueikri frikc

piaf eclykobfbi eoikrstef8 fu eckgitkeofu lfou olpctrfkriu bi piuvyouf cpitfeockfa rl

ylf cy wtofu uiuuiu okriotflikri biboefbfu f lirf,miyturoefu i rfldl i}ouril bowitufu

tiwourfu eoikrstefu okriotflikri biboefbfu f iafu+ Kf aoritfrytf bi piuvyouf cpitfeockfalyorcu lcbiacu lfrilroecu iainfkriu i lrcbcu bi ucayc rl uobc biuikwcawobcu pftf

aobft ecl cu ptcdailfu bc lykbc tifa+ Fpiuft bi fanylfu fdctbfniku iupiestefu bi uy,

eiuuc eclc fanctorlcu aolorfbcu i ptcntflfu bokloecu! ptcpcurfu pftf tiucawit cu ptc,

dailfu bf cproloaobfbi il ptcdailfu ecldokfrtocu bi farf bolikuockfaobfbi fptiuikrfl

ntfkbi bosteyabfbi kf cdrikc bi ucayiu prolfu kc iupfc bi ucayc+ F faritkfrowf

iur kf piuvyouf bi ucayiu fptc}olfbfu! il rilpc i ecl tieytucu wowiou Z2>\+

Fpiuft bi lyorcu ptcdailfu bi cproloxfc bouetirf uitil aokiftiu! m rfldl yl ntfk,bi klitc bi ptcdailfu ptroecu vyi uc bc ropc kc,aokiftiu+ Pct i}ilpac! kyl ptcdai,

lf bi facefc aokift! pcbi uit kieiuutoc aiwft il eckuobitfc cu eyurcu kc,aokiftiu bf

gykc cdhierowc! ikrc iuri ptcdailf rctkf,ui yl ptcdailf bi facefc kc,aokift+ Ylf

wituc eckmieobf kc,aokift bi yl ptcdailf bi facefc aokift c ptcdailf vyfbtroec

bi facefc Z2=\+

5+6+ Cproloxfc Eckrkyf i Cproloxfc Bouetirf

Il fanyku ptcdailfu bi cproloxfc fu wftowiou u gfxil uikrobc ui fuuylotil wfactiu

okriotcu+ Pct i}ilpac! ylf wftowia }o pcbi tiptiuikrft c klitc bi eikrtfou iaertoefu bc

ropcO! vyi biwil uit eckurtybfu pct yl gctkieibct bi iaiertoeobfbi bytfkri cu pt}olcu

eokec fkcu! cy pcbitof okboeft ui ylf gdtoef iupieofa! biwi cy kc uit acefaoxfbf kylf

biritlokfbf eobfbi+ Ptcdailfu biuri ropc uc emflfbcu bi ptcdailfu bi ptcntflfc

okriotf+ Ui fanylf bfu wftowiou bc ptcdailf kc iur tiurtorf f uit okriotf cy wftowiou do,

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ktofu! ikrc! cu ptcdailfu! uc u wixiu emflfbcu bi ptcdailfu bi ptcntflfc okriotf

lourf Z5\+

Ptcdailfu bi ptcntflfc okriotf uc yl ropc bi ptcdailf bi cproloxfc bouetirf+ Ni,tfalikri! cu ptcdailfu bi cproloxfc bouetirf pcbil eckrit kc fpikfu klitcu okriotcu

i wftowiou doktofu! lfu rfldl wftowiou cdhierc lfou fdurtferfu! rfou eclc pitlyrfiu

bi yl eckhykrc ctbikfbc+ F eftferituroef vyi bistki yl ptcdailf bi cproloxfc boueti,

rf vyi c } biueckmieobc rotfbc bi yl eckhykrc stkorc -lfu lyorc ntfkbi/+ Il eckrtf,

pftrobf c eckhykrc bi ucayiu wowiou pftf ptcdailfu bi cproloxfc eckrkyf nitfalikri

uc okstkorcu uikbc } yl klitc tifa+ Ptcdailfu bi cproloxfc eckrkyf uc kctlfalik,

ri lfou geiou bi tiucawit pctvyi fu gykiu rctkfl pcuuwia f yroaoxfc bi okgctlfiu

cdhierowfu i bi tiurtoiu kyl biritlokfbc pckrc } pftf bibyxot okgctlfiu ucdti f gyk,c! c eclpctrflikrc il rcbcu cu pckrcu pitrc bi }+ Il ptcdailfu bouetircu! pct eckrtfu,

ri! c eclpctrflikrc bc cdhierowc i tiurtoiu pcbil faritft,ui uonkostefrowflikri libobf

vyi ui biuacefl bi yl pckrc wowia pftf c cyrtc! liulc ui cu bcou pckrcu uc pt}olcu!

pct fanylf libobf+ Cu eckhykrcu bi ucayiu wowiou pftf ptcdailfu bi cproloxfc bou,

etirf pcbil uit pikufbcu eclc pcuuyokbc ylf gctlf i}rtilf bi kc eckwi}obfbi Z5\+

5+4+ Cproloxfc Tiurtorf i Kc Tiurtorf

Ptcdailfu ecl f gctlf nitfa pcbil uit eafuuostefbcu uinykbc f kfrytixf bf gykc cdhie,

rowc i tiurtoiu -aokift! kc aokift/! c klitc bi wftowiou -ntfkbi cy pivyikc/! c ropc bi

gykiu -bogitikeowiou cy kc bogitikeowiou/ i fuuol pct bofkri+ Ylf bourokc olpctrfkri

ikrti cu ptcdailfu vyi rl tiurtoiu ucdti fu wftowiou i cu vyi kc rl+ Ptcdailfu bi

cproloxfc ottiurtorf uytnil botierflikri il lyorfu fpaoefiu ptroefu+ Liulc pftf

fanyku ptcdailfu ecl cu eckboeockfaoulcu kfrytfou ucdti fu wftowiou! pcbi uit uinytc on,

kct,afu pcou iafu kc fgierfl f ucayc i kc okritgitil ecl cu fanctorlcu+ Ptcdailfu

uil tiurtoiu uytnil rfldl eclc tigctlyafiu bi ptcdailfu bi cproloxfc tiurtorf!il vyi fu tiurtoiu uc uydurorybfu pct ritlcu bi pikfaoxfc fboeockfbcu gykc cd,

hierowc vyi rl c igiorc bi biuikectfhft wocafiu bi tiurtoc Z5\+

Ptcdailfu bi cproloxfc tiurtorf uytnil f pftrot bi lcbiacu il vyi fu tiurtoiu biuil,

pikmfl yl pfpia iuuikeofa! pct i}ilpac! kf olpcuoc bi tiurtoiu ctflikrfou kyl

ptcdailf ieckloec cy tiurtoiu kf gctlf bi yl ptcdailf bi biuonk+ Iurfu tiurtoiu pc,

bil uit uolpaiu! rfou eclc aoloriu 0 }6 600! cy biuonyfabfbiu kc,aokiftiu vyi tipti,

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uikrfl tiafiu eclpai}fu ikrti fu wftowiou+ Vyfkbc f gykc cdhierowc i fu tiurtoiu uc

gykiu aokiftiu bi }! c ptcdailf yl ptcdailf bi ptcntflfc aokift+ Ptcdailfu biuri

ropc uc ptcwfwialikri cu lfou flpaflikri gctlyafbcu i tiucawobcu bi rcbcu cu ptcdailfu

bi cproloxfc! iupieofalikri kf niurc stkfkeiotf! ieckloef i fpaoefiu+ Ptcdailfu biptcntflfc kc,aokift il vyi piac likcu fanylfu bfu tiurtoiu cy c cdhierowc uc gyk,

iu kc,aokiftiu! rikbil f uytnot kfrytfalikri kfu eokeofu guoefu i iknikmftof! uikbc

yroaoxfbfu efbf wix lfou kf fblokourtfc i eokeofu ieckloefu Z5\+

5+5+ Cproloxfc Iurceuroef i Biritlokuroef

Il fanyku ptcdailfu bi cproloxfc! c lcbiac kc pcbi uit eclpairflikri iupieostefbc!

pcou bipikbi bfu vyfkrobfbiu vyi uc biueckmieobfu kc lclikrc bf gctlyafc+ Iurfeftferituroef eclpftroamfbf pct lyorcu lcbiacu bi pafkiflikrc ieckloec i stkfkeio,

tc! vyi pcbi bipikbit! pct i}ilpac! bfu rf}fu bi hytcu gyrytfu! f ptceytf gyrytf bi yl

ptcbyrc! cu pticu bfu eclcbobfbiu gyrytfu! lfu f okeitrixf pcbi uytnot kfrytfalikri il

vyfui vyfavyit ropc bi fpaoefc Z5\+

Fc okwu bi yuft fpikfu ylf $liamct iurolfrowf$ pftf fu vyfkrobfbiu okeitrfu! pcuuwia

cdrit lfou ucayiu riou! okectpctfkbc kcwcu eckmieolikrcu ucdti iuufu vyfkrobfbiu kc

lcbiac+ Pct i}ilpac! iaiu pcbil eckmieit ylf utoi bi eiktocu pcuuwiou pftf f ptceytfokeitrf! hykrflikri ecl fu iurolfrowfu bfu ptcdfdoaobfbiu bi efbf eiktoc+ Fanctorlcu bi

cproloxfc iurceuroef yroaoxfl iuufu vyfkrostefiu bi okeitrixf pftf ptcbyxot ucayiu

vyi cproloxfl c biuilpikmc iupitfbc bc lcbiac Z5\+

5+2+ Fanctorlcu bi Cproloxfc

Cu fanctorlcu bi cproloxfc uc ptceiuuc oritfrowcu+ Iaiu eclifl ecl yl wfact okoeofa

bf wftowia } i nitfl ylf uivykeof bi iurolfrowfu liamctfbfu! fr ritlokft! pcuuowialik,

ri ecl ylf ucayc+ F iurtfrnof yroaoxfbf pftf pfuuft bi ylf oritfc pftf f pt}olf bou,

roknyi yl fanctorlc bc cyrtc+ F lfoctof bfu iurtfrnofu gfx yuc bcu wfactiu bf gykc cd,

hierowc g! fu gykiu bi tiurtoc bi eo! i pcuuowialikri f ptoliotf i uinykbf bitowfbfu biu,

ufu gykiu+ Fanyku fanctorlcu feylyafl okgctlfc tiecamobf il oritfiu fkritoctiu!

ikvyfkrc cyrtcu yroaoxfl fpikfu fu okgctlfiu cdrobfu kc pckrc feryfa+ Okbipikbikri,

likri bfu iupieosteobfbiu! dcku fanctorlcu biwil pcuuyot fu uinyokriu ptcptoibfbiu Z5\8

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, tcdyurix , biwil i}ieyrft dil kylf wftoibfbi bi ptcdailfu bf uyf eafuui! pftf

rcbcu cu wfactiu tfxcwiou bc pckrc bi pftrobf+

, isteokeof , kc biwil kieiuuorft bi rilpc i}eiuuowc bc eclpyrfbct cy bi ftlf,

xikflikrc+

, ptieouc , biwil uit efpfxiu bi obikrosteft ylf ucayc ecl ptieouc! uil uit i},

eiuuowflikri uikuwiou f ittcu kcu bfbcu cy f ittcu bi ftorlroef bi fttibckbflik,

rc vyi cecttil vyfkbc c fanctorlc i}ieyrfbc kyl eclpyrfbct+

Iuuiu cdhierowcu pcbil ikrtft il eckfflorc+ Pct i}ilpac! yl lrcbc bi tpobf eckwitnk,

eof pftf yl ptcdailf kc,aokift ottiurtorc pcbi i}onot lyorc ftlfxikflikrc bc eclpy,

rfbct+ Pct cyrtc afbc! yl lrcbc tcdyurc rfldl pcbi uit lfou aikrc+ Rtcefu ikrti f rf}f

bi eckwitnkeof i cu tivyouorcu bi ftlfxikflikrc i ikrti tcdyurix i wiaceobfbi! i fuuol

pct bofkri! uc cu rilfu eikrtfou il cproloxfc kyltoef Z5\+

F rictof lfrilroef bf cproloxfc yufbf rfkrc pftf eftferitoxft cu pckrcu obifou eclc

pftf gctkieit f dfui pftf f lfoctof bcu fanctorlcu+ Kc pcuuwia rit ylf dcf eclptiik,

uc bi cproloxfc kyltoef uil ylf sttli eclptiikuc bf rictof bi fpcoc Z5\+

5+9+ Piuvyouf Acefa

F piuvyouf acefa yl bcu pftfbonlfu gykbflikrfou pftf f tiucayc bi ptcdailfu ecl,

dokfrtocu eclpyrfeockfalikri bogeiou+ Gctkieikbc f dfui pftf fanyku bcu lfou dil uy,

eibobcu i wituriou lrcbcu pftf ucayeockft ptcdailf bogeiou ikeckrtfbcu il lyorfu fpao,

efiu kf wobf tifa+ Fpiuft bcu fwfkcu olptiuuockfkriu kf uourilroef i kcu fanctorlcu bi

piuvyouf eclpairf! cu lrcbcu bi piuvyouf acefa il lyorcu efucu! tiptiuikrfl c koec

eflokmc wowia pftf f tiucayc biuuiu efucu ntfkbiu i eclpai}cu+ Fanctorlcu bi Piuvyouf

Acefa uc kfrytfalikri fbivyfbcu pftf aobft ecl cu etortocu bi cproloxfc vyi uytnil

il lyorfu fpaoefiu ptroefu Z2?\+

F obiof duoef uydhfeikri bi piuvyouf acefa eclift ecl ylf ucayc efkbobfrf bi ylf

okurkeof bi biritlokfbc ptcdailf! nitfbf faifrctoflikri cy miytouroeflikri! vyi pcbi

uit okwowia! uyd,prolf cy okeclpairf i liamctft iurf ucayc oritfrowflikri pct lioc bi

lcbostefiu kctlfalikri likctiu+ Cu bogitikriu lrcbcu bi piuvyouf acefa wftofl kf

lfkiotf il eclc fu liamctofu uc faefkfbfu i! il pftroeyaft! kf gctlf eclc fu uoryf,

iu! il vyi kikmylf liamctof botierf pcuuwia! uc lfkopyafbfu Z2?\+

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F lfoctof bcu lrcbcu bi piuvyouf acefa yuf f faifrctoibfbi pftf nftfkrot vyi c ptceiuuc

bi piuvyouf kc iurfnkf ecl ucayiu efkbobfrc okufrougfrtofu i! pctrfkrc! uc tigitobcu

eclc lrcbcu bi piuvyouf acefa iurceuroef+ Ptcilokikriu i}ilpacu bi lrcbcu bi piuvyo,

uf acefa iurceuroef uc8 fpitgiocflikrcu faifrtocu oritfrowcu! Fanctorlcu Iwcayrowcu! Piu,vyouf Bokloef Acefa i! lfou tieikrilikri! f CEG+ Iuufu eafuuiu bi fanctorlcu bi piuvyouf

acefa uc rfldl eckmieobfu eclc lirf,miyturoefu Z2?\+

Lyorcu lrcbcu bi piuvyouf acefa iurceuroef uc eckeioryfalikri dfurfkri uolpaiu i tiafro,

wflikri geiou bi olpailikrft il eclpftfc ecl lyorfu cyrtfu rekoefu+ Fc liulc

rilpc iaiu fptiuikrfl lyorfu wixiu i}eiaikri pitgctlfkei+ Fal bouuc! cu Fanctorlcu bi

Piuvyouf Acefa Iurceuroef uc! lyorfu wixiu! dfurfkri ffli}wiou kf libobf il vyi pcbil

uit gfeoalikri fbfprfbcu u lybfkfu kf iupieostefc bi yl ptcdailf+ Ouuc gfx biaiu ylfiuecamf lyorc pcpyaft pftf tiucawit ptcdailfu bi fpaoefiu eckeioryfalikri eclpai}fu

vyi u wixiu kc uc rcrfalikri gctlfaoxfbcu kc okeoc bi yl ptchierc+ Eckuivyikrilik,

ri! fanctorlcu bi piuvyouf acefa iurceuroef iurc ikrti fu lfou ptcilokikriu i flpaflikri

yroaoxfbfu rekoefu bi tiucayc bi ptcdailfu ecldokfrtoc kf fefbilof i kf okburtof

Z2?\+

Bfbc yl ptcdailf ecldokfrtoc! f obiof emfwi pct rtu bi piuvyouf acefa lyorc uolpaiu8

f pftrot bi ylf pcuoc okoeofa bi piuvyouf! il efbf irfpf c ptceiuuc bi piuvyouf biuacef,uipftf ylf pcuoc uiaieeockfbf f pftrot bf woxokmfkf -ropoeflikri dfuifbcu kylf gykc

bi fwfaofc miyturoef/+ Iuri ptceiuuc oritfbc fr froknot yl etortoc bi pftfnil+ Pftf

iworft f iurfnkfc bc ptceiuuc bi piuvyouf! vyfui rcbcu cu fanctorlcu bi piuvyouf acefa

yroaoxfl fanylf gctlf bi faifrctoibfbi! kctlfalikri kf nitfc bi pcuoiu okoeofou i il

lyorcu efucu! rfldl kfu irfpfu bi piuvyouf Z2?\+

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2+ECLPYRFC IWCAYROWF I OKRIAONKEOF

ECAIEROWF

F OF pcbi uit bistkobf eclc c tflc bf eokeof bf eclpyrfc vyi ui pticeypf ecl f fy,

rclfc bi eclpctrflikrc okriaonikri Z90\+ F OF c eflpc vyi iurybf f ukriui i fkaoui

bi fnikriu eclpyrfeockfou vyi fnil bi gctlf okriaonikri Z96\+ Yl fnikri fanc vyi gyk,

eockf kyl fldoikri , vyi gfx fanylf ecouf+ Fnikriu okeayil eiu! ritlurfrcu! fwoiu! ui,

tiu mylfkcu! ilptiufu i pfuiu+ Okritiuuf c vyi yl fnikri gfx! ourc ! eclc iai fni+ Ylfnikri hyanfbc piafu uyfu feiu+ Yl fnikri fni okriaonikrilikri vyfkbc c vyi gfx

fptcptofbc pftf fu eoteykurkeofu i uiyu cdhierowcu! ffli}wia il fldoikriu bokloecu!

fptikbi ecl f i}pitokeof i gfx iuecamfu fbivyfbfu! bfbfu fu uyfu aolorfiu piteiprowfu i

eclpyrfeockfou+ Yl fnikri kc pcbi kctlfalikri cduitwft c iurfbc bc lykbc botierf,

likri! ril ylf liltof stkorf i kc ril rilpc oaolorfbc pftf fnot Z96\+

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F kfrytixf c koec aowtc vyi cgitiei yl eckribcwfaocuc il rcbfu fu uyfu gcamfu+

Ncirmi

2


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, c ptceiuuc iwcayrowc cectti bytfkri f gfui bi tiptcbyc+ I}ouri yl ntfkbi kli,

tc bi liefkoulcu bi tiptcbyc kf kfrytixf+ Cu lfou eclyku uc f lyrfc -vyi

gfx ecl vyi cu etclcuuclfu bf ptcai uihfl bogitikriu bfvyiaiu bcu pfou/ i tiecl,

dokfc -vyi ecldokf cu etclcuuclfu bcu pfou pftf ptcbyxot f ptcai/+

Yl fanctorlc iwcayrowc yl ptceiuuc oritfrowc i iurceuroec7 vyi cpitf ucdti yl eckhykrc

bi okbowbycu -pcpyafc/+ Efbf okbowbyc tiptiuikrf ylf ucayc pcrikeofa pftf c ptc,

dailf uit tiucawobc+ Iurf ucayc cdrobf pct lioc bi yl liefkoulc bi ecbostefc#biu,

ecbostefc+ Okoeofalikri f pcpyafc nitfbf faifrctoflikri -rfawix ecl f fhybf bi ylf

eckurtyc miyturoef/+ F efbf okbowbyc bf pcpyafc frtodybc! pct lioc bi ylf gyk,

c bi fprobc! ylf libobf bf uyf efpfeobfbi pftf ucayeockft c ptcdailf il vyiurc+

Iuri wfact f okgctlfc vyfkrorfrowf vyi c fanctorlc yuf pftf ctoikrft f piuvyouf Z95\+

C Ptokepoc bi Bft~ok $F ucdtiwowkeof bc lfou fprc$ pcbi uit yufbc eclc pckrc bi pft,

robf kf okrtcbyc bf Eclpyrfc Iwcayrowf -EI/+ C eckeiorc bi iwcayc pcbi uit fpao,

efbc f ptcdailfu ckbi fu ucayiu miyturoefu kc iurc ptiuikriu cy ptcbyxil tiuyarfbcu

okufrougfrtocu+ Eclc tiuyarfbc! cu fanctorlcu iwcayrowcu uc bi okritiuui tieikri! il pftro,

eyaft pftf tiucawit ptcdailfu ptroecu Z95\+

F rictof bf uiaiec kfrytfa ptcpi vyi fu pafkrfu i fkolfou vyi i}ouril mchi uc c tiuya,rfbc bi loamiu bi fkcu bi fbfprfc u i}onkeofu bc fldoikri+ Il bfbc lclikrc! yl

klitc bi ctnfkoulcu bogitikriu pcbil eci}ourot i eclpirot piacu liulcu tieytucu kyl

iecuuourilf+ Cu ctnfkoulcu vyi uc lfou efpfxiu bi fbvyotot tieytucu i ptcetoft ecl uy,

eiuuc uc fvyiaiu eyhcu biueikbikriu rikbil f uit lfou kylitcucu kc gyrytc+ Ctnfkoulcu

vyi! pct vyfavyit tfxc! uc likcu efpfxiu rikbil f rit pcyecu cy kikmyku biueikbikriu

kc gyrytc+ Cu ptoliotcu uc eckuobitfbcu lfou fprcu bc vyi cu arolcu i fu eftferituroefu

bourokrowfu vyi olpyauockftfl c ptoliotc f uit fprc uc uiaieeockfbfu il birtolikrc bfu

eftferituroefu biuri arolc+ Ecl c rilpc! rcbf f pcpyafc bc iecuuourilf iwcayo bi gct,lf f eckrit cu okbowbycu vyi! il lbof! uc lfou fprcu bc vyi cu bi nitfiu fkritoctiu

bf pcpyafc! pctvyi iaiu fptiuikrfl lfou biuufu eftferituroefu vyi rikbil f ptclcwit f

ucdtiwowkeof Z95\+

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F EI okectpctf iuriu ptokepocu iwcayrowcu il fanctorlcu vyi pcbil uit yroaoxfbcu pftf

ptceytft fu liamctiu ucayiu pftf yl ptcdailf+ Kyl fanctorlc bi piuvyouf iurc boupc,

kwiou ylf utoi bi pcuuwiou ucayiu pftf yl ptcdailf i f rftigf ikeckrtft f liamct

ucayc pcuuwia kyl biritlokfbc pitcbc bi rilpc+ Pftf yl iupfc bi dyuef ecl fpi,kfu yl pivyikc klitc bi ucayiu pcuuwiou! rcbfu fu ucayiu pcbil uit i}flokfbfu il

ylf vyfkrobfbi tfxcwia bi rilpc i ylf prolf ikeckrtfbf+ Ikrtirfkrc! iurf piuvyouf

i}fyurowf tfpobflikri ui rctkf olptfroewia eclc c fylikrc bc rflfkmc bc iupfc bi

dyuef+ Fanctorlcu bi piuvyouf rtfboeockfou piuvyoufl c iupfc bi dyuef pct ylf ucayc!

bf efbf wix! kf iupitfkf bi ikeckrtft f ucayc obifa+ C fupierc ptokeopfa vyi bouroknyi

yl fanctorlc bi piuvyouf iwcayrowf bi rfou fanctorlcu rtfboeockfou vyi bi dfui pcpyaf,

eockfa+ Frtfwu bf fbfprfc bi nitfiu uyeiuuowfu bi yl ntfkbi klitc bi okbowbycu!

yl fanctorlc iwcayrowc tifaoxf ylf piuvyouf isteoikri botonobf+ Piuvyouf iwcayrowf nitfa,

likri liamct bc vyi f piuvyouf faifrtof Z95\+

F EI eclicy fpaoefkbc obiofu bf rictof bf iwcayc docanoef kf eclpyrfc i eckrokyf

ecl frikc fcu kcwcu femfbcu bi piuvyoufu docanoefu il dyuef bi okupotfc Z95\+

Uinykbc Ikniadtiemr Z94\ gctfl biuikwcawobfu bogitikriu eafuuiu bi Fanctorlcu Iwcayrowcu8

, Fanctorlcu Nikroecu vyi lcbiafl f iwcayc nikroef:

, Ptcntflfc Nikroef vyi dfuifbf il FN! lfu cu okbowbycu uc ptcntflfu

-tiptiuikrfbcu eclc twctiu/:

, Ptcntflfc Iwcayrowf vyi bitowfbf bf uolyafc bi eclpctrflikrc fbfprfrowc

il iwcayc -iwcayc gikcrpoef/:

, Iurtfrnofu bi Iwcayc vyi uc ctoikrfbfu pftf f lcbiafc bcu pftlirtcu vyi

eckrtcafl fu wftofiu bf iwcayc! cy uihf! f iwcayc bf iwcayc:

, Iwcayc Bogitikeofa vyi uoloaft fcu FN bogitokbc kc liefkoulc bi tiptcbyc

yroaoxfbc:

, Iwcayc Eyarytfa vyi lcbiaf f iwcayc bf eyarytf bi ylf pcpyafc i eclc f

eyarytf okfflyikeof f iwcayc nikroef i gikcrpoef bcu okbowbycu:

90 # 66?


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, Ec,iwcayc ckbi okoeofalikri okbowbycu ecl efpfeobfbiu tibyxobfu iwcayil

frtfwu bf eccpitfc cy eckecttkeof yku ecl cu cyrtcu! fbvyotokbc fu eftferitu,

roefu kieiuutofu pftf ucdtiwowit+

Cyrtcu fupiercu bf iwcayc kfrytfa rfldl gctfl lcbiafbcu+ Pct i}ilpac! f i}rokc

il lfuuf i FN Bourtodybcu -oamfu/! ckbi bogitikriu pcpyafiu uc lfkrobfu ptfroeflikri

oucafbfu! ecl f iwcayc nikroef f rit aynft il efbf pcpyafc+ Fal bouuc! fupiercu

eclc f lontfc ikrti fu pcpyafiu uc lcbiafbcu+ F lcbiafc bc eclpctrflikrc bi

pftfuorfu i wtyu rfldl eckrtodyoy pftf f liamctof bfu rekoefu iwcayeocktofu+ Kiuri

efuc! cu pftfuorfu cy wtyu okgierfl okbowbycu+ Fvyiaiu okbowbycu vyi uc bilfuofbc gtf,

ecu lcttil+ Pct cyrtc afbc! f olykcacnof ril uobc yroaoxfbf pftf iurybft f iwcayc bcu

wtyu i eclc cu fkroectpcu biwil iwcayot pftf lfrft okgieiu pct wtyu Z94\+

2+6+6+ Wfkrfniku i Fpaoefiu bf Eclpyrfc Iwcayrowf

Fu rekoefu bi EI rl frtfbc! kfu arolfu byfu befbfu! frikc eclc lrcbc bi cprolo,

xfc+ Bc pckrc bi wourf bf cproloxfc! f ptokeopfa wfkrfnil bfu rekoefu bi EI vyi

kc rl lyorf kieiuuobfbi bi lcbiaft lfrilfroeflikri c ptceiuuc f cproloxft kil c

lrcbc bi cproloxfc+ Rybc c vyi ptieouflcu bi ylf fwfaofc bf gykc cdhierowc+

Eclc tiuyarfbc! uc fpaoefbcu f ptcdailfu kc,aokiftiu! bistkobcu il iupfcu bi piuvyouf

bouetirf! eckrkyf cy lourf! tiurtorf cy ottiurtorf+ Fu fpaoefiu bf EI okeayil cu uinyokriu

eflpcu Z95\8

, liboeokf -pct i}ilpac! kf biriec bi efketc bf lflf/!

, iknikmftof bi fpaoefc -okeayokbc ptcbyc iaertoef! liekoef! eowoa! fitckyroef

i tcdroef/!

, ptcdailf bc efo}iotc wofhfkri!

, okriaonkeof bfu lvyokfu!

, uourilfu ptcstuuockfou!

, tibiu bi eclykoefc uil stcu!

, i fuuol pct bofkri+

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Lyorfu ferowobfbiu ikwcawil ptcdailfu kc,iurtyrytfbcu bf wobf tifa vyi uc bogeiou bi

lcbiaft ylf wix vyi i}onil wtocu gferctiu okwyanftiu+ Eitrcu ptcdailfu bi iknikmftof

uc bi kfrytixf eclpai}f8 ptcdailfu bi pafkiflikrc bi mcttocu! PEW! ikrti cyrtcu+ Pftf

rcbfu iurfu fpaoefiu f EI gctkiei ylf ucayc vyfui obifa kc stkfa bi ylf i}ieyc bicproloxfc+ Cu Fanctorlcu Iwcayrowcu uc ffli}wiou i tiafrowflikri geiou bi etyxft ecl

miyturoefu bipikbikriu bc bclkoc! gferc vyi cu rctkf isteoikriu Z95\+

Uinykbc Uowfkfkbfl Z95\ f EI fptiuikrf fu uinyokriu wfkrfniku8

, uolpaoeobfbi eckeipryfa ylf bfu ptokeopfou wfkrfniku bf EI vyi eckeipry,

falikri uolpaiu+ C fanctorlc eckuouri kf okoeofaoxfc! f wftofc oritfrowf i uiaie,

c bf gykc bi biuilpikmc+ F isteeof bi yl fanctorlc iwcayrowc bipikbi bfwftofc i uiaiec bcu cpitfbctiu fpaoefbcu f ylf tiptiuikrfc iuecamobf i bf

okoeofaoxfc+

, flpaf fpaoefdoaobfbi cu fanctorlcu iwcayrowcu pcbil uit fpaoefbcu f rcbcu cu ptc,

dailfu vyi pcbil uit gctlyafbcu eclc ptcdailfu bi cproloxfc bi gykc+ Pftf

tiucawit iuriu ptcdailfu i}oni ylf iurtyrytf bi bfbcu pftf tiptiuikrft i fwfaoft

ucayiu+ Cu fanctorlcu iwcayrowcu uc biuikwcawobcu bi lcbc fbfprwia+ Ouuc gfx

ecl vyi f EI pcuuf uit fpaoefbf f ntfkbiu tifu+

, efpfeobfbi mdtobf cu Fanctorlcu Iwcayrowcu pcbil uit ecldokfbcu ecl cyrtfu

rekoefu bi cproloxfc rtfboeockfa+ F EI pcbi uit yroaoxfbf pftf cproloxft c bi,

uilpikmc bfu tibiu kiytfou! uourilfugyxx! uourilfu bi ptcbyc! ikrti cyrtcu+

, pftfaiaoulc f iwcayc yl ptceiuuc farflikri pftfaiac+ Vyfkbc c ptceiuuf,

likrc bourtodybc ui rctkft lfou wouwia! mfwit yl fylikrc bc pcrikeofa pftf f

fpaoefc bi EI il ptcdailfu tifou lfou eclpai}cu+ Nitfalikri fu ucayiu okbo,

wobyfou uc fwfaofbcu bi gctlf okbipikbikri bfu fwfaofiu frtodybfu u ucayiu

eckecttikriu+ F fwfaofc bi efbf ucayc pcbi uit rtfrfbf il pftfaiac i f uiaiec

tivyit fpikfu ylf cpitfc il utoi+ Ecl igiorc! c rilpc bi i}ieyc kieiuuto,

cu pftf ylf fpaoefc pcbi uit okwituflikri ptcpcteockfa fc klitc bi ptceiuuf,

bctiu+ Fal bouuc! fu lvyokfu bi eclpyrfc feryfou gctkieil wiaceobfbi ecl,

pyrfeockfa uysteoikri pftf nitft ucayiu pftf ptcdailfu bogeiou! il rilpc tfxc,

wia+

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, tcdyurc f lybfkfu bokloefu Cu lrcbcu rtfboeockfou bi cproloxfc kc uc

tcdyurcu f lybfkfu bokloefu kc fldoikri i tivyitil yl ti,okeoc eclpairc

pftf gctkieit ylf ucayc+ Fc eckrttoc! f EI pcbi uit yufbf pftf fbfprft fu uc,

ayiu u kcwfu eoteykurkeofu+ F pcpyafc bi ucayiu nitfbfu gctkiei ylf dfuipftf eckrokyft c liamctflikrc i il lyorcu efucu! kc kieiuutoc tiokoeofaoxft f

pcpyafc bi gctlf faifrtof+ Iuri lrcbc bi fbfprfc il gfei bi yl fldoikri

bokloec ylf wfkrfnil gykbflikrfa+

2+6+4+ Fanctorlcu Nikroecu

F EI uytnoy il 6?70 pct Oknc Tiemikditn kc rtfdfamc $Iurtfrnofu bi Iwcayc$+ Iuuf

obiof gco ikrc biuikwcawobf pct cyrtfu piuvyoufu+ Cu Fanctorlcu Nikroecu -FN/ gctfl ok,

wikrfbcu pct Hcmk Mcaafkb vyi biuikwcawiy iuuf obiof kc uiy aowtc $F fbfprfc il uouri,

lfu kfrytfou i ftrosteofou$ kc fkc bi 6?>9+ Mcaafkb ptcpu cu FN eclc yl lrcbc miytu,

roec dfuifbc il $F ucdtiwowkeof bc lfou fprc$+ Cu FN rctkftfl,ui ylf gittflikrf roa

pftf f piuvyouf i cu ptcdailfu bi cproloxfc Z95\+ Ikrti fu rekoefu iwcayrowfu! cu FN uc

c ntypc lfou faftnfbc bi lrcbcu vyi tiptiuikrfl f fpaoefc bi gittflikrfu iwcayrowfu+

Iaiu eckrfl ecl c yuc bi ylf uiaiec! etyxflikrc i cu cpitfbctiu bi lyrfc+ F uydu,

roryoc cectti nitfalikri pct nitfiu bi kcwcu okbowbycu Z95\+

Okryorowflikri yl FN ptcuuinyi etofkbc uyeiuuowfu nitfiu bi okbowbycu efbf wix lfou

fprcu frtfwu bf fpaoefc bi cpitfiu lyorc uolpaiu+ F piuvyouf nyofbf fpikfu piac

wfact bi fprobc fuuceofbc f efbf okbowbyc bf pcpyafc+ Iuui wfact yufbc pftf eafuuost,

eft cu okbowbycu il gykc bf uyf fprobc tiafrowf pftf ucayeockft c ptcdailf Z95\+

f/Mourtof

Emftaiu Bft~ok fsttlcy f rictof bf iwcayc kfrytfa kf ctonil bfu iupeoiu+ Fc acknc bi

wtofu nitfiu! cu ctnfkoulcu docanoecu iwcayil ecl dfui kc ptokepoc bf uiaiec kfry,

tfa $ucdtiwowkeof bc lfou fprc$ pftf eminft f biritlokfbfu rftigfu kcrwiou+ Uc i}il,pacu fu gctlfu ectpctfou pitgiorfu bc fadfrtcx vyi rtfbyxil f isteokeof! f uiliamfkf ik,

rti rydftiu i ncastkmcu i fuuol pct bofkri! vyi tifflieril fu tifaoxfiu bf iwcayc faifr,

tof ucdti f okriaonkeof+ Fuuol! iaf gykeockf rc dil kf kfrytixf! rctkfkbc,ui okritiuufkri

uolyaft f iwcayc kfrytfa i biuikwcawit yl lrcbc eclpyrfeockfa! vyi uotwf pftf tiuca,

wit ptcdailfu bi cproloxfc bi dyuef Z95\+

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Kf kfrytixf! yl okbowbyc bf pcpyafc iur il eckurfkri eckecttkeof ecl cu cyrtcu

piacu tieytucu! eclc gckriu bi faolikrc! fdtonc i fuuol pct bofkri+ Rfldl kf liulf

iupeoi! cu okbowbycu eclpiril pftf frtfot pfteiotcu pftf tiptcbyc+ Biwobc f iurf ui,

aiec! okbowbycu ecl biuilpikmc okufrougfrtoc rl likcu mopriuiu bi ucdtiwowit i culfou fbfprfbcu cy fprcu ptcbyxil yl klitc tiafrowflikri ntfkbi bi biueikbikriu+

Rfldl pcbi kcrft,ui vyi bytfkri f tiptcbyc! ylf tiecldokfc bfu dcfu eftferitu,

roefu bi efbf fkripfuufbc pcbi ptcbyxot biueikbkeof eyhf fprobc lfoct bc vyi f bi

yl pfo+ Bipcou bi fanylfu nitfiu! fu iupeoiu iwcayil iupckrfkiflikri pftf rctkft,ui

lfou i lfou fbfprfbfu fc uiy fldoikri Z95\+

d/Fanctorlcu Nikroecu kf Feryfaobfbi

Cu FN uc feryfalikri cu lcbiacu eclpyrfeockfou iwcayrowcu lfou olpctrfkriu i lfouflpaflikri yroaoxfbcu kcu uourilfu bi wobf ftrosteofa+ Iuriu lcbiacu biueikrtfaoxfbcu gctki,

eil ylf dfui pftf f eclptiikuc bi lyorcu cyrtcu uourilfu i giklikcu bc lykbc Z95\+

e/Fanctorlcu Nikroecu Kciu Duoefu

Iwcayc frtfwu bf uiaiec kfrytfa kylf pcpyafc bi okbowbycu iuecamobcu faifrctof,

likri pcbi uit pikufbf eclc ylf dyuef frtfwu bc iupfc bi wfactiu pcuuwiou bi etclcu,

uclfu+ Kiuui uikrobc! yl fanctorlc iwcayrowc ylf piuvyouf iurceuroef bi ylf ucayc

prolf pftf yl bfbc ptcdailf Z94\+

Fc acknc bcu fkcu gctfl biuikwcawobcu bowitucu FN eckrybc! fpiuft bfu bogitikfu ikrti

iaiu! rcbcu uinyil cu liulcu ptokepocu duoecu+ Uinyobflikri uc fptiuikrfbcu fanyku

biuuiu ptokepocu! dil eclc fanylfu kciu duoefu bcu liulcu+

-o/Fprobc C eaeyac bcu wfactiu bi fprobc eckeipryfalikri uolpaiu! ildctf pcuuf uit lyorc

eclpai}c bi olpailikrft bi gctlf f cproloxft f isteokeof bf piuvyouf bc FN kc

iupfc bc ptcdailf Z92\+ C fprobc bi yl okbowbyc kyl FN c wfact bi ylf gyk,c cdhierowf pftf c uiy gikropc+ Pftf c eaeyac bf fprobc! c etclcuuclf ril bi

uit ptoliotc biuecbostefbc i fwfaofbc+ C fprobc okboef! kc u ui ylf ucayc dcf

cy kc! lfu rfldl f ptc}olobfbi biurf bf ucayc obifa Z95\+

-oo/Okbowbycu

Yl okbowbyc ylf ucayc koef+ C okbowbyc fntypf byfu gctlfu bi ucayiu8

, c etclcuuclf , lfrtof,ptolf! f okgctlfc nikroef:

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-ooo/Cpitfbctiu Nikroecu

Cu cpitfbctiu nikroecu cgitieil cu liefkoulcu duoecu bi piuvyouf bcu FN+ Cu

cpitfbctiu uc yufbcu pftf etoft kcwfu ucayiu dfuifbfu il ucayiu i}ourikriu kf

pcpyafc+ I}ouril bcou ropcu duoecu bi cpitfbctiu8 lyrfc i etyxflikrc+ C cpi,tfbct lyrfc faritf yl okbowbyc bi gctlf f ptcbyxot ylf kcwf ucayc uoknyaft+

C cpitfbct etyxflikrc uiaieeockf bcou okbowbycu! ecl cu vyfou ptcbyx bcou kcwcu

okbowbycu+ F fpaoefc biuriu bcou ropcu duoecu bi cpitfbctiu i uiyu bitowfbcu bi,

pikbi bf tiptiuikrfc yroaoxfbf pftf c etclcuuclf Z99\+

Gonytf 6 , Tiptiuikrfc ntstef bi wtocu ropc bi etyxflikrc Z97\+

Etyxflikrc bi yl pckrc pcbi uit fpaoefbc f tiptiuikrfiu bouetirfu i bi wfactiu

tifou+ eckurorybc pct ylf uiaiec faifrtof bi yl pckrc bi etyxflikrc il efbf

yl bcu bcou fttfu i piaf rtcef bc lfritofa nikroec bcu bcou okbowbycu il rctkc

biuri pckrc -stnytf 6! f/+ Etyxflikrc lyaro,pckrc eckuouri il uiaieeockft faifrctof,

likri laropacu -k/ pckrcu bi etyxflikrc kcu bcou fttfu i rtceft c lfritofa nikroecbcu bcou okbowbycu ikrti cu pckrcu Z97\+

Pftf tiptiuikrfiu bi wfactiu tifou pcbi,ui rfldl iuecamit ikrti c etyxflikrc

ykogctli i c ftorlroec+ Etyxflikrc ykogctli eckuouri il rtceft c eckribc nik,

roec bi k pcuoiu bfu byfu uivykeofu nikroefu iuecamobfu fc fefuc -stnytf 6! d/+

Etyxflikrc ftorlroec! pct uyf wix! etof yl koec nikropc! rclfkbc f lbof bfu k

f/ 6 6 6 0 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 6 6 0

0 6 6 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 6 6 6 0

6 6 6 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 6 6 6 0

0 6 6 0 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 6 6 0

d/ 0+4 0+7 6+4 5+0 0+= 4+2 0+7

0+2 0+2 6+0 5+2 0+7 4+4 0+7

0+2 0+7 6+0 5+0 0+= 4+4 0+7

0+4 0+2 6+4 5+2 0+7 4+2 0+7

e/ 0+4 0+7 6+4 5+0 0+= 4+2 0+7

0+2 0+2 6+0 5+2 0+7 4+4 0+7

0+5 0+9 6+6 5+4 0+> 4+5 0+7

F D E B I G N N G E B D F I

I D E B N G FI

b/

i/

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pcuoiu iuecamobfu faifrctoflikri bfu byfu uivykeofu nikroefu Z97\! ctonokfkbc

ylf kcwf uivykeof nikroef -stnytf 6! e/+

Vyfkbc c nikropc tiptiuikrf ylf uivykeof! c cpitfbct etyxflikrc biwi tiupio,rft lfou tiurtoiu+ Pct i}ilpac! kc efuc bc PEW biuihf,ui faritft f ctbil piaf vyfa

efbf eobfbi wouorfbf! nftfkrokbc vyi rcbfu fu eobfbiu uc wouorfbfu i vyi kikmylf

eobfbi uihf wouorfbf byfu wixiu+ Pctrfkrc! efbf nikropc biwi eckrit rcbcu cu uldcacu

vyi ecttiupckbil f rcbfu fu eobfbiu i kc biwi eckrit laropafu okurkeofu bc liu,

lc uldcac+ C cpitfbct etyxflikrc etof yl nikropc! eckrikbc ylf pftri uiaieeo,

ckfbf faifrctoflikri bi yl fttf i ptiikemit cu iupfcu tiurfkriu ecl cu acefou tiu,

rfkriu ctnfkoxfbcu kf ctbil vyi fpftiei kf cyrtf uivykeof -stnytf 6! b/+ Pftf ti,

ptiuikrfiu dfuifbfu il twctiu! c etyxflikrc uiaieeockf faifrctoflikri yl kil efbf yl bcu pfou i rtcef f byfu uyd,twctiu ecttiupckb

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Ant Colony Optimization - Planeamento de Transportes Escolares

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