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Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

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? GRIP and GISP 2 diverge below about 2720 m
39
- Past climate changes : general presentation and tools - Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok - Greenland ice cores : from Camp Century to GRIP/GISP2 - Ongoing projects : North GRIP, EPICA and others
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Page 1: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

- Past climate changes : general presentation and tools

- Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

- Greenland ice cores : from Camp Century to GRIP/GISP2

- Ongoing projects : North GRIP, EPICA and others

Page 2: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

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GISP 2

GRIP

GRIP and GISP 2 diverge below about 2720 m

?

Page 3: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

High resolution Climate Record of the NorthernHemisphere back into the last Interglacial Period. North Greenland Ice-Core Project (NorthGRIP) Members

To appear in Nature, September 9

NorthGRIP Project

DenmarkBelgiumIcelandFranceGermanyJapanSwedenSwitzerlandUSA

Page 4: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

North GRIP Project : undisturbed Eemian (gas measurements)

Page 5: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

North GRIP / GRIP difference appears modulated by the size of the ice sheet

Page 6: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

Comparison of NorthGRIP with a North atlantic record

Page 7: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

10 10 NATIONS: Belgium, Denmark, NATIONS: Belgium, Denmark, France, France, Germany, Italy, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Sweden, Switzerland, United KingdomKingdom

Two SITES : Dome C et DML.Two SITES : Dome C et DML.

5 CONSORTIA : : Gas, Chemistry, Isotope, Physical properties, Dust.

Page 8: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

KOHNEN

DOME C

D.D.U.

G. Von Neumayer

B.T.N.

Page 9: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

EDC96EDC991996/1997 : casing 130m

1997/1998 : 364m

1998/1999 : 781m

1999/2000 : casing

2000/2001 : 1459m

2001/2002 : 2864m

2002/2003 : 3201m

Page 10: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

What is the geographical significance of the

Vostok temperature record ?

Can we extend it further back in time ?

Page 11: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

Comparison of five cores from the East Antarctic Plateau

Page 12: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

EPICA Dome C provides more detailed information

Page 13: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

1000Profondeur 2000 3000EPICA Dome C

Note the change of pacing below 2800 m corresponding to MIS 12 (around 450 kyr BP)

Page 14: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

Dating obtained by an inverse method aimining to an optimal use of the chronologicalinformation available (developed by F.Parennin)

Page 15: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

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Oceanic record (Bassinot et al., 1994) Oceanic record Specmap

7.5

5.5 9.3

16.2

16.2

11.3

Change of pacing is also seen in the oceanic record (at least to a certain extent)Correspondence between MIS 16.2 and the low deuterium value

Page 16: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

Comparison with the Devils Hole calcite record

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Page 17: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

Change of atmospheric composition during termination 5

Page 18: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

The period around the transition towards 11.3 resembles the last transition

The first part of 11.3 is Holocene like (as far as the deuterium record is concerned)

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Stage 12 to 11. Last transition

EPICA Dome C / transitions (over 50ky)

Page 19: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

What is the geographical significance of the

Vostok temperature recordat the glacial-interglacial timescale ?

We can extend Vostok further back in time

Page 20: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

Deep (more than 2 km long) ice cores in Antarctica

Page 21: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

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0-55.00-450 -400

Vostok

Dome Fuji

D 18O

Depth (m)

Comparison of Dome Fand Vostok profilesWatanabe et al., Nature

Page 22: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

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Vostok D

Dome Fuji 18O

18O in ‰/SMOW (Dome Fuji)

D in ‰/SMOW (Vostok)

Age in kyr BP

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Vostok D

Dome Fuji 18O

18O in ‰/SMOW (Dome Fuji)

D in ‰/SMOW (Vostok)

Age in kyr BP

Comparaison of Vostok and Dome Fuji isotopic profiles

Watanabe, Jouzel, Johnsen, Parrenin, Shoji, Yoshida

(Nature, 2003)

Page 23: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

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Dome Fuji Vostok

Age in kyr BP

Inversion temperatureSurface temperature

Comparison of the Dome F and Vostok temperature profiles

Page 24: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

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Dome F (Watanabe et al., 2003)

Vostok (Petit et al., 1999)

Dome C(EPICA community members, sub)

11.3

9.3

18.4 20

Comparison of the Dome F, Vostok and EPICA Dome C(800 kyr)

Page 25: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

K.Pahnke, R.Zahn, H.Elderfield, M.Schulz , Science, August, 2003

340,000-year Centennial-Scale Marine Record of Southern Hemisphere Climatic Oscillation (45°S, East of New Zealand)

Page 26: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

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EPICA Dome C

GRIP

D

EPICA Dome C and GRIP Millenial Variability

Page 27: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

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EPICA DC

GRIPSS09

Dome F

Vostok

Age (ka)

A1 A3A2 A4 A5 A6

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8 12

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Comparison of Vostok, Dome F, EPICA Dome C and GRIP over the last 80 ka

Page 28: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

Blunier and Brook, Science 2001

Page 29: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

Raisbeck et al., Goldschmidt Conference, 2002

The 10Be peak straddles event 10, exactly as seen in the GRIP core. This implies that, within our ability to resolve, which we presently estimate as 200 years, the GRIP and EPICA climaterecords at this time are synchronous.

Small events / Large events ? Interesting modelling approach ofJohnsen and Stocker, Paleoceanography, 2003

Page 30: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

Stocker and Johnsen ; Paléocéanography, 2003

Page 31: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

East Antarctica : Deep ice core Characteristics

H(m) A(g/cm2) Z (m age (ky)

Vostok 3750 2 3310 420

Dome F 3090 2.7 2503 330

EPICA DC 3320 2.7 3190 800

EPICA DML 2760 6.4 2565 200

Dome B 3.5 780 30

Dome A

The future of ice core researchInternational Participation in Ice Core Sciences (IPICS) Workshop

Page 32: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

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Dome A

Dome A

Dome F

Dome F

Page 33: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

A project to recover the longest possible ice core paleoclimate record

Jean Jouzel and Frédéric Parennin

International Partnership for Ice Core Science

Some criteria- High ice thickness and low Accumulation : - A/H as low as possible : East Antarctica ….- Low horizontal speed (dome)- Some melting at the base ? Relatively flat bedrock- Well documented and accessible area- Need for more data and dedicated modeling

Importance of drilling in coastal areasGreenland : getting back to the previous glacialTropical and mid - latitude glaciers

Page 34: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

There is some possibility to get a more than 1 Myr undisturbed paleorecord

but identiying a site will need to better document accumulation and other propertiesas well as improved 3D ice flow modeling

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This was a pleasure for me to give these ISCS lectures

Thanks for your attention

Page 39: Antarctic ice cores : from Byrd to Vostok

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