Antenna Products Curtis

7/30/2019 Antenna Products Curtis

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Antenna Solutions

Design and Manufacturing


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Outline

Antenna Theory and Main Technical Indicators

Antenna Products and Applications

Antenna Design and Manufacturing


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Base Station Antenna


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AntennaBeamwidthis

establishedbytheangle

measurementbetweenthe

points3dBdownfromthe

beampeak

Inasectorantenna,the-10

dBpointsareimportantas

thecross-overpointswith

theadjacentsector,andshouldideallybeatthe+/-

60degreesforthe120

degreesector


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SinceHorizontalPlane

Beamwidthremainsconstan

forsectorperformance,

VerticalPlaneBeamwidth

mustbechangedinorderto

increasegain

Asmoreelementsareadded

andtheantennais

lengthened,theVerticalPlaneBeamwidthnarrows

andthegainincreases


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Antenna Critical Features

Beam TiltingBeamtiltingisveryimportanttonetworkoptimization,itaffectsthespectralefficiency,coverage,

capacityandinterferenceofthenetwork

Mechanical Downtilt

Whenanantennaismechanicallytilted,itsradiationcharacteristicsdonotchange,butthecoverage

onthegroundisaffected.Mechanicallydowntiltinganantennawillcausedistortiononthecoverage

footprintandincreasethesectoroverlapping


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Electrical Downtilt

Withelectricaldowntilt,theradiationcharacteristicsoftheantennaarechanged.Theeffecttothe

radiationpatterncanbeimaginedasanumbrellaasitisbeingslowlycloseddown.

RosenbergeroffersbothmanuallyandremotelyAdjustableElectricalTilt(AET)antennas:

---Manualelectricaldowntilt(adjustedbyaknob)

---AISG1.1and2.0compliantRemoteelectricaldowntilt


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Front-to-Backcanbedefinedinmanydifferent

ways,whichcanmakedirectcomparison

difficultandmisleading

ManysuppliersreportonlytheCo-Polarized

ratioat180degrees

Thismethodreportsonlythedifference

betweenthepeakofthepatternat0degrees

andthelevelofthepatternat180degrees,for

theco-polarizedsignal

Thismethodgivesthebestpossiblevaluebut

doesnotgiveameaningfulvaluefor

determinationofsiteinterference



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Rosenbergeradoptsthemorestringent

definition(referredtoasTotalPowerFront-to-

Backratio)whenspecifyingFront-to-Backratio

forantennas.Thisisthesamedefinition

adoptedbytheSAABmeasurement

laboratoryinSweden

Thismethodreportsthemaximumlevel(using

vectoradditionofboththeco-polarandcross-

polarlevels)inthe60

backwardsector

(18030)ofthehorizontalplaneand

comparesittothepeakofthemainbeam



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Upper Sidelobe Suppression

Upper Sidelobe Suppression (USLS):

USLS can help to minimize nearby cell interference, most importantly at mid tilt angles

- Lowering the upper sidelobes will always reduce antenna gain15-17 dB USLS is recommended as any further reduction will decrease gain significantly


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Main Technical Indicators

1.) Passive Intermodulation In most systems the 3rd

Harmonic (IM3) will fall on the

Rx band and its high

magnitude can easily

overshadow the actual Rx

signals or occupy one or more

channels making them

unavailable for traffic.

But, just as importantly to the

manufacturer and end user,

PIM is a very good indicator of

the quality of the antenna.

Good, consistent PIMperformance indicates a

proper design, stable

manufacturing process, and

quality materials


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Passive Intermodulation Each and every antenna is tested

for PIM. Results are recorded by

serial number

PIM equipment:

Rosenberger

IM-1822-DCS-TD-SCDMA-UMTS

Power Amplifier

IM-FI-800-RT

IM-FI-900-RTIM-FI-1800-RT

IM-FI-1900-RT

IM-FI-2000-RT

IM-FI-2600-RT


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2.) VSWR

An important system

parameter as it relates to

reflected power, but it is also a

good indicator of

manufacturing quality. Bad

solder joints, open or shorted

junctions, will be indicated bypoor VSWR

3.) Isolation

Similarly, isolation is an

important system parameter

for diversity performance, but

it is also a good indicator ofmanufacturing quality. An

antenna with incorrect phase

or amplitude distribution will

show a degraded isolation


Every antenna is tested for VSWR and Isolation. Results are recorded by serial number


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4.) Radiation Patterns

Radiation patterns measure

many important parameters of

antenna performance

including Gain, Beamwidth,

Front to Back, Upper

Sidelobes and Cross-

Polarization. Rosenberger maintains two

fully automated pattern test

ranges.

During production runs, a

sample quantity is selected by

the Quality Control Group andfull pattern data is recorded on

those samples.


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Near-Field Testing Rosenberger Near-Field Testing Roadmap

- Satimo SG128

- Spherical range completion in 2013

- 0.4-6.0 GHz frequency range

- most time efficient range possible

- broadband multiple probe technology

- environmentally controlled enclosed chamber

- 360 degree spherical pattern, directivity and gain

-Rosenberger Near-Field/Probe System

- currently under development in the US

- small space requirement, versatile usage

- designed for fast iterative antenna design

- probe of elevation pattern and sidelobes in minutes

- full cylindrical near-field with no reconfiguration


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Outline





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Antenna Products

High Gain Quad Port

Dual Band

Triple Band

Single Broadband

Multi-Port

TD-LTESmart Antenna

Base Station Antenna Products


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Antenna Products

Indoor Antenna Products

Vertical Polarization

Directional

LTE/MIMO

Omni

LTE/MIMO


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Antenna Products


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Antenna Products

Introduction to LTE / MIMO

What is LTE Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

OFMD


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Antenna Products


What is MIMO Multiple Input / Multiple Output

MIMO Downlink modes:

1. Tx Diversity

2. Spatial Multiplexing-Open-loop-Closed-loop-Single-user

-Multi-user

3. Beamforming


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Antenna Products


What is MIMO

Tx Diversity

abcd

Improves Multipath call drops

Increases Reliability / CoverageSpatial or Polarization Diversity

abcdabcd

abcdabcd

abcd

Fading Interference Example

(Data )


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Antenna Products


What is MIMOSpatial Multiplexing

Increases User Throughput

Uses/Requires MultipathSpatial and/or Polarization Diversity

Linear increase of data rate with

increase in the number of antennas

abcd abcd

ac

bd

ac

bd

bd

ac

(Data )


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Antenna Products


What is MIMO

Beamforming

Increases Coverage / Cell CapacityApplicable mainly to TDD

Normally Requires Minimum

4 Tx Antennas/Columnsabcd abcd

abcd abcd

(Data )

* Beamforming is mainly applicable to Time Division Duplex (TDD) modulation

(Aeroflex, Beamforming and MIMO, March 24, 2011)


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Antenna Products


What is MIMO Real World Example: 4 X 2 MIMO using Quad X-Pol Tx Array

Exploits a combination of:Beam Switching (continuous use of polarization beam switching)

Open Loop Tx Diversity (for high velocity)Closed Loop Tx Diversity (for low velocity and poor channel quality

Spatial Multiplexing (for low velocity and good channel quality)

Velocity

SNRLow

Low

High

High

Beam

Switching

&CL Tx DIV

BeamSwitching

&

OL Tx DIV

Beam

Switching

&Spatial

Multiplexing

Ad d A LTE


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Advanced Antenna LTE

Base Station LTE/MIMO Antenna

Ad d A t LTE


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Ad d A t LTE


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I t l ACU


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Internal ACU

Internal ACU

Internal control for

electrical downtilt

Fully compatible

AISG 1.1/AISG 2.0

High quality components

for reliability

Manual adjustment

possible through external

hand knob

Advanced Antenna LTE/MIMO


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Indoor LTE/MIMO Antenna

Advanced Antenna TD-LTE


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Advanced Antenna TD LTE

Base Station TD-LTE/MIMO Antenna

Outline


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Outline




Antenna Design Overview


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Antenna Design - Overview

Shanghai

Oregon

Antenna Design Overview


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Antenna Design - Overview

Antenna Design


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Antenna Design

Element Design

Wideband and High Gain

Radiating Element Design

Different element designs for

different applications

Cast aluminum / Tin plated

radiating elements for bothlow and high band multi-band

antennas, as well as many

single band designs

Antenna Design


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g

Cast Elements

Aluminum Die Cast Elements

Tin plated for solderability and

corrosion

Capacitive feed structure

Isolated from reflector

Antenna Design


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Antenna Design

Feed Network

Advanced Hybrid feed

network printed circuit boards,

and coaxial cables, where

appropriate, to maximize

pattern configurability and

minimize transmission losses

and cross coupling.

Hybrid coax cable / PCB feed

network used for high band

and multi band antennas.

PCBs used to accurately

control the amplitude and

Phase distribution.

Exclusive use ofHabiacoaxial cable.

High quality low PIM circuit board splitters / circuit

lines maskedfor corrosion protection.

Antenna Design


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Antenna Design

Phase Shifters

Benefits

Modular design, each phase

shifter positioned and

operated independently, offers

high design flexibility

Low cross coupling, gives

better pattern control

Power dividers and phase

shifters are separated from

each other, allow flexible

phase and amplitude tapering,

gives better pattern control

Reduced length oftransmission line

Antenna Design


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Antenna Design

Phase Shifters

RosenbergerpatentpendingAirStripline

designtominimizetransmissionloss

Widebandtransmissionlinebaseddesign

toprovidetruetimedelay,withlittle

impedancevariationoverawidefrequency

range

Simpleconstructionminimizesproduction

complicationsandthusincreasesreliability,

repeatabilityandproductivity

Veryreliablenon-contactdesignminimizes

mechanicalfailureandPIMgeneration

Antenna Design


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Antenna Design

Radome

Radomes are offered in two

materials to meet the

customer requirements.

UPVCradomes for low cost.

Fiberglassradomes for highstrength and durability.

End Caps

End caps are made from poly

propylene with 45% glass

fiber content.

Designed to allow drainage of

any condensed moisture.

Antenna Design


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e a es g

Reflector

Reflectors are made

exclusively from 5052-H24

Aluminum

Reflector Supports

Reflector supports are made

from High Strength Nylon 66.

They are designed to allow nowater intrusion and isolate the

mounting hardware for PIM

performance

Antenna Design


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g

Mounting Brackets

Mounting brackets are made

from Q235 Low Carbon Steel

/ Zinc Galvanized.

Bracket to antenna hardware

is stainless steel.

Other mounting hardware is

Zinc Galvanized.

Antenna Manufacturing


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g



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g

All fastener torque controlled with

calibrated screw drivers

Automated inductivesoldering of connectors



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g

Sealing

End caps and all mounting

point are sealed with SS611

Silicone Weather-Proofing

Sealant

Cleaning

Antennas are thoroughly

cleaned using air and alcohol

before they are closed and

sealed

Automatic SealantApplication Robot



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Automated Data Collection ofVSWR, Isolation and PIM


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[email protected]

Thank you

Date post:	04-Apr-2018
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Antenna Products Curtis

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