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Political Instituti
ons
Social Institutions
Social
Political
Economic Educational
Religious
StateConsist of people, defined
permanent territory, government, and sovereignty
Power and Authority
PoliticsWho gets what, when, and
howHarold Laswell
Powerthe ability to exercise one’s
will over others (Max Weber)
3 Basic Sources of Power
Forcethe actual or threatened
use of coercion to
impose one’s will on others
Influence
the exercise of power through a process of persuasion
Authority
Institutionalized power that is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised.
Types of Authority
Traditional AuthorityLegitimate power is conferred by
custom and accepted practiceExample: Monarch attains power
based on hereditary succession
Rational-Legal AuthorityPower made legitimate by lawExample: Philippine President exercise
powers based on the 1987 Philippine Constitution
Charismatic AuthorityPower made legitimate by a leader’s
exceptional personal or emotional appeal to his or her followers.
Example: Jesus, Joan of Arc, Gandhi, Malcolm X, or Martin Luther King Jr, Steve Jobs
Basic Types of Government
Monarchy Form of government headed by a single
member of a royal family, usually a king, queen, or some other hereditary ruler.
It can be absolute monarchy or limited/constitutional monarchy
OligarchyA few individuals rulenow often takes the form of
military rule
DictatorshipOne person has nearly total power to make
and enforce laws.
They seize power rather than being freely elected or inheriting power
TotalitarianismInvolves virtually complete government
control and surveillance over all aspects of a society’s social and political life.
Examples:Hitler’s reign, the Soviet Union in the 1930s,
and North Korea today
DemocracyFrom Greek words demos (people) and
kratos (strength) or kratia (rule)government by the people.Two forms:
Direct democracyIndirect/representative/constitutional
democracy
Power Structure
Elite ModelSociety is ruled by a small group
of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests.
Pluralist Modelmany competing groups within
the community have access to government
no single group is dominant.
War and Peace
Views on WarGlobal
view
military conflict
between states
Nation-State view
interaction of internal political,
socioeconomic, and
cultural forces
Micro view
Impact of war to
individuals
Peaceboth as the absence of war and as a
proactive effort to develop cooperative relations among nations
How to deter war or foster peace?international tradeactivity of international charities and
activist groups called nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)Example: Red Cross and Red Crescent, Doctors
Without Borders, Amnesty International
Global Peace Index (2011)
Terrorismthe use or threat of violence against random or
symbolic targets in pursuit of political aims.the end justifies the means. They believe the status quo is oppressive and that
desperate measures are essential to end the suffering of the deprived.
An essential aspect of contemporary terrorism involves use of the media and social media
End