Date post: | 19-Aug-2014 |
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ANTI HELMINTHIC DRUGS
CLASSIFICATION: Chemotherapy of Nematodes : Ivermectin Mebendazole Albendazole Piperazine Tetramisole Diethyl carbamazine
citrate Pyrantel palmoate Thiabendazole
Chemotherapy of Trematodes : Praziquantel
Chemotherapy of Cestodes : Niclosamide
NEMATODES: Nematodes are elongated
round worms. It possess a complete digestive
system i.e, from mouth to anus. These nematodes can cause
infections of intestine, blood & tissues.
DRUGS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEMATODES:
MEBENDAZOLE:
Pin worm (Enterobius vermicularis) Hook worm (Nectar americanus) Round worm (Ascariasis lumbricoides) Whip worm (Trichuris trichuria)
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Interfere with microtubules
synthesis will leads to stop the mitosis & also decreases the glucose uptake.
Affected parasites are expelled out from the faeces.
ADVERSE EFFECTS: Diahorrea. Abdominal pain.
CONTRA INDICATIONS: In pregnant woman, because it
shown to be embryotoxic & teratogenic in experimental animals.
IVERMECTIN:
It is the drug of choice which treats Onchoceriasis (river blindness) caused by Onchorea volvulus.
It is effective against scabies.
MECHANISM OF ACTION:Ivermectin TargetsGABA receptors of parasite
Chloride ion influx enhanced
Hyper polarization occurs
Paralysis of the worm
CONTRA INDICATIONS:
Patients with MENINGITIS Pregnancy The killing of microfilaria can
results in Mazotti like reaction
TREMATODES: These are the leaf shaped
flatworms. These are called as flukes. They are generally characterized
by the tissues they infect.Eg: Liver, lung, intestinal or blood
flukes.
DRUGS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF TREMATODES:
PRAZIQUANTEL:
Trematode infections are generally treated with praziquantel.
It is a drug of choice to treat Schistosomiasis & cestode infections like Cysticercosis.
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Permeability of the cell membrane to calcium ion is increased.
This leads to contraction and so paralysis of the parasite occurs.
ADVERSE EFFECTS : Dizziness GI Upset Malaise Anorexia Drowsiness
CONTRA INDICATIONS:
It is not used for pregnant woman. It is not used for the treatment of
Ocular cysticercosis since destruction of the organism in the eye may damage the organ.
CESTODES: These are flat, segmented body &
attach to host intestine. These are called as True
Tapeworms. Like Trematodes, the tapeworms
lack a mouth and digestive tract through out their life cycle.
DRUGS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF CESTODES:NICLOSAMIDE:MECHANISM OF ACTION: It inhibits parasites mitochondrial
anaerobic phosphorylation of ADP and produces energy in the form of ATP.
This is lethal for the cestode’s scolex and segments of cestodes but not for the ova.
A laxative is administered prior to oral administration of Niclosamide.
This is done to purge the bowel of all dead segments in order to preclude the digestion & liberation of ova, leads to “Cysticercosis”.
Alcohol should be avoided within one day of Niclosamide.
THANK YOU…
ByKeerthi.Rangana